Suchergebnisse

Responding to crucial challenges in urban and rural development led the United Nations decide on the New Urban Agenda as well as the 2030 Agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The progress made in implementing the New Urban Agenda is referenced against the SDGs and vice versa. In order to understand the spatial patterns which SDGs produce, a national and supranational spatial perspective is taken on SDG 11 "Inclusive, Safe, Resilient and Sustainable Cities and Communities". While data availability determines the analysis, national or even supranational programmes support respective development and change. The chapters visualise the spatial analysis of SDG 11. Alternating maps illustrate the spatial perspective on SDG 11 in India, Germany and Europe by taking manifold national as well as supranational views wherever feasible.

Gender inequality in the labor market has long been a source of concern in the global human rights and development agenda, it's not just a necessary human right but it's a precondition for economic development. Despite the realization of some MDGs, SDGs, and Agenda 2030 goals, women in SSA continue to be marginalized. Notably, SSA nations have eliminated 66.45 percent of gender disparities in general. The region, in specific, has achieved remarkable strides toward gender parity in education, reducing the gap by approximately 88 percent, 98 percent in health, and 71 percent in economic participation. However, there exist major gender differences in political empowerment, where only 21.8% of the gender gap has been closed. The study recommends that SSA countries should fully implement and live up to the requirements of the ILO and UN conventions and treaties on gender equality for economic prosperity.

A promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável orientada pela Agenda 2030 é monitorada por um conjunto de indicadores propostos pelas Nações Unidas. O sexto objetivo desta Agenda ressalta a necessidade de oferecer água limpa e saneamento para todos. Neste artigo há uma leitura crítica dos resultados brasileiros usando o marco dos direitos humanos à água e ao saneamento. Através de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, a análise qualitativa dos dados publicado pela Agência Nacional de Água e Saneamento permitiu apontar avanços e limitações no acesso aos serviços de abastecimento de água e esgoto. Resultou ser necessária uma maior desagregação das informações coletadas pois as diferenças regionais apontadas, com um atraso mais evidentes nas regiões Norte e Nordeste, escondem desigualdades que se somam as desigualdades estruturais, agravando o bem-estar dos grupos mais fragilizados da sociedade brasileira.

This article articulates and analyses the tension between universalism and national ownership in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It focuses on the context of Vietnam as a one-party state, committed to the SDGs, that combines socialist commitments and capitalist aspirations. The SDGs have been critiqued from many angles, and 'national ownership' is pivotal to an evaluation of these competing perspectives. The article examines how far, in the tension between global commitments and national ownership, the SDG agenda itself is compromised. Using the set of goals, targets and indicators as well as cross-cutting foundational principles championed by the Agenda 2030, i.e. 'leave no one behind', 'multi-stakeholder participation' and 'indivisibility', the article sheds light on the dynamics of Vietnam's national ownership of the SDGs and reflects on what this means for the SDGs.

Postkoloniale Kritik zeigt den Eurozentrismus der Diskurse und Praktiken um "Entwicklung" auf. Der Band eröffnet Perspektiven zur Bekämpfung globaler Ungleichheit jenseits einer eurozentrischen Weltsicht. Die AutorInnen analysieren die kolonialen Kontinuitäten der gegenwärtigen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit, erkunden dekoloniale Strategien in Forschung und Praxis und skizzieren gelebte Alternativen im Sinne des Post-Development. Julia Schöneberg ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin an der Universität Kassel im DFG-Projekt "Theorizing Post-Development. Towards a reinvention of development theory". Aram Ziai ist Leiter des Fachgebiets Entwicklungspolitik und Postkoloniale Studien an der Universität Kassel. Mit Beiträgen von Frauke Banse, Anne-Katharina Wittmann, Albert Denk, Esther Kronsbein, Christine Klapeer, Julia Plessing, Meike Strehl, Julia Schöneberg, Gabriela Monteiro und Ruth Steuerwald, Fiona Faye, Jacqueline Krause und Joshua KwesiAikins.

In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution on the implementation of a new paradigm of the world development – the sustainable development. In the aforementioned resolution, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were formulated with the prospect of their implementation by 2030. The aim of the paper is to perform a multicriteria assessment of the level of financial support for the process of achieving the SDGs determined on the basis of the 2030 Agenda in Poland and Ukraine. The analysis focused on the Polish and Ukrainian regions adjacent to the external border of the EU. The subject matter of the research comprises theoretical, methodological and practical rules for performing this assessment, which can be useful for local authorities of the border regions in their decisionmaking. The research period, covering the years between 2017 and 2019, has been determined on the basis of the availability of statistical data. The 17 predefined SDGs (identified at a global level by the 2030 Agenda) have been divided into three components: social, economic and environmental. The multi-criteria assessment was performed on the basis of the index method, which involved the gradual defining of individual indexes (measures), group indexes (corresponding with the SDGs), cross-group indexes (corresponding with the components), and an integral index for specific border regions and border areas of Poland and Ukraine. The study confirmed the hypothesis that the border regions of Poland received significantly higher financial support for the implementation of the SDGs than the border regions of Ukraine. However, in all the studied regions during the research period these indexes saw a negative, downward trend. It has been concluded that the available statistical data are insufficient for the full measurement of the contribution of particular sources and areas of financing to the implementation of the SDGs. Therefore, creating an international database dedicated to this purpose has been recommended.

