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MICHAEL M. HARMON, Action Theory for Public AdministrationMARTIN BULMER, The Uses of Social Research. Social Investigation in Public Policy‐MakingGRANT HARMAN and DON SMART (eds), Federal Intervention in Australian EducationJAMES CURRAN and JEAN SEATON, Power Without Responsibility. The Press and Broadcasting in BritainDAVID SHAND (ed.), Making Government Budgets Work. Canberra and the States. Canberra College of Advanced Education and Australian Institute of Public Administration (ACT Group)WENCESLAS BAUDRILLART and ROBERT POINSARD, 20 Years of Budgetary Reform: A Tentative International Stocktaking, Brussels, XVIIIth International Congress of Administrative Sciences, Working Group in Integrated Budget Systems, 1982.J. O. N. PERKINS, The Australian Financial System After the Campbell ReportK. H. BRADSHAW, D. N. FOSTER, B. R. SMITH and G. A. VIENAUX (eds), An Operations Research Case BookDOCUMENTACION ADMINISTRATIVA (Madrid), 191, July–Sept., 1981, La Experiencia Regional Italiana, Vol. I

The land, air, water, & noise contamination brought about in Mexico City by rapid Ur expansion is discussed. In the process, the forested areas have suffered a consistent erosion that further complicates the environmental problem. The main source of pollution are the 2 million vehicles & 131,000 industrial enterprises located in the city. In this environmental context, sociological factors such as population & employment, income distribution, occupational dynamics, nutrition, housing, education, health, & transport are discussed. In Comentario a la ponencia "Effectos sociologicos del deterioro urbano" (Comment on the Report, "Sociological Impact of Urban Decay"), Abraham Molina supports Gonzales Liquidano's definition of Ur decay as a deformation of the social relations of production; the data presented are interpreted as evidence that Ur decay is the product of the SC struggle in capitalist society. 1 Graph, 23 References. S. Karganovic

The natural region of the Jara, with an area of 2500 km2 occupies much of the south west of the province of Toledo, and extends into the provinces of Caceres and Ciudad Real. It is situated between the Tajo and Guadiana rivers, south of the town of Talavera de la Reina, the centre of the economic life in this region. Its highlands are covered with xerophytic vegetation, of which the most common plant is the jara (Cistus ladaniferus), from which this zone takes it name, (Fig. 1). It has been occupied from the neolithic period onwards by peoples of different origins, e.g. Romans, Muslims, Jews, Mozarabs (Jimenez de Gregorio, 1959) but the present population derives from settlement from the north of the Tajo river beginning in the 14th century following the upheavals of the Moslem–Christian wars.

IntroduzioneNella prima metà del XX secolo, le teorie sui partiti politici hanno sottolineato il principio dell'organizzazione come crite-rio fondamentale in base al quale differenziare i partiti da più tradizionali gruppi d'influenza politica, quali fazioni, organizzazioni burocratiche, ceti o gruppi clientelari. Dal classico studio di Ostrogorski alle pagine sui partiti di Max Weber inEconomia e Società, i partiti moderni per eccellenza sono stati considerati quelli inglesi che avevano sviluppato leadership carismatiche, struttura organizzativa acaucuse capacità di mobilitazione elettorale di massa nelle circoscrizioni. Entrambi gli autori hanno rivolto la loro attenzione ai partiti consolidati, dato il loro interesse — oltre che per l'ideologia — per il fenomeno del «clientelismo» visto come strumento di integrazione. Entrambi hanno, invece, dato scarso rilievo al nuovo tipo di partito operaio di opposizione il cui potere era, a quel tempo, ancora abbastanza limitato.

Las empresas públicas no llevarán el uniforme social.
Tal uniforme tricolor no hay. Por ejemplo CDF Chimie, aunque procreada en el serrallo, ya no parece en nada o casi a su nacionalizadísimo procreador «Charbonnages de France», en cambio tiene aspectos comunes con su concurrente «privado» Rhône-Poulenc Industrias.
Por eso hay que dejar de lado visiones idílicas o apocalípticas sobre el Estado patrón. Ni abuelo, ni ogro, resulta un empleador casi ordinario, sensitivo al ambiente económico y político. El aspecto social de la empresa pública desaparece trás exigencias de concurrencia — sobre todo internacional — y aprovechó del liberalismo pre-may o 81 para diversificar y multiplicarse, como todo ente vivo.
Así paradóxicalmente, si son pocas les semejanzas de las empresas públicas entre sí, son más evidentes las entre éstas y sus concurrentes privados.

