Suchergebnisse

While it is recognized that effective state institutions are pivotal for economic development, it is not well understood what their origins are and what explains their cross-country differences. We focus on budget institutions in developing economies, as efficient public finance planning in such countries is crucial for public goods and services provision. We argue that political institutions, seen as stronger system of checks and balances on the executive, are a key ingredient to build such capacity. Exploiting a recent database on public financial management performance in developing economies and an Instrumental Variable strategy, we generally find that stronger constraints on the executive have a positive effect on the ability of states to design, implement and monitor the budget. Our findings are robust to different specifications, controls, and estimation methods.

This article analyses the issue of posting workers and administrative challenges in the Baltic States an d Poland. The administrative challenges are explained through administrative cooperation and information sharing/exchange between national labour inspectorates in the selected countries. The data for the analyses collected from the documentary and legal sources. The series of in-depth interviews were made with officials, experts and other interested actors that to collect data about information sharing/exchange and administrative cooperation between labour inspectorate through the Internal Market System (IMI). The results show growing need for personal and informal cooperation for exchange of administrative information in the European Administrative Space. We find that there are four advantages for information exchange through IMI: it is easier to find a responsible and coordinating authority in the Member States; it protects personal data; the information from the system is used for the purposes of legal proof or it is legitimized; and it is easier to find information. However, the strict procedural communication mode may overcome informal interactions by linked authorities or civil servants.

Examining Dambudzo Marechera's "House of Hunger," this article follows the visceral fate of what Frantz Fanon has called the "racialization of thought." Evoking the alimentary tract, especially the gut but also the various processes that take place within it, Marechera posits the visceral as a site of ambivalence that registers the collusive and resistant attitudes of bodies under colonialism and postcolonialism. While firmly linked to materiality, the visceral is also an index to mental conditions that it both conveys and reveals. Marechera's visceral is what foregrounds the body as the primary site of (post)colonial intervention, understood as both a replication and a critique of colonial violence. Placing the visceral so firmly within the alimentary tract allows Marechera to bring out the literal and metaphorical properties of consuming that, on the one hand, foreground the power inflections of eating and, on the other, intimate what can tentatively be called the homoerotics of colonialism.

peer-reviewed ; In 2016, the Tulsa Child and Family Agency received 3,042 referrals of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) (Tusla, 2017). These figures demonstrate that despite the increased awareness of CSA in Ireland, improved legislation for the protection of children, and the introduction of the 'Stay Safe' education programme, the sexual abuse of children remains a serious problem in modern Ireland. The aim of this study is to explore how to work towards reducing CSA. A qualitative method was adopted to explore the views of 12 Tusla Child and Family Agency social workers. This involved semi-structured interviews, which were subsequently analysed using thematic analysis. Findings are categorised into four overarching themes: 'Identification of risk', 'New challenges in CSA – 21st century risk factors', 'The Irish cultural context', and 'Response to and prevention of CSA'. Findings are related to existent literature, and implications are outlined for theory, clinical practice, policy and research.

While the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in the treatment of substance use disorders (SUD) has attracted substantial research attention, little consideration has been given to parallel implementation of complementary and alternative medical (CAM) practices. Using data from a nationally representative sample (N = 299) of U.S. substance abuse treatment programs, this study modeled organizational factors falling in the domains of patient characteristics, treatment ideologies, and structural characteristics, associated with the use of art therapy and music therapy. We found that 36.8% of treatment programs offered art therapy and 14.7% of programs offered music therapy. Programs with a greater proportion of women were more likely to use both therapies, and programs with larger proportions of adolescents were more likely to offer music therapy. In terms of other treatment ideologies, programs' use of Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) was positively related to offering art therapy, while use of Contingency Management (CM) was positively associated with offering music therapy. Finally, our findings showed a significant relationship between requiring 12-step meetings and the use of both art therapy and music therapy. With increasing use of CAM in a diverse range of medical settings, and recent federal legislation likely to reduce barriers in accessing CAM, the inclusion of CAM in addiction treatment is growing in importance. Our findings suggest treatment programs may be utilizing art and music therapies to address unique patient needs of women and adolescents.

It is the contention of this introduction that examples are important prisms through which both reality and anthropological analysis are thought and, equally importantly, reconfigured. The aim of the introduction is to redress the theoretical disregard for exemplification by exploring the persuasive and evocative power – positive and negative – of 'examples' in social and academic life while also proposing exemplification as a distinct anthropological way of theorizing. Such theorizing points to a 'lateral' rethinking of the relation between the particular and the general. Our central argument is that examples highlight the precarious tension between the example as 'example' and the example as 'exemplar'. All contributions to this special issue, in one way or another, explore this tension between the unruliness of examples and the stability‐enhancing power of exemplarity. The introduction further proposes that the example serves to confuse ontological divides, such as the one between theory and ethnography, and also draws attention to the fact that theory is as much suggestive as descriptive.

Discusses abuse and neglect such as female genital mutilation (FGM), child sexual assault, child labor, female infanticide, prostitution, forced marriages, war victimization, and cultural child-rearing practices; recommendations.

All 50 States have passed legislation to protect elderly victims of domestic abuse and neglect. Forty-two States have mandatory reporting laws, with health care providers considered the major professional referral service.This exploratory study of State health departments had as its goals (a) the identification of administrative awareness regarding the State law, (b) the perception of difficulties encountered in the reporting process, and (c) the development of procedures, such as written materials or training curriculum, to assist health personnel with the reporting responsibilities. The study was carried out between April and October 1989. A brief questionnaire was mailed to State health department directors. All 50 States responded, although the respondents represented varying disciplines and staff responsibilities within the health departments or were from agencies that the State had designated to investigate elder abuse. These data should be considered preliminary and suggestive of service needs. The results demonstrated an inverse relationship between awareness of the laws or regulations and specific activities to support the reporting process. Ninety-four percent of respondents were aware of the State law, but only 20 to 28 percent reported the use of written procedures or training materials specifically designed for health personnel. At the same time, approximately one-third were aware of reporting issues that needed to be addressed, including staff unfamiliarity with the regulations, concerns of confidentiality, and uneasiness about reporting in general. Part of the reason for what appears to be inactivity on the part of the State departments of health may lie in the fact that elder abuse reporting laws tend to place implementing authority with human service, aging, or law enforcement agencies rather than with health departments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)