The article presents an overview and analysis of international legal regulations on climate change. The authors examine how the international regime related to climate change has evolved in multilateral agreements. A special focus is put on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities which became the basis of discord among states in discussing targets and responsibilities in climate change mitigation. The authors note that in 2015 the international climate change regime entered a new stage where the most important role is determined for developing countries, both in the legal and in the financial infrastructure, and in the formation of an international climate change policy. The importance of the participation of Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS) in an international climate change regime has been recognized for some time. The article describes the policy and regulations on climate-related issues in BRICS. The authors compare the key actions and measures BRICS have taken for complying with international climate change documents. They highlight that global climate change action cannot be successful without BRICS countries' involvement. BRICS must therefore make adequate efforts in emissions reduction measures and significant commitments in respect of the international climate change regime. The authors propose three major steps for BRICS to take the lead in dealing with climate change. First, BRICS need to foster further discussion and cooperation on climate issues and work out an obligatory legal framework to fight climate change collectively as well as unified legislation at their domestic levels. Second, Russia and other BRICS countries have the potential to cooperate in the field of renewable energy through the exchange of technology, investment in the sector, and the participation of their energy companies in each other's domestic market. Assuming Russia will support the development and enhancement of renewable technologies in BRICS countries, it can take a leadership position in the group. Third, in the international process of tackling climate-related issues BRICS should act as a bloc. Russia's distancing itself from its partners is considered a deficiency in strengthening the BRICS countries' role in global governance. BRICS are capable of serving as a vigorous platform in driving climate change negotiations leading to effective binding regulations in 2020–2030 and, provided that the countries cooperate successfully, BRICS will carry the combined weight of the entire group in the global arena.

AbstractThe biggest barrier to an egalitarian Sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) appears to be deeply ingrained structural obstacles and gender imbalances. The significant prevalence of gender inequities, which have both structural and economic ramifications, must be addressed if SSA is committed to achieving the Africa 2063 Agenda (the Africa we want) and Sustainable Development Agenda 2030: gender equity and equality, and economic development. Using partial least squares simultaneous equation modeling (PLS‐SEM), this study examines the effects of gender inequality and occupational segregation on economic growth in Sub‐Saharan Africa. The explanatory power of the structural path model indicated that 17.3% of the variations in latent endogenous variable economic growth in SSA are explained by gender inequality and occupational segregation. This is evidence that gender inequality and occupational segregation account for a significant portion of economic growth in the SSA region. The results of a bootstrapping simulation indicate that, in SSA nations, the direct impact of gender inequality on economic growth is insignificant (β = 0.068, p > 0.05) while occupational segregation, macroeconomic policies, and globalization have a significant impact. However, the indirect effects of both gender inequality (β = −0.048, p < 0.05) and occupational segregation (β = −0.011, p < 0.05) on economic growth via the coordinating power of macroeconomic policy and globalization are significant. This demonstrated that macroeconomic policies are not gender‐neutral. It is therefore recommended that the most significant progress toward achieving an egalitarian SSA be made through an adequate fiscal policy interplay that considers the socioeconomic level of SSA people. Advocate for trade liberalization policies and globalization to benefit from the spillover effects of greater demand for female labor, which promotes gender equality and economic expansion. Even though the gender gap in education and health is closing, SSA countries should fully implement the International Labour Organization (ILO) treaties on gender equality. This will help to lessen social consumption spending and encourage investment spending, which generates returns to develop the economy in the realization of the Sustainable Development Agenda 2030 and the Africa 2063 Agenda (the Africa we want).

Over the last two decades, numerous towns have been involved in the Local Agenda 21 program in Spain, which is founded on social participation. In the wake of this initiative, the recent promotion of the new Spanish Urban Agenda by the national government seeks to implement the 2030 Agenda in municipalities nationwide. This research aims to examine the Local Agenda 21 process by using Madrid as a case study to determine the lessons learned to enable the effective application of the new Spanish Urban Agenda. A total of 3712 activities included in the action plans of the 21 districts of Madrid were analyzed to identify linkages with the Sustainable Development Goals and the targets of Sustainable Development Goal # 11 ("Sustainable cities and communities"). Methodologies used were solely oriented to develop an ad hoc Local Agenda 21 plan for each district, hindering the comparison of schemes and findings. Social, institutional, economic, and environmental dimensions of sustainable development were not equally considered by the plans, being the first two aspects the most predominant. Social engagement hardly reached 0.44% of the registered population. The contribution of all action plans to the sustainable development of Madrid was not assessed due to the absence of indicators in the program.