Tiers-Monde : nouvelles stratégies du développement ou nouveau dogmatisme ? par Gilbert Etienne
L'auteur s'en prend aux théories à la mode sur le développement, montrant comment est né vers 1970 un nouveau dogmatisme au moment où les dogmatismes néo-libéraux et marxistes-léninistes commençaient à s'eroder au contact des réalités. Simplification, déformation ou naïveté sont flagrantes dans plusieurs domaines : analyse des rapports Nord-Sud dans le passé et, aujourd'hui, liens entre agriculture et industrie, choix technologiques, cultures vivrières et plantes commerciales, rôle des multinationales... L'étude des expériences faites dans le Tiers-Monde depuis une trentaine d'années met en question les "nouvelles stratégies" et conduit à quelques éléments théoriques qui vont au-delà des choix idéologiques car ils relèvent de l'inexorable arithmétique du nombre de bouches nourrir, de bras et de cerveaux à employer, de sacs de grain, de tonnes acier.

Abstract. Scientists and engineers experience job dissatisfaction and perform below potential productivity, largely because of conflict between professionalism and work bureaucracies. Research has documented potential gain on both counts through reduced hierarchical power of management and movement toward greater participation in shared decision‐making. But relative reduction in managerial power is not likely; neither is the spread of unionism for scientists and engineers as an offset to that power. Furthermore, any assumed transfer of power a la Veblen assures no social gain. Work organization for scientists and engineers is of direct relevance for economics. Yet, the human capital development in economics has ignored the entire question of the effect of work organization on productivity and job satisfaction. In doing so, it has divorced economics from other disciplines and sacrificed realism and relevance for quantitative rigor.

Menées par des historiens, des ethnologues ou des sociologues, de nombreuses entreprises se sont développées aux États-Unis depuis la fin des années 1940, puis en Grande-Bretagne sous le terme d'oral history, en France, surtout depuis 1975, sous des dénominations variées. Toutes utilisent ou suscitent des « témoignages oraux », terme générique évoquant une parenté essentielle entre toutes ces recherches. Il ne s'agit pas ici de recenser les travaux en cours — ce qu'ont fait R. Bonnain et F. Elegoët —, mais de différencier des projets qui ont, certes, en commun de réunir et/ou d'exploiter des témoignages oraux, mais dont l'objet et le statut scientifique restent fondamentalement différents. L'ambiguïté apparaît immédiatement, puisque ni les termes de témoignages oraux, ni ceux d'archives orales ne traduisent oral history, genre que pratiquent si intensément les universitaires américains : archives ou témoignages ne sont pas de l'histoire.

Se recupera el acuerdo No 25 del 9 de septiembre de 1980 por el cual se establece el nuevo reglamento interno de los centros y programas de formación profesional del SENA ; Agreement No. 25 of September 9, 1980, which establishes the new internal regulations of SENA's vocational training centers and programs, is recovered ; Información general -- ¿En qué consiste el reconocimiento? -- ¿Quiénes pueden solicitar el reconocimiento? -- ¿Cuáles son los requisitos para el reconocimiento? -- ¿Cuáles son las obligaciones? -- ¿Cómo obtener información sobre el reconocimiento? -- ¿Dónde y cuándo hacer la solicitud de reconocimiento? -- ¿Cuánto se demora el SENA en aprobar el reconocimiento? -- ¿Qué vigencia tiene el reconocimiento? -- ¿Cuándo se aplaza, no se acepta o se cancela el reconocimiento? -- ¿Cuáles son los beneficios del reconocimiento? -- Instrucciones sobre los formularios – Carpeta -- Instrucciones para el diligenciamiento ; 26 páginas

This article describes the construction of a building compound, built with government funds. This group contains, besides the housing units, both in 21 m-high tower form and in 18 m-high elongated building, a series of public and private services, namely: — Parking lots. — Underground garages. — Landscaped areas. — Play and sports grounds. — Religious, social, medical, cultural, and shopping centres, etc. ; Se describe en este artículo la realización de un complejo de edificios, construidos con ayuda estatal. Este complejo, además de los edificios destinados a viviendas —cuya tipología varía desde edificios-torre, con una altura de 21 m, hasta edificios lineales con una altura de 18 m—, está dotado de una serie de servicios públicos y privados tales como: — Aparcamientos. — Garajes subterráneos. — Zonas verdes. — Campos de juego. — Centros religioso, social, médico, cultural, comercial, etc.

Dans mon étude du système des ceques à Cuzco (The ceque system of Cuzco ; the social organization of the capital of the Inca, Zuidema, 1964 ; Wachtel, 1966), j'ai décrit les concepts incaïques relatifs à l'organisation sociale et politique, dans leur dimension historique. Bien qu'il ait toujours été admis que cette tradition historique comportait aussi des éléments mythiques et légendaires, les chroniqueurs espagnols, de même que les chercheurs modernes, ont conservé ce cadre chronologique général, comme hypothèse raisonnable de travail. Selon cette chronologie, à Manco Capac, fondateur mythique de la dynastie inca, succédèrent quatre rois, appartenant à Hurin Cuzco (Cuzco d'en bas) : soit Manco Capac, Sinchi Roca, Lloque Yupanqui, Mayta Capac, Capac Yupanqui, suivis par cinq rois de Hanan Cuzco (Cuzco d'en haut) : Inca Roca, Yahuar Huacac, Viracocha Inca, Pachacuti Inca, Tupac Yupanqui.

