Suchergebnisse

Theory of symbolic violence -- Integration of Limbus in precolonial Sikkim -- Integration of Limbus in colonial Sikkim -- Integration of Limbus in postcolonial Sikkim -- Limbu as a scheduled tribe in contemporary Sikkim -- Configurations of symbolic violence in Sikkim, Darjeeling and Nepal.

Across Eastern Europe how the past is remembered has become a crucial factor for understanding present-day political developments within and between states. In this introduction, we first present the articles that form part of this special section through a discussion of the various methods used by the authors to demonstrate the potential ways into studying collective memory. We then define the regional characteristics of Eastern Europe's mnemonic politics and the reasons for their oftentimes conflictual character. Thereafter we consider three thematic arenas that situate the individual contributions to this special section within the wider scholarly debate. First, we examine the institutional and structural conditions that shape the circulation of memory and lead to conflictive constellations of remembering; second, we discuss how different regime types and cultural rules influence the framing of historical episodes, paying attention to supranational integration and the role of technological change; third, we consider the different types of actors that shape the present recall of the past, including political elites, social movements, and society at large. We conclude by identifying several promising avenues for further research.

The introduction of electromobility contributes to an increase in energy efficiency and lower air pollution. European countries have not been among the world's leading countries in this statistic. In addition, there have been different paces in the implementation of electromobility in individual countries. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the directions of change and the degrees of concentration in electromobility in European Union (EU) countries, especially after the economic closure as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The specific objectives are to indicate the degree of concentration of electromobility in the EU and changes in this area, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic; to determine the dynamics of changes in the number of electric cars in individual EU countries, showing the variability in this aspect, while also taking into account the crisis caused by COVID-19; to establish the association between the number of electric cars and the parameters of the economy. All EU countries were selected for study by the use of the purposeful selection procedure, as of December 31, 2020. The analyzed period covered the years 2011–2020. It was found that in the longer term, the development of electromobility in the EU, measured by the number of electric cars, is closely related to the economic situation in this area. The crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the economic situation in all EU countries, but has not slowed down the pace of introducing electromobility, and may have even accelerated it. In all EU countries, in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the dynamics of introducing electric cars into use increased. The growth rate in the entire EU in 2020 was 86%, while in 2019 it was 48%. The reason was a change in social behavior related to mobility under conditions of risk of infection. COVID-19 has become a positive catalyst for change. The prospects for the development of this type of transport are very good because activities related to the development of the electromobility sector perfectly match the needs related to the reduction of pollution to the environment.

SummaryFor the last decade, a large contingent of manufacturing firms in developmental zones on China's coast has moved to inland provinces. What are the implications of this move inland for Chinese workers? Research on labor conditions in the current period of economic globalization and mobile capital debates the existence of a "race to the bottom" in labor standards through the pressures of international capital mobility. These theories predict that as inland China develops and attracts a larger amount of foreign and domestic capital, inland governments will compete by offering cheap labor and lower or unenforced standards. Our argument in this paper is contrarian in that we propose the possibility of a positive relationship between the movement inland and labor conditions. We argue that the movement of manufacturing to inland China is not primarily about cheaper workers, but instead signals the beginning of a fundamental shift in the development model through the employment of a localized workforce. Having more workers from within the province, local governments in inland provinces will be more inclined to develop inclusive social policies and improve labor conditions. Local governments in coastal provinces that inherit fundamentally different demographic structures are less likely to pursue this governance style. We use audit data from Apple corporation suppliers (2007–2013), supplementary survey data, and in‐depth interviews to discuss the relationship between localized production and better labor conditions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Der Text ist Basismaterial zur Parlamentsstudie 1980 des Zentralinstituts für Jugendforschung der DDR. Er beinhaltet Aussagen zum Thema sozialstrukturelle und Arbeitsbedingungen. Darunter subsumiert der Autor Geschlechtszugehörigkeit, Bildungs- und Qualifikationsstand und soziale Herkunft der Jugendlichen der DDR. Folgende Einzelfragen werden in diesem Rahmen diskutiert: (1) Lebenseinstellungen von weiblichen und männlichen jungen Arbeitern, (2) Anforderungen im Arbeitsprozeß und deren Einhaltungen, (3) Teilnahme an verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Aktivitäten im Betrieb, (4) Nettoeinkünfte junger Arbeiter, (5) Betriebswechsel in Abhängigkeit vom Familienstand, (6) Ausprägung von Einstellungen und Interessen bei jungen Arbeitern und Arbeiterinnen verschiedener sozialer Gruppen, (7) Ausprägung ideologischer Grundpositionen nach dem Bildungsstand der jungen Arbeiter, (8) Nettoeinkünfte und Bildungsstand, (9) sozialer Status im Vergleich zum sozialen Status des Vaters, (10) berufliche Qualifikation der Väter junger Arbeiter, (11) Vergleich des beruflichen Qualifikationsstands zwischen Vätern und Söhnen/ Töchtern und (12) Einflüsse des Elternhauses auf die berufliche und soziale Perspektive der jungen Arbeiter. (ICC)

China currently faces increasingly serious social conflicts. In the past, China's approach to resolving social conflicts was 'social management'. Now, however, it is turning to the development of 'social governance'. This change reflects the inability of government acting alone to recognise and to address comprehensively the type of social problems that require co‐ordination of social forces. Our research identifies three dimensions of governance and provides a comparative framework allowing us to illuminate how social governance as conceived in China differs from that in Western countries. Under China's current conditions, the strengthening and development of social governance is a holistic process. Neither market‐centrism nor state‐centrism is pursued, and pure social‐centrism is not the favoured direction of development; the path chosen is rather a state‐led social pluralism. The implications we see for the Government are that it should first transform its own functions to achieve a substantially higher quality of public service. This would put it in a position to empower (civil) society to mobilise multiple and varied social forces to participate so that social conflict can be optimally addressed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This item is part of the Political & Rights Issues & Social Movements (PRISM) digital collection, a collaborative initiative between Florida Atlantic University and University of Central Florida in the Publication of Archival, Library & Museum Materials (PALMM).

The article explores the construction of boundaries, alterity and otherness in modern science-fiction (SF) films. Boundaries, understood as real state borders, territoriality and sovereignty, as well as the construction of the other beyond an imagined border and delimited space, have a significant meaning in the dystopian settings of SF. Even though SF topics are not bound to the contemporary environment, be it of a historical, technical or ethical nature, they do relate to the present-day world and transcend our well-known problems. Therefore, SF offers a pronounced discourse about current social challenges under extreme conditions such as future technological leaps, encounters with the alien other or the end of the world. At the same time the genre enables us to play through future challenges that might really happen. Films like Equilibrium (2002), Code 46 (2003), Children of Men (2006) and District 9 (2009) show that in freely constructed cinematic settings we are not only unable to escape from our border conflicts, but quite the contrary, we take them everywhere with us, even to an alternative present or into the future, where new precarious situations of otherness are constructed.