Suchergebnisse

The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that in the current conditions economic, technological, social, cultural, and religious competition between states becomes increasingly acute. Global threats are constantly increasing which proves the need for international cooperation in this area – right now many countries around the world are working together to reduce the threat of a large-scale epidemic of acute respiratory infection. New challenges of global scale are emerging, and there are still risks of natural, man-made, bio-social, and other catastrophes that could lead to global crisis situations, which requires Russia to strengthen its role in this area. The article is devoted to the problems of selecting prospects for national innovation and technological strategies that allow giving a new impetus to international humanitarian cooperation and emergency humanitarian response. The main aspect of methodological and legal bases of innovative management in international economic cooperation is the implementation of interrelated measures that provide large-scale assistance in areas of major disasters. Materials and publications of domestic and foreign experts working in the humanitarian field were used as sources in this analysis. The main purpose of the research is to substantiate the prospects for innovative management of international cooperation in the humanitarian sphere and in the field of disaster risk reduction. In accordance with the stated purpose of the study, the key tasks of substantiating the organizational foundations for the formation of an integrated system of international emergency humanitarian response, creating a new economic model of innovative management of international cooperation in the humanitarian field in order to increase economic security were solved. The methodological foundations of the research provide for the theory of constructing a new system of economic interstate humanitarian interaction. As a result of the research, the prospective directions of international economic cooperation and humanitarian cooperation, identified on the basis of a specific historical analysis of the development of such interaction, are analyzed. The article analyzes not only theьstages of building an international humanitarian response system with different countries, but also the experience of creating institutional joint organizations in the field of ensuring life safety at the international level. On this basis, a modern economic model of innovative management of international humanitarian aid is proposed, which meets the principles and spirit of international law. Practical recommendations for increasing the importance of the Russian Federation in the international system of emergency humanitarian response are substantiated. We have developed proposals that will allow our country to make a technological breakthrough in the international humanitarian sphere. The results of the research can be applied in the formation and implementation of the national international policy of humanitarian cooperation in the field of life safety.

Economic sanctions are often said to occupy a middle space between communiqués and combat. As this description makes clear, sanctions are a political tool – but a political tool that operates through economic regulation. They are simultaneously economic and political. Their dual nature seems to place sanctions in a twilight zone, neither truly in nor out of the academic discipline of international economic law ("IEL"). Sanctions tend to be marginalized in IEL scholarship, generally taking little space in the IEL literature and at the podiums of IEL conferences and courses. While economic sanctions loom large today in headline news and the practice of international trade law, they are not proportionately represented in recent IEL literature. Rather, IEL scholarship seems content to leave sanctions to other disciplines like public international law, economics, and international relations. To be sure, sporadic controversies capture attention – but typically when they implicate other IEL concerns, as when the Helms-Burton brouhaha erupted at the then-fledgling World Trade Organization ("WTO"). This article contends that sanctions are part of IEL and they warrant more rigorous consideration in IEL scholarship. Sanctions cross both the borders between IEL and other fields, and the borders within IEL itself, thus nicely illustrating Andreas Lowenfeld's observation in his treatise on International Economic Law that "everything is related to everything else" and "the boundaries between them are inevitably blurred." These arguments are supported by a deep look at the economic sanctions programs administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control ("OFAC") of the U.S. Treasury, especially the OFAC sanctions against Cuba.

"This book is about how the rise of democracy has transformed economics over the past 150 years. As voting was expanded to the masses in the late 19th Century, political leaders faced new pressures to deliver prosperity to their newly enfranchised populations. This led to the rise of the guardian state: a state whose prime directive is to protect economic growth and employment. Domestic economic goals now became the prime directive and if that meant a failure on the international stage to construct solutions to problems in monetary or trade relations, so be it. The book traces the history of international monetary diplomacy during this period to show how the guardian state has manifested itself, and how it has shaped the course of international monetary relations. Each of the most important international monetary conferences in history are scrutinized with respect to how nations sought to protect the prosperity within their national economies. The historical narratives give a bird's eye view into how domestic political priorities have intruded on and shaped economic relations among nations. This book clearly demonstrates the advantages of an interdisciplinary understanding of how politics shapes economics. It will be invaluable reading for students and scholars of international economics, politics and economic history. Giulio M. Gallarotti is Professor of Government and a Tutor in the College of Social Studies - as well as member of the faculty of the College of the Environment - at Wesleyan University, USA. He is also Adjunct Professor of Political Science at Columbia University, USA (2018-present), and was a Visiting Professor in the Department of Economic Theory at the University of Rome, Italy (1994)"--

Why did the postcolonial Tunisian state promise development? How do these promises reverberate in the hopes and dreams of Tunisians today? And how do they fit into contemporary global capitalist structures of exploitation? Starting from the everyday life at a French factory in Tunisia this book explores the relationship between the political economy of Tunisia, postcolonial promises of the Tunisian state and the hopes and dreams of Tunisians working in the factory. It argues for taking the concept of development seriously not as a desirable policy goal but as a multi-dimensional social and political fact: as the unfolding of global capitalism, as a postcolonial nation-state project, and as a personal everyday imaginary. The book employs a longue durée perspective that analyzes contemporary desires and expectations while tracing and placing them inside Tunisia's history. It thus contributes to our understanding of state-society relations and global capitalism in Tunisia. About the author André Weißenfels is a research associate at the Otto Suhr Institute of the Free University of Berlin. His research focusses on the political economy of West Asia and North Africa as well as community decision-making processes and collective resource management.

Vol. 1: 1919-1932 / Langer, William L. ; Armstrong, Hamilton F. (Eds.); Vol. 2: 1932-1942 / Woolbert, Robert G. (Ed.); Vol. 3: 1942-1952 / Roberts, Henry L. (Ed.). - 1955. - XXII,727 S. - ISBN 0-8352-0212-7; Vol. 4: 1952-1962 / Roberts, Henry L. (Ed.). - 1964. - XXI,752 S. - ISBN 0-8352-0046-9; Vol. 5: 1962-1972 / Kreslins, Janis A. (Ed.) - 1976. - XXI,921 S. - ISBN 0-8352-0784-6

The role of verification in international relations is liked with the urge to verify which is evident throughout human history. This study focused on the evolution of this role in light of political circumstances and technological progress. Several different approaches to verification can be identified – bilateral, regional cooperation, global arrangements, and individual national efforts. Moreover, several themes characterize the existing verification regimes. These issues – namely the sharing of intelligence, managing compliance questions, and the integration of different regimes – present themselves as the negotiating ground for future years. One of the important result of the paper is that it demonstrates how the concept of verification, once a contentious political instrument, is encompassing anew actors, new frameworks, new technologies, and new fields.

Gender inequality has generated a lot of debates among scholars across disciplines. Much of these studies have not explored a robust scholarship on the historical development of gender inequality by comparing different human societies and their subsistence strategies. This review study is designed to fill this gap, thereby contributing to corpus of literature on gender inequality in economic relations. As a historical research, the study uses secondary materials. These materials are mainly ethnographies of the societies under comparison. The study compares the roles of each of the gender categories in subsistence activities, in economic systems, to trace the sources of gender inequality in economic relations. Data available suggest egalitarian gender and economic relations. However, as societies evolved, there became a gradual decline in egalitarianism, leading to marked inequality. The inequality is relative to the complexity of social structure peculiar to the societies under review.