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Accountability is a crucial element of governance. Nonprofit organizations are typically accountable to multiple stakeholders and often "do" accountability in multiple ways. But what happens when a nonprofit organization is highly dependent on a single source of funding? This article provides an empirical exploration of this issue. It draws on a longitudinal case study of one nonprofit organization in the United Kingdom that is highly dependent on a single funder to examine how accountability is constructed and enacted, with a focus on the board. It critically examines accountability processes through direct observation of board and committee meetings and in-depth interviews with board members. The analysis shows how board members work to construct broader forms of accountability beyond accountability to the funder, but then struggle to enact them. This article provides in-depth insight into the challenges that nonprofit board members face and offers a rare example of observational research on board behavior.

AbstractIndustry has organized increasingly effective self-governance initiatives since the 1980s. Almost all of these are based on the economic leverage of large retailers and manufacturers over their worldwide supply chains. This article documents commonalities in six of the best-studied examples—coffee, dolphin-safe tuna, fisheries, lumber, food processing, and artificial DNA—and offers straightforward economic and political theories to explain them. The theories teach that oligopoly competition can strongly constrain private power so that firms are answerable to a shadow electorate of consumers. Furthermore, rational firms often benefit from ceding significant power to suppliers and NGOs. These results extend traditional arguments that free markets constrain private power and suggest an explicit framework for deciding when private politics are legitimate.1

This study examines the impact of the use of currency derivatives on firm value using a sample of non-financial foreign firms from 14 countries of the European Union that are cross-listed on major stock exchanges between 2005 and 2015. All the results are obtained from an OLS regression and also from the quantile regression approach, to correct standard errors from within cluster dependence. We hypothesize that currency derivatives use is associated with firm value in companies with a strong firm-specific and country-specific corporate governance. The results reveal a positive association between the use of currency derivatives and firm value in firms which have strong internal corporate governance and from countries with Scandinavian Civil Law. This could mean that in the European context the legal family with the strongest investor protection rights is the Scandinavian family. We also found evidence that the legal family with the lowest investor protection rights is the French Commercial Code. This study is important for all the investors that want to understand which countries have the best mechanisms to protect them.

In the 1990s, liberal optimism permeated the study and practice of international politics. International institutions were strengthened and the discourse and practice of global governance consolidated as a new approach to world affairs. Today, new powers are emerging in this institutionalized order. New powers have changed the power relations that underpinned global governance and are also economically, politically, and culturally different from established powers. Against this backdrop, this article investigates the impacts emerging powers are having on global governance. It presents six major trends and outlines their implications for the new global governance currently taking shape. Because new powers are emerging in an already institutionalized order, the emerging global governance order is gradually growing out of the existing one. Emerging powers are rendering parts of global governance dysfunctional, layering onto it, complicating it, but not overthrowing it. ; Zugl.: Accepted Manuscript (Postprint) von Stephen, Matthew D. (2021): Emerging Powers and Emerging Trends in Global Governance, in: Kurt Mills and Kendall Stiles (Eds.), Understanding Global Cooperation. Twenty-Five Years of Research on Global Governance, ISBN 978-90-04-46260-1, Brill, Leiden, Niederlande, 2021, pp. 445-465, doi:10.1163/9789004462601_025.

Since the introduction of the HIPC Initiative in the early 2000s, indebted LICs had to show a decent governance performance before their debts were forgiven. We discuss the hypothesis that during the follow-up, Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative (MDRI), the World Bank has refrained from this policy, and that debt relief decisions are rather politically driven. We test different political economy theories by applying panel models to a set of debtor and creditor countries, respectively. Our main finding shows, that improvements in governance quality led to higher levels of debt forgiveness in 2000-2004, but not in the subsequent periods.

Longstanding concerns about the European Union's (EU) quest for democratic legitimacy are ever more acute. Many think such concerns can be best addressed if European institutions would become more effective crisis-managers. Stronger performance supposedly reinforces the EU's democratic credentials. This article rejects such 'output' oriented accounts as specious for assessment of the EU's democratic legitimacy. Drawing on Oakeshott's political theory, we argue that stronger performance addresses the desirability rather than democratic legitimacy of EU governance. We apply this insight as a heuristic device to consider the election of the Commission president and network governance.

