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The body of enquiry known as economics grew out of the practical needs of economic life and statesmanship, and also out of philosophical speculation on the nature of man and society. Adam Smith reflects both aspects, but I would locate him predominantly in the philosophical wing. When he switched from considering the theory of moral sentiments to dealing with the causes of the wealth of nations, I don't believe that he saw himself as engaging in a fundamentally different mode of enquiry. He was, of course, concerned with practical questions--of ethical behaviour in the one case and of economic policy in the other--but discussion of both was from a broad philosophic viewpoint. Ricardo, on the other hand, seems to me to exemplify, and at a high level, someone who falls predominatly in the other wing. Although his thought was abstract, it was much more an attempt to deal pragmatically with important issues of practice than it was an attempt, in the philosophical tradition, to understand the general nature of men's interaction in society. Indeed, utilitarianism by then offered a strictly philosophic rationale for concern with practice (albeit a piggish one in some eyes) which did much to confound and confuse the dual origins of economics. Mill and Sidgwick, among others, maintained the tradition of a close connection between philosophical and economic enquiry, within the framework of a broadened utilitarianism, and the continuing affinity of the two disciplines has been exemplified more recently in the work of writers such as Rawls and Sen, not to mention the recent upsurge in discussion of economic methodology.

Frontmatter --Inhalt --Vorwort der Herausgeberinnen und Herausgeber --I. Die Ordnung der Zeitgeschichte --Konturen von 'Ordnung' in den Zeitschichten des 20. Jahrhunderts --Die deutsche Geschichte in den Zeitbögen des 20. Jahrhunderts --Internationale Geschichte als Systemgeschichte. Strukturen und Handlungsmuster im europäischen Staatensystem des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts --Soziale Demokratie als transnationales Ordnungsmodell im 20. Jahrhundert --Deutschlands 20. Jahrhundert im Wandel zeithistorischer Narrative --II. Suchbewegungen in der Moderne. Fortschrittsskepsis, Antihistorismus und die Krise des Liberalismus --Mensch, Maschine, Zeit. Fortschrittsbewußtsein und Kulturkritik im ersten Drittel des 20. Jahrhunderts --Suchbewegungen in der Moderne. Religion im politischen Feld der Weimarer Republik --Weimar als Modell: Der Ort der Zwischenkriegszeit in der Geschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts --Die Ordnung der Zeit im nationalsozialistischen Herrschaftssystem --Antifaschismus und Emigration: Transfers und Verflechtungen im beginnenden Ost-West Konflikt --III. Ost-West-Konflikt, Westernisierung und das Ende des Booms --Im Kampf um 'Frieden' und 'Freiheit': Über den Zusammenhang von Ideologie und Sozialkultur im Ost-West-Konflikt --Dimensionen von Amerikanisierung in der deutschen Gesellschaft --Westernisierung. Politisch-ideeller und gesellschaftlicher Wandel in der Bundesrepublik bis zum Ende der 60er Jahre --Nach dem Boom: Brüche und Kontinuitäten der Industriemoderne seit 1970 --Der Epochenbruch in den 1970er-Jahren: Thesen zur Phänomenologie und den Wirkungen des Strukturwandels "nach dem Boom" --Nachweis der Erstveröffentlichungsorte

This article investigates the purpose and workings of EU competition law and policy. More specifically, it scrutinizes the claim that sustainable consumption and production (SCP) requires flexible rather than strict enforcement of Article 101 TFEU. Proponents of flexible antitrust argue that SCP requires sector-wide private coordination since manufacturers of sustainable products suffer from first mover disadvantage if consumers may opt for cheaper, less sustainable products. Four main policies have been put forward to legitimize flexible antitrust. Building on the constitutional context, a first policy uses a broad welfare standard to balance competition and sustainability under Article 101(3). Based on the more economic approach, a second policy balances both interests under Article 101(3), provided that a net welfare gain is evidenced in quantitative terms. Grounded in the legitimate objective doctrine introduced in Wouters, a third policy balances both interests under Article 101(1). Motivated by the useful effect doctrine, a fourth policy aims to circumvent antitrust by allowing the government to declare private sector initiatives generally binding. This article questions all four policies. Based on a coherent integration of principle and practice, it shows that strict competition enforcement is the legitimate and effective way forward to achieve SCP. Problems of under-regulation are to be addressed by the regulatory state and require proper articulation of state policy in order to preclude antitrust accountability.

AbstractRonald Coase had a profound impact on scholarship worldwide, and not for his ideas alone. Coase's ideas about transaction costs, the nature of the firm, the role of government, and the problem of social cost have been hugely influential. Throughout his long life, he also worked to change the conduct of economics, urging economists to ground their conclusions in careful study of empirical reality rather than theories that work only on the blackboard. Less well known, perhaps, is his work to nurture and shape the emerging fields of law and economics and new institutional economics, or his support to young scholars studying institutional issues around the world. In his final years, he was preoccupied by the rapid transformation of China and the institutional structure of production. This article summarizes Coase's significant intellectual contributions to economics, pointing out along the way some of the traits that made him such a powerful thinker and exceptionally influential scholar.

