Suchergebnisse

This article is devoted to the trade policy of Russia with Kashgar (East Turkestan) through Central Asia in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Fergana region (Kokand) has become one of the main transfer points in Russian-Kashgar trade relations.

Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Contents; Dedication; Introduction; 1. Beginning with the End in Mind; 2. Everyone Needs Friends; 3. God's Big Idea; 4. From Brick-Making to Feasting; 5. A Second Chance; 6. God Is on Your Side; 7. The Pivotal Point; 8. Good Reasons to Party; 9. A Revolutionary Take on Things; 10. Our 20-Second Prayer; 11. The Real Thing; 12. What's Mine Is Yours; 13. No Barriers at All; 14. Extending the Circle; 15. Let Us Be; Endnotes

SFRH/BPD/111782/2015 UID/HIS/04209/2013 ; The Great War witnessed the most important military operation carried out by Portuguese troops outside the country's borders during the first half of the twentieth Century. Portugal was the only country involved in the conflict which, between 1914 and 1916, was able to preserve a position of undeclared neutrality in Europe and, simultaneously, wage war against Germany in Africa. The defense of the Portuguese colonial empire's integrity has often been signaled by historians as one of the factors which justified the declaration of war against Germany in March 1916 and Portugal's participation in the European theatre of operations alongside its ally, Great Britain, from early 1917 onwards. This article seeks to analyze the way in which the Great War was considered by the colonies, especially Mozambique, by discussing the Portuguese military intervention and the way it was understood and witnessed by civilian and military figures alike. ; publishersversion ; published

Der Verfasser wendet sich gegen eine vorwiegend ideologisch motivierte Verteidigung resp. Verfechtung von Privatisierung bzw. zentralistische Strukturen. Hingegen werden stärkere Anstrengungen gefordert, um für die einzelnen Länder passende Analyseverfahren zu entwickeln. Diese Analysen müßten sich auf Beachtung konkreter Rahmenbedingungen stützen, d.h. sie dürfen sich nicht, wie bisher, in so hohem Maße auf den Bereich Organisationsstrukturen konzentrieren. Den Anreiz bietenden resp. den hemmenden Faktoren muß mehr Beachtung gewidmet werden. Auf dieser Basis erhofft sich der Verfasser weniger übereilte und grobschlächtige Entscheidungen zu privatisieren, wobei er Privatisierungen keinesfalls grundsätzlich ablehnt. (APAF-Glz)

