Suchergebnisse

Stabilization policies pose such unacceptably high political risks for democratic governments in Latin America that authoritarianism is virtually a prerequisite for successful adjustment. The author reexamines this conventional wisdom by providing both a cross-sectional and diachronic analysis of the implementation of IMF programmes in Latin American countries. The study casts doubt upon the widespread assumption that democracies are singularly inept at coping with economic crisis and managing austerity programmes

The North-East of Brazil has long been faced with serious economic difficulties, especially high rates of unemployment. The problems were aggravated by the recession of the 1980s, particularly in drought-stricken rural areas. Labour market reactions to policy failures to cope with the situation included a rapid shift from the agricultural sector to non-agricultural activities. The author argues that the labour surplus cannot be absorbed by regional economic growth alone

The author discusses the domestic inputs that attempt to influence Israel's territorial policy. Two major inputs are identified: the "possessors" and the "traders". The possessors believe either that the occupied territories were endowed to Israel by a biblical promise or are essential to the state's security, or both. The possessors' counterparts are the traders, who are willing to relinquish the territories, or substantial parts thereof, in return for peace. (DÜI-Hns)

The author identifies the contractual terms in sharecropping that result in efficient use of resources. Evidence is then presented from Pakistan to comment on the manner in which landlords ensure that sharecroppers fulfil the terms. It is shown that landlords in general specify contract terms that encourage sharecroppers to adopt new techniques of production. The study concludes that share-cropping tenancies do not appear to result in output loss even when technology is changing. (DÜI-Sen)

In the first part the author shows that Lebanon, from independence on, was embroiled in a continuous crisis, culminating in the civil war of 1975. The second part discusses several of the main internal features of the current crisis. The evaluation of the present situation concludes that Lebanon is moving towards the establishment of the "Second Republic" with Muslim-Arab orientation, which in the long term will integrate in the Syrian "strategic balance" against Israel. (DÜI-Hns)

The changes in the world economic environment as well as changes in Japan's position in it called for studies of the international transfer of technology in this country. The author surveys the evolution of Japanese research on international technology transfer in relation to the above mentioned changes. He concludes that Japanese studies on technology transfer have witnessed an evolution of such matters as the factors conditioning the rooting of transferred technologies and those restricting it. (DÜI-Sen)

The article discusses major issues related to the employment of indigenous workers in human service organisations and development projects. Main motives for introducing this new type of worker and the essential tasks they perform as well as their unique attributes are presented. The author concludes that the indigenous worker is highly relevant to the South African context and that the utilization of such workers must be expanded. (DÜI-Gbh)

The purpose of the article is to assess the relationship between international terrorist attacks of the hostage taking type and the response of the targeted states. The author believes that governments are increasingly willing to use force to resolve terrorist incidents and some have adopted harsh authoritarian measures, especially in Latin America. While domestic terrorist attacks are frequent in Latin America, Europe is the common ground for international terrorist activity

The author derives a Social Interest Rate (SIR) for Trinidad and Tobago on the basis of an individualistic, independent and multiperiod consumption utility function. The component parameters of this rate are: a mortality-based pure time discount rate, the growth rate of per capita real consumption and the elasticity of marginal utility of consumption. A SIR is suggested which can be readily used by the economic planners of this country

The formation, preliminary results and problems of the PRC's unique one-child family policy are discussed. According to the author, the Peking leadership seems not to be concerned about the possible demographic, social, economic and psychological effects of their proclaimed nationwide one-child family policy. It is argued that the potential effects of this policy might be very strong. The PRC's family planning programme compared with that of Taiwan. (DÜI-Sen)

After analysing the theories that advocated the establishment of security ties between the USA and the PRC, the author discusses in brief the process of the development of security co-operation between these countries. Asian stability and peace are scrutinized in detail against the backdrop of U.S.-PRC security co-operation. Soviet reactions to the ever-growing U.S.-PRC military co-operation. Peking's decision to improve its relationship with Moscow. (DÜI-Sen)

THE IDEA OF SANCTIONS AGAINST SOUTH AFRICA HAS BEEN AROUND FOR WELL OVER THIRTY YEARS. THIS PAPER TRACES THE VARIOUS MEASURES TAKEN AGAINST SOUTH AFRICA SINCE THE IMPLEMENTATION OF APARTHEID. THE AUTHOR THEN ASKS, HOW DOES IT COME ABOUT THAT A POLICY WHICH HAS COMMANDED A MAJORITY IN THE UN FOR TWENTY YEARS HAS NOT BEEN FULLY IMPLEMENTED? THE ANSWER IS SIMPLE: RESOLUTIONS HAVE BEEN VETOED BY THE US OR BRITAIN.