2019/2020 jährten sich die Friedliche Revolution und die Deutsche Einheit zum 30. Mal; zudem lag die erstmalige Gründung des Freistaates Sachsen 100 Jahre zurück. Der Freistaat Sachsen hat den Jubiläen hohen Stellenwert und Aufmerksamkeit beigemessen, Veranstaltungen ausgerichtet und ein Förderprogramm aufgelegt. Zur Dokumentation und Präsentation der Ergebnisse des Förderprogramms, der Projekte und der Veranstaltungen anlässlich der Jubiläen hat die Sächsische Staatskanzlei die Broschüre »Revolution und Demokratie. Sachsen in den Umbrüchen des 20. Jahrhunderts« herausgegeben. In der Broschüre sind die vielfältigen Aktivitäten Sachsens dargestellt. Zudem finden die Leser eine Darstellung der geschichtlichen Ereignisse selbst. Zielgruppen der Broschüre sind insbesondere Besucher von Veranstaltungen, die geförderten Projektträger, Mitglieder des Beirats zum Förderprogramm, Schüler sowie allgemein interessierte Bürger. Redaktionsschluss: 10.12.2020

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- 1. Introduction -- Chapter Outlines -- 2. The Philosophical and Psychological Background: British Empiricism and Psychological Hedonism -- Introduction -- British Empiricism -- Bentham's Utilitarianism -- Associationism -- Conclusions -- 3. Classical Economists: Psychological Assumptions and Economic Motives -- Introduction -- Adam Smith (1723-1790) -- Other Classical Economists: Whately, Longfield, Cairnes, Senior, and Rae -- John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) -- Conclusions -- 4. The Precursors of Marginalists: Utility and the Subjective/Psychological Theory of Value -- Introduction -- Three Main Precursors: Lloyd, Banfield, and Gossen -- The Work of Richard Jennings: The Peak of the Early Interaction between Economics and Psychology -- Conclusions -- 5. Economics and Psychology during and after the Marginal Revolution -- Introduction -- First Marginalist Generation: Homo Economicus -- Psychological Hedonism in Early Neoclassical Economics -- The Emergence of the Paretian Turn -- Anti-Psychologism: The Completion of the Paretian Turn -- Conclusions -- 6. The Role of Psychology in the Non-Mainstream Tradition: Old Institutionalists, Herbert Simon, and Other Dissenters -- Introduction -- Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929): Critique and Alternatives to Hedonistic Psychology -- Old Institutionalist Economics and Psychology -- J. M. Keynes (1883-1946) and Psychological Processes -- The Psychological Economics of George Katona (1901-1981) -- The Behavioural Economics of Harvey Leibenstein (1922-1994) -- Herbert Simon (1916-2001): Procedural Rationality -- Tibor Scitovsky (1910-2002): Lessons from Psychology -- Social Status: James Duesenberry (1918-2009) and Fred Hirsch (1931-1978) -- Conclusions -- 7. Economics and Psychology: Current Trends.

10 The foreign exchange market -- 11 Balance of payments and national accounts -- 12 The role of the exchange rate in the adjustment process in a partial equilibrium framework -- 13 The role of income changes in the adjustment process -- 14 The absorption approach and interactions between exchange rate and income in the adjustment process -- 15 Money and other assets in the adjustment process under fixed exchange rates -- 16 Money and other assets in the adjustment process under flexible exchange rates -- 17 International capital movements and other problems -- 18 Fixed versus flexible exchange rates -- 19 International liquidity and international financial markets -- 20 The problem of integration between the pure theory of international trade and international monetary economics -- Name Index.

This report, by the co-chairs of the T20 process during Germany's G20 Presidency, presents 20 key policy recommendations for G20 policy-makers and stakeholders. The policy recommendations are formulated concisely to be easily accessible to those seeking a short summary of the main conclusions. Readers who are interested in the detailed recommendations are referred to the Policy Briefs in the G20 Insights Platform (www.g20-insights.org). This report includes only a selection of policy recommendations that have been chosen for their novelty, ease of implementation and relevance to the G20 during the German Presidency. The G20 Insights Platform contains the full range of T20 policy recommendations. ; Dieser Bericht, der von den Co-Chairs des T20-Prozesses (Think 20) während der deutschen G20-Präsidentschaft 2017 vorgelegt wurde, enthält 20 wichtige politische Empfehlungen für politische Entscheidungsträger und Interessengruppen rund um die G20. Die Politikvorschläge sind in Kurzform formuliert, um für diejenigen leicht zugänglich zu sein, die eine Zusammenfassung der wichtigsten Schlussfolgerungen suchen. Leser, die an den detaillierten Empfehlungen interessiert sind, werden auf die Policy Briefs auf der G20 Insights Plattform (www.g20-insights.org) verwiesen. Dieser Bericht enthält nur eine Auswahl von Politikempfehlungen, die aufgrund ihrer Neuartigkeit, ihrer einfachen Umsetzbarkeit und ihrer Relevanz für die G20 während der deutschen Präsidentschaft ausgewählt wurden. Die G20 Insights Plattform enthält die gesamte Bandbreite der T20-Politikempfehlungen.

This collection of essays comprises some of Rudolf Richter's important contributions to research on New Institutional Economics (NIE). It deals with the central idea, principles, and methodology of New Institutional Economics and explores its relation to sociology and law. Other chapters examine applications of NIE to various microeconomic and macroeconomic issues in the face of uncertainty, from entrepreneurship to the euro crisis.