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Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Editors' Introduction -- A Note on the Text -- 1. Commercial Sociability: The Jean-Jacques Rousseau Problem -- 2. Commercial Sociability: The Adam Smith Problem -- 3. Histories of Government: Which Comes First, Judges or the Law? -- 4. Histories of Government: Republics, Inequality, and Revolution? -- 5. Political Economy: Markets, House holds, and Invisible Hands -- 6. Political Economy: Nationalism, Emulation, and War -- Index.

In this substantially revised and enlarged second edition of a classic text that has been used throughout the world in numerous translations, Tom Bottomore reconsiders élite theory in the light of more recent studies. He examines the role and significance of élites in relation to classes and class structure in both advanced industrial and developing countries, and expounds the criticism of élites and élitism that have been formulated by democratic and socialist thinkers and movements. In a new concluding chapter, Professor Bottomore considers the prospect, as humanity approaches the millenium

In simple action theory, when people choose between courses of action, they know what the outcome will be. When an individual is making a choice ""against nature,"" such as switching on a light, that assumption may hold true. But in strategic interaction outcomes, indeterminacy is pervasive and often intractable. Whether one is choosing for oneself or making a choice about a policy matter, it is usually possible only to make a guess about the outcome, one based on anticipating what other actors will do. In this book Russell Hardin asserts, in his characteristically clear and uncompromising