This document, presented by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) to its member States at its thirty-sixth session, provides an analytical complement to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development from a structuralist perspective and from the point of view of the Latin American and Caribbean countries. The proposals made here stem from the need to achieve progressive structural change in order to incorporate more knowledge into production, ensure social inclusion and combat the negative impacts of climate change. The reflections and proposals for advancing towards a new development pattern are geared to achieving equality and environmental sustainability. In these proposals, the creation of global and regional public goods and the corresponding domestic policies form the core for expanding the structuralist tradition towards a global Keynesianism and a development strategy centred around an environmental big push

Online food delivery usage has soared during the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic which has seen increased demand for home-delivery during government mandated stay-at-home periods. Resulting implications from COVID-19 may threaten decades of development gains. It is becoming increasingly more important for the global community to progress toward sustainable development and improve the wellbeing of people, economies, societies, and the planet. In this perspective article, we discuss how the rising use of these platform-to-consumer delivery operations may impede advances toward the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Specifically, online food delivery services may disrupt SDGs that address good health and wellbeing, responsible consumption and production, climate action and decent work and economic growth. To mitigate potential negative impacts of these meal delivery apps, we have proposed a research and policy agenda that is aligned with entry points within a systems approach identified by the World Health Organization. Food industry reforms, synergised public health messaging and continuous monitoring of the growing impact of online food delivery should be considered for further investigation by researchers, food industry, governments, and policy makers.

La educación para el desarrollo sostenible de la igualdad de género ha sido conceptualizada como un vehículo para la adquisición de competencias y el mantenimiento sostenible de la igualdad y equidad en el mundo. Sin embargo, a pesar del compromiso de los gobiernos e instituciones de educación superior a facilitar la formación necesaria, los egresados universitarios salen del sistema sin las competencias necesarias para un ejercicio y desarrollo profesional sensible al género. El propósito del presente estudio fue explorar el nivel de competencia en cuestiones de género examinando la eficacia percibida para una práctica sostenible de la igualdad de maestros en preservicio al término de sus estudios de grado. Con este fin, en primer lugar, se adaptó y validó la versión griega de la escala TEGEP (Teacher Efficacy for a Gender Equality Practice) y, en segundo lugar, se describieron y compararon los conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes asociadas a la educación en igualdad de género adquiridos al término de su formación por titulación y sexo. Los participantes fueron 1194 estudiantes de nueve universidades públicas griegas y cuatro titulaciones (maestros de educación primaria, de educación física, de filología griega y de ciencias) seleccionados deliberadamente, quienes respondieron a una encuesta en línea. Su edad oscilaba entre 20 y 53 años y en su mayoría eran mujeres (79%) de origen griego (98.20%). Los análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, simples y multigrupo, apoyaron una estructura factorial de 21 ítems que explica el 63.61% de la varianza, así como unos indicadores de ajuste al modelo comparables a los de la versión española de la TEGEP demostrando que la versión griega del instrumento tiene propiedades psicométricas adecuadas (buena consistencia interna, validez de constructo e invarianza factorial aceptables) para medir y evaluar las competencias en género adquiridas por los estudiantes al término de su formación. Los resultados se discuten en términos de necesidades de reforma curricular en el contexto de una educación para el desarrollo sostenible de la igualdad de género (ODS 4.7 y ODS 5). ; Education for the sustainable development of gender equality has been conceptualized as a vehicle for the acquisition of skills and the maintenance of gender equity in the world. However, despite governments and higher education institutions' commitment to provide the necessary training to future professionals, graduates leave the system without the required competencies for developing a gender-sensitive professional practice. In this context, the purpose of the present study was to explore pre-service teachers' level of gender competence by examining their perceived efficacy for practicing gender pedagogy. To this end, firstly, the Greek version of the TEGEP (Teacher Efficacy for Gender Equality Practice) scale was adapted and validated and, secondly, the pre-service teachers' specific knowledge, skills, and commitment/attitudes acquired during their studies were described and compared by degree and sex. The participants were 1,194 undergraduate students purposely selected from nine Greek public universities and four degrees (Primary Education, Physical Education, Greek Philology, and Science), who responded to an online survey. Their age ranged between 20 and 53 years and they were mostly women (79%) and Greek (98.20%). Simple and multigroup exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses supported a 21-item factorial structure that explained 63.61% of the variance, being model fit indicators comparable to those of the TEGEP-Spanish version and showing that the TEGEP-G has adequate psychometric properties (good internal consistency, construct validity, and acceptable factorial invariance), to assess gender competence. The results are discussed in terms of curricular reform needs in the context of initial teacher education for sustainable and inclusive development of gender equality (SDG 4.7 and SDG 5). ; Este trabajo financiado por el Instituto Universitarios de Investigación de Estudios de Género (IUIEG) de la Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, España (Ref. 20/01/2021).

