Suchergebnisse

From gunboats to BITs : the evolution of modern international investment law / O. Thomas Johnson, Jr. and Jonathan Gimblett -- Report on manufactures (1791)(excerpt) / Alexander Hamilton -- The defence (1795)(Nos. XIII (excerpt), XIV, XV, XVIII, XIX, XX, XXI, XXII, and XXXVI) / Alexander Hamilton -- Third annual message (1903)(excerpt) / Theodore Roosevelt -- The basis of protection to citizens residing abroad / Elihu Root -- Address before the Pan American Conference on Arbitration and Conciliation (1928) / Calvin Coolidge -- The Hull Formula (1938) / exchange of letters between Cordell Hull and the Mexican government -- Special message to the Congress recommending point 4 legislation (1949) / Harry. S. Truman -- Annual address (World Bank) (1963)(excerpt) / George D. Woods --Statement announcing United States policy on economic assistance and investment security in developing nations (1972) / Richard M. Nixon -- Fourth annual report to the Congress on United States Foreign Policy (1973) / Richard M. Nixon -- Statement on international investment policy (1983) / Ronald Reagan -- Statement on international trade and investment policy (2007) / George W. Bush -- Statement by the president on United States commitment to open investment policy (2011) / Barack Obama -- U.S. Inbound foreign direct investment (2011) / Executive Office of the President, Council of Economic Advisers -- The definitive Treaty of Peace (1783) / the Government of the United States of America -- Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation between Great Britain and the United States (Jay Treaty) (concluded 1794; entered into force 1796) / the government of the United States of America and Great Britain -- Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Consular Rights (1923)(excerpts) / the government of the United States of America and Germany -- Treaty of Commerce and Navigation (1953) / the government of the United States of America and Japan -- Treaty with Argentina concerning the reciprocal encouragement and protection of investment (including message of the President of the United States transmitting the treaty to the Senate) / the government of the United States of America and Argentina -- North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) (1994)(excerpts and Chapter 11) / the government of Canada, the government of the United Mexican States and the government of the United States of America -- U.S. Model Bilateral Investment Treaty (2004) / the government of the United States of America -- United States-Peru Trade Promotion Treaty (environmental and labor side agreements) (signed 2006; entered into force 2009) / the government of the United States of America and Peru -- U.S. Model Bilateral Investment Treaty (2012) / the government of the United States of America -- Limitations on coercive protection / Edwin Borchard -- The "minimum standard" of the treatment of aliens / Edwin Borchard -- Property-protection provisions in United States commercial treaties / Robert R. Wilson -- Treaties for the encouragement and protection of foreign investment : present United States practice / Herman Walker, Jr. -- Responsibility of states for injuries to the economic interests of aliens / Louis B. Sohn and R.R. Baxter -- What constitutes a taking of property under international law?/ G.C. Christie -- "Constructive takings" under international law : a modest foray into the problem of "creeping expropriation" / Burns H. Weston -- The charter of economic rights and duties of states and the deprivation of foreign-owned wealth / Burns H. Weston -- The breakdown of the control mechanism in ICSID arbitration / W. Michael Reisman -- Arbitration without privity / Jan Paulsson -- Investment liberalization and economic development : the role of bilateral investment treaties / Kenneth J. Vandevelde -- Why LDCs sign treaties that hurt them : explaining the popularity of bilateral investment treaties / Andrew T. Guzman -- The once and future foreign investment regime / Jose E. Alvarez -- Public vs. private enforcement of international economic law : of standing and remedy / Alan O. Sykes -- Do BITs really work : an evaluation of bilateral investment treaties and their grand bargain / Jeswald W. Salacuse & Nicholas P. Sullivan -- Empirically evaluating claims about investment treaty arbitration / Susan D. Franck -- Investor-state arbitration as governance : fair and equitable treatment, proportionality, and the emerging global administrative law / Benedict Kingsbury and Stephan Schill