Chapter 4 of the book The Social Dynamics of Open Data. ; Published by African Minds.

This chapter critically examines the new environmental governance, a novel innovation in legal thinking and practice that offers a pathway for operationalizing resilience. New governance relies heavily upon participatory dialogue and deliberation, flexibility, inclusiveness, multi-level and integrated approaches, knowledge generation and processes of learning and adaptation. These features enable new governance to addresses many of the critical challenges demanded by resilience theory, because it explicitly seeks to allow different scopes of risk to be managed at different levels and engages a larger number of actors to facilitate experimentation and learning in the face of uncertainty. This chapter highlights the contours of the new environmental governance, its growth as a new form of legal jurisprudence, its relationship to broader resilience thinking and its position as an approach that can administer and operationalise resilience. The advantages of new governance and its limits for adaptively managing change in social and ecological systems are examined in detail. The analysis reveals that although new governance holds significant promise, it has often struggled to fulfil its adaptive and flexible aspirations and overcome barriers of unequal power and resources. It concludes by setting out emerging issues for understanding and reforming new environmental governance and its approach to managing resilience.

This paper collects notes and reflections emerging from the survey of three volumes published in the Earth System Governance MIT Press series, dealing with issues of world politics, international institutions, consensus, deliberative democracy, and leadership of global governance in the dawn of the Anthropocene. The gathering arguments of the texts discussing the social, cultural, economic, and practice difficulties actually hindering the transition to a viable society worldwide ruled according to safe conditions for the environmental cycles and living beings. Progressively, the series unpacks implications for global-scale governance at the epoch of the ever-increasing impact of men. Authors consider Earth governance offering analytical insights and normative perspectives on the possible implementation modalities, including questions on democratic means and the possible role of national and transnational organizations to achieve sustainability, before the irreversible destruction of the biodiversity wealth constituted on Earth through entire eons.

Munculnya studi etika, dalam tataran teoritis, khususnya dari perspektif administrasi publik, terlihat dari adanya evolusi perhatian pemikiran administrasi secara bertahap bergeser dari murni struktural danaspek fungsional dariorganisasi dan manajemen untuk pertanyaan tentang kepemimpinan dan motivasi awalnya dan kemudian bergeser ke studi perilaku yang tepat atas dasar standar etika dan normatif tertentu. Begitupun dengan adanya penetrasi aspek politik ke administrasi publik, atau dari sekedar implementasi ke formulasi. Dengan demikian, etika publik diperlukan dalam rangka membangun etika tidak hanya di lingkungan birokrasi pemerintah (eksekutif) melainkan juga lembaga politik, maupun lembaga negara lainnya. Hal ini penting, mengingat praktik atau perilaku pelanggaran etika publik seperti halnya korupsi dapat terjadi pada semua level pemerintahan saat ini, baik korupsi politik maupun korupsi di level birokrasi.

Nach Jahrzehnten in denen der Agrarsektor für Investoren kaum von Interesse war, ist seit 2007/08 ein erheblicher Anstieg in der weltweiten Nachfrage nach Agrarland zu beobachten. Der Mangel an sicheren und gewinnbringenden Anlageformen in Zeiten der Finanzkrise sowie der steigende Bedarf an Nahrungsmitteln und Biotreibstoff hat diesen Anstieg ausgelöst. In dieser Arbeit geben wir einen Überblick über die rasant wachsende Literatur, welche sich mit dem Thema großflächiger Landakquisitionen beschäftigt. Wir tragen dazu die verschiedenen Erkenntnisse bezüglich des Umfangs und der Akteure der Akquisitionen zusammen. Dabei legen wir einen verstärkten Fokus auf die Darstellung der Angaben der Land Matrix. Es zeigt sich, dass es sich bei den Investoren nicht, wie in den Medien zumeist dargestellt, allein um staatliche Akteure aus China und den Golfstaaten handelt. Vielmehr handelt es sich häufig um private Investoren, die ihren Sitz Europa oder in den USA haben. Des Weiteren zeigen wir die möglichen Folgen der Landakquisitionen für die Zielländer auf und diskutieren diese im Hinblick auf die politischen Implikationen.