In March 1973, for the first time since the military coup of 1966, a presidential election was held in Argentina. It also was the first time since 1955 that Peronist parties were allowed to present candidates in every province. The present note originated in an initiative by Darío Canton to collect occupational and electoral data from polling places in several Argentine cities. He had the cooperation of Beba Balvé and Lucía Osvaldo of the Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Sociales, Buenos Aires. The three were responsible for gathering data in Buenos Aires (Canton), Rosario (Balvé), and La Matanza (Osvaldo). Subsequently, collaboration with researchers Jorge R. Jorrat and Héctor Caldelari from interior provinces made it possible to include comparisons with data from Córdoba and Tucumán. The analysis of the data and, ultimately, this note are the sole responsibility of the two authors whose names appear above.

Die Psychoanalyse als Paradigma einer selbstreflexiven Institution wird in einer Kritik unterworfen, die in wesentlichen Teilen des dargestellten Denkansatzes auch auf andere selbstreflexive Institutionen (Soziologie) übertragbar ist. Selbstreflexive Institutionen sind -in Abgrenzung von technischen Institutionen- "die praktische Genese, Aufrechterhaltung und Weiterentwicklung von subjektiven und objektiven Sinnstrukturen.... Selbstreflexive Institutionen sind gekennzeichnet von handlungsspezifischen und subjektzentrierten Interaktionen." Selbstreflexive Institutionen und Gesellschaft stehen in einem dialektischen Verhältnis zueinander. Charakteristisch für die Psychoanalyse ist, daß einer Menge von Problemen (unbefriedigender Zustand der psychoanalytischen Theorie; Verkümmerung der Forschung; fehlende Integration in den Kontext wissenschaftlicher Diskussion; Kanonisierung der psychoanalytischen Therapie etc.) ein Defizit an selbstreflexiver Kompetenz gegenübersteht, so daß, gemessen an dem ursprünglichen Anspruch der Psychoanalyse, eine Tendenz der Verarmung zu konstatieren ist. Wegen mangelnder Selbstreflexion wird die Psychoanalyse Opfer von Verhältnissen, mit denen sie untrennbar verbunden ist, statt sie bewußt zu beeinflussen. Als zentrales Problem wird die Erzielung einer Balance zwischen ausreichender Stabilisierung psychoanalytischer Praxis und eines genügend großen Austausches mit der sozialen Umgebung dargestellt. Kennzeichnend für die Psychoanalyse ist eine mehr restriktive Orientierung mit zu eng gezogenen Institutionsgrenzen mit der Folge von Isolationstendenzen, Konservatismus und unangemessener Entwicklung. Anhand von historischen Beispielen (Studentenrevolte, Faschismus) werden die Konsequenzen einer unzureichenden Auseinandersetzung mit den gesellschaftlichen Verhältnissen aufgezeigt. Nicht der Rückzug aus konfliktträchtigen Bereichen, sondern auf deren permanente Bearbeitung wird als Bedingung für einen Ausweg aus der Krise hingwiesen. (LA)

Both complex & small organizations experience formalization, & while the former may experience greater control difficulties, the latter have the advantage of leadership contact which fosters greater control. Twenty-eight large La farms were selected & managers/owner-operators & 84 employees were interviewed. All workers were randomly selected & 81% were black. Organizational scores were computed using worker & operator scores. Centralization was measured with the Hierarchy of Authority index & the Participation in Decision Making Index. Results are similar to those found by J. Hage & M. Aiken (see SA 15:5/67C6458) in their examination of welfare agencies. No relationship was found between measures of formality, & a strong relationship was found between the indicator of job satisfaction & participation in decision making. The similar findings of Hage & Aiken & this study suggest that organizational properties exist in small organizations & may be measured. 1 Table. L. Kamel.

IntroduzioneIn questo articolo cercherò di proporre un inquadramento teorico che sia in grado di collocare in una prospettiva piú generale gli eventi che seguirono all'improvviso e rapidissimo aumento dei salari a partire dagli anni 1968–70 in tutti i maggiori paesi industriali. è possibile dire che le altissime rivendicazioni salariali, l'intensità particolare dei conflitti, le nuove forme di questi, i nuovi contenuti, anche, delle rivendicazioni, cosí come il sempre maggiore coinvolgimento dei sindacati nei rapporti politici, e insieme la diffusione delle iscrizioni sindacali in sempre nuove categorie di popolazione, e il pullulare dei movimenti sociali di ogni tipo siano tutti fenomeni comprensibili all'interno di un comune modello? E li si deve spiegare come conseguenze di una tendenza strutturale di lungo periodo o invece come un'alterazione temporanea dei sistemi di rappresentanza politica e sindacale?