Ziel des Aufsatzes ist es, einen Beitrag zur Diskussion und Beantwortung der Frage zu leisten, ob das Ziel einer autonomen kapitalistischen Entwicklung in den Ländern der Dritten Welt ein realistisches Ziel ist. Zunächst wird das Modell des metropolitanen Kapitalismus untersucht. Es wird festgestellt, daß die Vorstellung einer einzelne Stadien durchlaufenden Entwicklung zwar im großen und ganzen auf die allmähliche Konstituierung der Zentren, nicht aber auf die Peripherie zutrifft. Deshalb wird in einem nächsten Schritt der Frage nachgegangen, welche Stadien die Peripherien in ihrer Formierung und Evolution durchlaufen und welches ihre mutmaßlichen Zukunftsperspektiven sind. Dazu werden die Grundzüge der Theorie des ungleichen Tausches entwickelt. Als erste Phase des imperialistischen Systems wird die koloniale und halbkoloniale Form der Herrschaft über die Peripherie ausgemacht. Als Beginn der zweiten Phase wird der Sieg der nationalen Befreiungsbewegung unter Führung der Bourgeoisie genannt. Es wird allerdings herausgearbeitet, daß diese zweite Phase kein Stadium auf dem Weg zur Konstituierung einer eigenständigen Ökonomie darstellt, sondern lediglich die erste erweitert. Die Forderung nach einer neuen internationalen Wirtschaftsordnung wird als Ausdruck der Krise der zweiten Phase des Imperialismus interpretiert. Es wird diskutiert, ob dies der Beginn einer dritten Phase des Imperialismus ist, in der Losungen von eigenständiger Entwicklung und kollektiver self-reliance von Bedeutung sind. Abschließend werden die Perspektiven einer alternativen Entwicklung in der neuen Phase des Imperialismus aufgezeigt. (KW)

Abstract Background The oral health of military populations is usually not very well characterized compared to civilian populations. The aim of this study was to investigate two physical oral health characteristics and one perceived oral health measure and their correlation in the Japan self-defense forces (JSDF). Methods Number of missing teeth, denture status, and OHRQoL as evaluated by the Japanese 14-item version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-J14) as well as the correlation between these oral health measures was investigated in 911 personnel in the JSDF. Results Subjects did not have a substantial number of missing teeth and only 4% used removable dentures. The mean OHIP-J14 score was 4.6 ± 6.7 units. The magnitude of the correlation between the number of missing teeth with OHIP-J14 scores was small (r = 0.22, p < 0.001). Mean OHIP-J14 scores differed between subjects with and without dentures (8.6 and 4.4, p < 0.001). Conclusions Compared to Japanese civilian populations, personnel of the JSDF demonstrated good oral health. Two physical oral health characteristics were associated with perceived oral health.

Proponents of arms control and disarmament are often confronted with the argument that reductions in defense expenditure lead to cutbacks in military industries and thus to economic hardship. While a reduction in defense production would cause some economic dislocation, this would be mitigated by the ability of the economy to adapt to changing patterns of production. This book, first published in 1983, assesses the likely effects of reductions in defense industries by an examination of the roles these industries play in national economies. Each chapter discusses industry employment, output, research and development, capital value, profitability, concentration and competition, internal organization and regional employment concentration. Other questions considered include the economic importance of weapons exports, the defense industry as a leading edge' in maintaining national technological capabilities, and the reliance of individual firms on defense contracting.

Radicals, feminists, environmentalists. Activists for animal rights, human rights, civil rights. There are plenty of rebels and dissidents putting their asses on the line. Conversely, there's never been a shortage of reactionaries seeking to repress such vision and passion. Learning how to fight and/or defend yourself is not the same as promoting belligerent, anti-social behavior. While talk of non-violence is understandable and the struggle for peace has never been more essential, let's face it: The odds are that sooner or later you're going to end up in a confrontation that may escalate into

The study of identity offers a possibility to theorize on the human collectives of world politics, to give them an ontological status, and to discuss how they are constituted and maintain themselves. The first part discusses social theorizing of collective identity along the ethnographic, the psychological, the Continental philosophical, and particularly, the `Eastern excursion' of theorizing; Bakhtin, Levinas and Kristeva are lauded for jettisoning a dialectical mode of analysis in favour of a dialogical one which respects difference. The second part discusses how Der Derian, Shapiro, Campbell, the `Copenhagen coterie' and Wendt have brought this theorizing into IR, and assesses their work in terms of that discussed in the first part. The study of identity formation should do away with psychologizing conjecture and focus on the drawing on social boundaries and the role played by groups who are ambiguously poised between the self and the others. Collective identities are overlapping and multifaceted phenomena which must not be reified and studied in isolation from one another.