Suchergebnisse

MUCH OF THE CONTEMPORARY DEBATE ABOUT CONSTITUTIONAL INTERPRETATION IS CARRIED ON IN THE LANGUAGE OF ACCOUNTABILITY. IN THIS ESSAY, THE AUTHOR ARGUES THAT THE CONCERN ABOUT POLITICAL ACCOUNTABILITY EXPRESSED BY ALEXANDER BICKEL AND OTHERS COMES NOT ONLY FROM AN ESTEEM FOR THE RIGHTS OF POLITICAL MAJORITIES BUT ALSO FROM A DIMINISHED BELIEF IN THE CAPACITY TO GRASP, IN ANY VERY SATISFYING WAY, THE MEANING OF THE CONSTITUTION AS A FOUNDATIONAL DOCUMENT OR ENCLOSED SET OF UNDERSTANDINGS.

THE AUTHOR DESCRIBES THE "HISTORICAL" AND "UNHISTORICAL" WAYS OF VIEWING GORBACHEV'S REFORMS. THE HISTORICAL VIEW SAYS THAT GORBACHEV'S POLICIES COULD SET INTO MOTION A HISTORICAL PROCESS NOT ONLY SIGNIFICANT IN ITS OWN RIGHT BUT ALSO RAISING HOPE FOR UNFORESEEN POSITIVE CONSEQUENCES. THE UNHISTORICAL APPROACH OBSERVES THAT IN SOME RESPECTS GORBACHEV HAS BEEN LESS BOLD THAN KHRUSHCHEV WAS 30 YEARS AGO, AND IT ALSO INSISTS UPON MAINTAINING A SOBER VIEW OF SOVIET POLITICAL POWER.

The performance of canal irrigation systems depends partly on trust by farmers in the good faith and abilities of irrigation officials. After considering agro-climatic differences between India and East Asia (Japan, Taiwan and South Korea) which influence authority and anarchy in irrigation relations, the author looks at differences in physical design and in organizational arrangements between India and East Asia and ends up by suggesting some lessons for Indian irrigation. (DÜI-Sen)

The author highlights the nature of growth of small-size enterprises in India and discusses how far the growth is accompanied by the fulfilment of objectives such as poverty eradication and the removal of regional imbalances without hampering the long-term growth prospects of the economy. The available evidence suggests that the somewhat unusual and high growth of the smallscale sector is not accompanied by efficiency, innovativeness and social justice. (DÜI-Sen)

The author believes that few regimes in history, even those led by atheists, have successfully managed to abolish religion. In Pol Pot's Democratic Kampuchea (DK) from 1975 to 1979, all religious practice was prohibited and very effectively suppressed, sometimes with great violence. This contribution explores the impact of four years of massacre and repression on a Muslim minority group that arguably suffered more repression than the Khmer Buddhist majority in the DK period. (DÜI-Sen)

After a brief look at the current state of the international division of labour, the author uses a case study of integrated circuit industry in Kyushu, Japan, to explore the link between the current state of the world economy and gender inequality in this industry in technologically advanced countries like Japan. The study concludes that the current world economy deepens gender inequality in this industry and in the labour market as a whole. (DÜI-Sen)

The author specifies and estimates a short run money demand model for Bangladesh for the period 1974-1985. After both formal and informal tests of model selection, the Laidler short run real money demand model has been found to be appropriate. Real permanent income and the expected rate of inflation have been found to be the important variables, both theoretically and statistically, in the money demand function. (DÜI-Sen)

Official development assistance (ODA) has played a pivotal role in Asia's economic development. After discussing Asia's rural transformation, the author considers the future of ODA. He thinks that the most fundamental implication of Asia's rural transformation for the future of ODA to rural Asia is that the development assistant community must recognize more fully that it is more and must continue to become more than a mere financial intermediary. (DÜi-Sen)

The author thinks that the 1980s have ushered in a period of uncertainty for the world economy. He shows in this study that during 1960s and 1970s most traditional manufacturing industries in Asia, Africa and Latin America had been growing steadily despite the shrinking shares of these industries in world total manufacturing production. The paper analyses structural change by industry in different regions of the world in both the industrial and developing countries. (DÜI-Sen)

According to the author, the radical economic reform currently under way in the PRC has substantially changed the nation's attitude to statistics. Statisticians subjected to repression during the "cultural revolution". The first attempts to revive a statistical service made in 1970. Statistics Bureau accorded the status of State commission in March 1978. Considerable development of research into statistics. Statistics Research Institute opened in March 1980. The amount of statistics provided growing every year. (DÜI-Sen)

The author, from a pro-Soviet angle, shows the flaws in South Korea's "economic miracle". Dependence of this country's industry on transnational corporations, most of which are Japanese and American. South Korea's dependence in the field of research and development resulted from its economic dependence on the USA and Japan. Increase in South Korea's foreign debt by the influx of foreign capital. Merciless exploitation of the working class in this country. (DÜI-Sen)

According to the author, the international expansion of financial capital in the 1970s-1980s has undergone changes and revealed new trends. One of them has been the extension of international financial capital's sphere of activity to developing countries. The study explores fast growth of supranational capital markets in Southeast Asia, Hongkong and Taiwan. Investments from Singapore, Hongkong and Taiwan in other countries. Trends in banking in the newly-industrialised countries and territories of Asia. (DÜI-Sen)

The uninspiring performance of the Sri Lankan manufacturing sector has been attributed, among other things, to the existence of a discriminatory incentive structure. In this contribution the author tests this hypothesis. The analysis corroborates the widely held view that there is an incentive bias in favour of import-substitution industries. The existing incentive structure is geared to the promotion of import-substituting industries which operates with certain inherent inefficiencies. (DÜI-Sen)

According to the author, in recent times the ASEAN countries have been in the focus of attention of the USA, Japan and Western Europe. The leading capitalist industrial powers have turned Southeast Asia into a sphere of their mounting political and economic interests. M. Yakovleva examines the relations of these countries with ASEAN with special reference to Japan's economic interests and the USA's military and political interests in the ASEAN countries. (DÜI-Sen)

The author thinks that China's post-Mao transition has been marked by the steady transformation of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from a revolutionary elite "oriented towards utopian goals to modernizing" China. He argues that the post-Mao reform programme functions to preserve the status quo of Party rule by its disassociating the Party from its previous ideological raison d'etre and establishing a more relevant, viable and appealing doctrine