Am 25. September 2015 verabschiedete die Generalversammlung der Vereinten Nationen die Agenda 2030 für nachhaltige Entwicklung. Sie beinhaltet 17 Ziele (SDGs), die den drei Dimensionen der Nachhaltigkeit Rechnung tragen. Die vorliegende Arbeit geht der Frage nach, welche Schritte von NGOs gesetzt werden, um das SDG 3 Gesundheit und Wohlergehen, das SDG 4 Hochwertige Bildung, das SDG 10 Weniger Ungleichheiten und das SDG 17 Partnerschaften zur Erreichung der Ziele umzusetzen. Dabei steht die soziale Dimension der Nachhaltigkeit im Vordergrund. Ergänzend wird erfasst, wo Österreich bei der Umsetzung der genannten SDGs steht und wie sich diesbezüglich die Zukunft gestalten wird. Zu diesem Zweck werden neun ExpertInnen von unterschiedlichen NGOs, die sich mit mindestens zwei der genannten SDGs befassen, im Hinblick auf deren dahingehende Aktivitäten und Einschätzungen mündlich befragt. Von diesen setzen sich in ihrer Arbeit drei mit dem SDG 3, neun mit dem SDG 4, sechs mit dem SDG 10 und sechs mit dem SDG 17 auseinander. Ziel der Arbeit ist es, am Beispiel Österreichs zu veranschaulichen, dass auch Länder des globalen Nordens Handlungsbedarf hinsichtlich der sozialen Dimension der Nachhaltigkeit haben.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass NGOs in Österreich bemüht sind, das öffentliche Interesse an den jeweiligen SDGs zu wecken und die Umsetzung der Agenda 2030 in Österreich voranzutreiben. Der Grad der Umsetzung wird aufgrund mangelnden politischen und medialen Interesses von ihnen kritisiert, was dazu führt, dass sie für Österreichs weitere Umsetzung kein positives Bild zeichnen. Die befragten NGOs, um eine Lösung bemüht, bringen konkrete Vorschläge ein, um den von Österreich eingeschlagenen Kurs zu korrigieren. ; AbstractOn September 25th 2015, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. It includes 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which accommodate three dimensions of sustainability. The present study addresses the question which actions are taken by NGOs to implement SDG 3 Good Health and Well-Being, SDG 4 Quality Education, SDG 10 Reduced Inequalities and SDG 17 Partnerships for the Goals. In the process, the social dimension of sustainability is foregrounded. Additionally, the progress of Austrias implementation of the SDGs and the question, how the future will be concerning this matter is investigated. For this purpose, nine experts from different NGOs are interviewed to hear their activities and assessments regarding this topic. Those NGOs have to deal with at least two of the four mentioned SDGs. From nine interviewed NGOs, there are three that address SDG 3, nine that address SDG 4, six that address SDG 10 and six that address SDG 17. The ambition of this study is, using the example of Austria, to demonstrate that also countries of the Global North have need to take action regarding the social dimension of sustainability.The results show that Austrias NGOs struggle to awaken public interest in the mentioned SDGs by operating activities. In this way NGOs want to push Austrias implementation of the 2030 Agenda. The degree of implementation is criticized by the NGOs because of too little political and media interest in this topic. Thats why they predict an unfavourable development for the further implementation by Austria. The interviewed NGOs are aimed to find a solution and bring concrete proposals for this to correct Austrias way. ; Karina Watko, BA ; Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der Verfasserin ; Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch ; Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2019 ; (VLID)4552194

Considerando a necessidade de se discutir o papel dos bibliotecários e das bibliotecas no contexto de fake news, na atualidade objetiva-se refletir sobre o papel dos profissionais bibliotecário para conter a propagação de notícias falsas. Para tanto, vale-se da literatura brasileira na área, que vem se mostrando bastante profícua, ao que se alia um cotejo com iniciativas de organismos internacionais, como a IFLA e a proposta da Agenda 2030. Os resultados sugerem quatro eixos que atendem ao cotejo internacional: implicações e impactos das fake news; consequências, desdobramentos e riscos das fake news; processos e meios específicos na promoção de fake news; e, por fim, aspectos da Ciência da Informação como ética da informação, paradigma social e fluxos de informação.