Los años que trascurren entre la crisis del 1930 y la Segunda Guerra Mundial se conocen en la historiografía agraria argentina como el período del «estancamiento». En efecto, el crecimiento que registraba la producción agrícola pampeana desde fines del siglo XIX se frenó e incluso retrocedió en algunos años. La mayor parte de los trabajos sobre el período ensayaron explicaciones centradas en las políticas nacionales hacia el sector, el comportamiento de los productores o cuestiones relacionadas con la estructura social del agro pampeano. Muy pocos autores analizaron el mercado mundial de la rama agraria e intentaron comprender el devenir del agro argentino en función de lo que sucedía a nivel internacional. El objetivo de este trabajo es precisamente analizar el mercado mundial de productos agrícolas en un período donde la Gran Depresión y la Segunda Guerra Mundial convierten en ineludible el estudio del contexto mundial para entender cualquier economía nacional. De esta manera, a partir de la bibliografía existente y de datos estadísticos del International Agricultural Institute de Roma (después de la creación de la ONU renombrado como FAO) y la base de datos de comercio internacional de la ONU (UN Comtrade), se estudia la evolución del comercio mundial de la rama agraria y su interrelación con la evolución del agro argentino. Se analiza la crisis que atravesó el mercado mundial de alimentos entre 1930 y 1945, así como los cambios registrados en la etapa de posguerra; cambios que a su vez influyeron en la transformación que relanza al agro pampeano a partir de la década del 1960, con un importante proceso de modernización y la aparición de nuevos cultivos como la soja y nuevos mercados como el continente asiático. ; The years between the crisis of 1930 and the Second World War, are known in Argentina agrarian historiography as the period of «stagnation». Indeed, the growth in agricultural production recorded since the late nineteenth century slows and even reverses in some years. However, most of the papers on the period, tested explanations focused on national policies towards the sector, the behavior of producers or issues of social structure. Few authors have focused in the analysis of the global agricultural market and have tried to analyze the evolution of Argentina's agricultural sector compared to what happened in other countries. The aim of this paper is to analyze the global market for agricultural products in a period when the Great Depression and World War make inevitable to study the global context to understand any national economy. Thus, on the basis of the existing literature and statistical data of the International Agricultural Institute in Rome (after creation of the UN renamed FAO) and the UN world trade database (UN Comtrade), we will study the evolution of world trade in the industry and its relationship to the development of Argentine agriculture. We will analyze the crisis of the agricultural world market between 1930 and 1945 and the changes it suffered in the postwar. These changes in turn influenced the transformation of the argentine agricultural sector from the 60´s, with a significant process of modernization and the emergence of new crops such as soybean, and new markets such as Asia. ; Les années qui séparent la crise de 1930 et la Seconde Guerre Mondiale sont connues dans l'historiographie agricole de l'Argentine comme étant les années de «stagnation». En effet, la croissance de la production agricole qui a été enregistré à la région Pampéen depuis la fin du XIXe et figée et avoir même diminué. La plupart des travaux durant cette période étaient centrées sur des essaies à-propos des politiques nationales sur le secteur, les comportements des producteurs et aussi les différentes questions liées à la structure sociale de l'agriculture a La Pampa. Très peu de chercheurs qui ont analysé le marché mondial agricole et en même temps d'y essayé de comprendre l'évolution de l'agriculture argentine en termes de ce qui se passait au niveau international. L'objectif de ce travail est d'analyser le marché mondial des produits agricoles dans une période de grande dépression et de seconde guerre mondiale, ce qui rende incontournable l'étude globale du contexte pour comprendre n'importe quelle économie nationale. Ainsi, à partir de la littérature existante et des statistiques de l'Institut international de l'agriculture à Rome (après la création du l'ONU renommé FAO) et la base de données du commerce international de l'ONU (Comtrade), des recherches ont été faites sur l'évolution du commerce mondial agricole et ses interrelations avec l'évolution du secteur agricole de l'Argentine. Des analyses aussi ont été faites sur la crise du marché alimentaire mondial entre 1930 et 1945 et les modifications post-guerre, des changements qui, à son tour influencé la transformation qui relance le secteur agricole Pampéen a partir des années 1960, en plein processus de modernisation et de l'émergence de nouvelles cultures comme le soja, ainsi que de nouveaux marchés comme l'Asie. ; 35-50 ; guillecade@gmail.com ; semestral

Objective We explore the relationships between objective communication patterns displayed during virtual team meetings and established, qualitative measures of team member effectiveness. Background A key component of teamwork is communication. Automated measures of objective communication patterns are becoming more feasible and offer the ability to measure and monitor communication in a scalable, consistent and continuous manner. However, their validity in reflecting meaningful measures of teamwork processes are not well established, especially in real-world settings. Method We studied real-world virtual student teams working on semester-long projects. We captured virtual team meetings using the Zoom video conferencing platform throughout the semester and periodic surveys comprising peer ratings of team member effectiveness. Leveraging audio transcripts, we examined relationships between objective measures of speaking time, silence gap duration and vocal turn-taking and peer ratings of team member effectiveness. Results Speaking time, speaking turn count, degree centrality and (marginally) speaking turn duration, but not silence gap duration, were positively related to individual-level team member effectiveness. Time in dyadic interactions and interaction count, but not interaction length, were positively related to dyad-level team member effectiveness. Conclusion Our study highlights the relevance of objective measures of speaking time and vocal turn-taking to team member effectiveness in virtual project-based teams, supporting the validity of these objective measures and their use in future research. Application Our approach offers a scalable, easy-to-use method for measuring communication patterns and team member effectiveness in virtual teams and opens the opportunity to study these patterns in a more continuous and dynamic manner.

The volume is divided into three sections: cultural transmissions, fractured memories, and nostalgia, to individuate through cultural products--films, poetry, fiction, architectural buildings, autobiographical writing, and social media--the dynamics of memory within Italian culture from World War II to the contemporary times.

The book critically analyzes the ongoing changes in the regional, intra-regional, and global dynamics of cooperation, from a multi-disciplinary and pluralist perspective. It is based on the insight that in a post-hegemonic world the formation of regions and the process of globalization can be largely disconnected from the orbit of the US, and that a plurality of power and worldviews has replaced US hegemony. In spite of these changes, most existing analyses of current changes in the world order still rely upon Western-centered approaches, and Westphalian thinking. Against this backdrop, the book proposes to advance a truly global IR understanding of the post-hegemonic world, and weaves together the pluralist and multi-disciplinary perspectives of scholars located all around the world.