Suchergebnisse

This paper focuses on the concept of reference, which is transferred from English (the source language) to Arabic (the target language) differently. The data are from seven different political texts (from different websites; different translators) in order to investigate the notion properly in the target language. The data are classified based on Aziz's (1993) scale of explicitness. The findings show the capability to display various patterns and forms in the target language (TL). The tendency in Arabic is to express more explicit references than the ones in the source language (SL). A total of 377 cases exhibit changes within the degree of explicit references (340 to be more explicit while 37 to be less explicit). In addition, there are 16 tokens that show the transfer of an implicit reference to be explicit. While only one case in the data presents the opposite category. ; February 2021

Objective: The objective of this study was to establish basic reading performance that could lead to useful design recommendations for print display text formats and layouts for the improvement of reading and comprehension performance of print text, such as academic writings, books, and newspapers, of Arabic language. Background: Readability of English print text has been shown to be influenced by a number of typographical variables, including interline spacing, column setting and line length, and so on. Therefore, it is very important to improve the reading efficiency and satisfaction of print text reading and comprehension by following simple design guidelines. Most existing research on readability of print text is oriented to build guidelines for designing English texts rather than Arabic. However, guidelines built for English script cannot be simply applied for Arabic script because of orthographic differences. Method: In the current study, manipulating interline spacing and column setting and line length generated nine text layouts. The reading and comprehension performance of 210 native Arab students assigned randomly to the different text layouts was compared. Results: Results showed that the use of multicolumn setting (with medium or short line length) affected comprehension achievement but not reading and comprehension speed. Participants' comprehension scores were better for the single-column (with long line length) than for the multicolumn setting. However, no effect was found for interline spacing. Conclusion: The recommendations for appropriate print text format and layout in Arabic language based on the results of objective measures facilitating reading and comprehension performance is a single-column (with long line length) layout with no relevance of the interline spacing.