Suchergebnisse

History teaching is particularly important to increase intercultural dialogue between people who live in different countries. History textbooks should reveal history in all its complexity, promoting democratic values, tolerance, and cooperation for a better future, without creating prejudice or negative visions of others. This research is focused on history teaching referring to the recommendations of Council of Europe (COE) and their implementation in Albania and Kosovo curricula. The method used in this research integrates both qualitative and quantitative analysis referring to the content of history textbooks in a comparative approach. We used a questionnaire to understand teachers' feelings about COE recommendations and if they are implemented in history texts. Referring to the results, the recommendations of COE are not fully reflected even though they are mentioned in pre-university' curricula framework. Meanwhile, the questionnaire submitted by the teachers shows to what extent they know the COE recommendations and how much these recommendations develop student's competencies.

Received: 15 September 2023 / Accepted: 28 February 2024 / Published: 5 March 2024

Medieval universities are one of the most original creations of Western civilization. Students were educated by a plurality of masters, and scholars came from all parts of Europe. In this paper, we build an original database of thousands of scholars from university sources, and map the academic market in the medieval and early modern periods. Using a random utility model, we show that scholars tend to agglomerate in the best universities, and that this phenomenon is more pronounced within the upper tail of the talent distribution (positive sorting). The quality of scholars is measured by their publications. Agglomeration and sorting patterns testify to a functioning academic market, made possible by political fragmentation and the use of a common language (Latin). Using counterfactual simulations, we show that market forces shaped the geographic distribution of upper-tail human capital across Europe, and contributed to bolstering European universities at the dawn of the Humanistic and Scientific Revolutions.

Medieval universities are one of the most original creations of Western civilization. Students were educated by a plurality of masters, and scholars came from all parts of Europe. In this paper, we build an original database of thousands of scholars from university sources, and map the academic market in the medieval and early modern periods. Using a random utility model, we show that scholars tend to agglomerate in the best universities, and that this phenomenon is more pronounced within the upper tail of the talent distribution (positive sorting). The quality of scholars is measured by their publications. Agglomeration and sorting patterns testify to a functioning academic market, made possible by political fragmentation and the use of a common language (Latin). Using counterfactual simulations, we show that market forces shaped the geographic distribution of upper-tail human capital across Europe, and contributed to bolstering European universities at the dawn of the Humanistic and Scientific Revolutions.

Medieval universities are one of the most original creations of Western civilization. Students were educated by a plurality of masters, and scholars came from all parts of Europe. In this paper, we build an original database of thousands of scholars from university sources, and map the academic market in the medieval and early modern periods. Using a random utility model, we show that scholars tend to agglomerate in the best universities, and that this phenomenon is more pronounced within the upper tail of the talent distribution (positive sorting). The quality of scholars is measured by their publications. Agglomeration and sorting patterns testify to a functioning academic market, made possible by political fragmentation and the use of a common language (Latin). Using counterfactual simulations, we show that market forces shaped the geographic distribution of upper-tail human capital across Europe, and contributed to bolstering European universities at the dawn of the Humanistic and Scientific Revolutions.

List of Illustrations -- Preface -- Stylistic Note -- Chapter One: Social Democracy's White Terror -- Chapter Two: The Death of Giacomo Matteotti -- Chapter Three: A Posthumous Imerial Vengeance -- Chapter Four: Who Killed Sergei Kirov? -- Chapter Five: "Richard III" in Germany -- Chapter Six: A Return Visit from Austria's Tatterdemalion Son -- Chapter Seven: All Roads Lead to Rome -- Chapter Eight: Gallic Fraternite under the Third Republic -- Chapter Nine: The Hunt for Leon Trotsky -- Chapter Ten: Gallic Fraternite under Vichy's Armistice -- Chapter Eleven: The Humanist of Yesterday -- Bibliography -- Index

Intro -- Contents -- Note on Names -- Acknowledgements -- List of Figures and Tables -- Abbreviations -- Notes on Contributors -- Introduction Hungarian Medieval Economic History: Sources, Research and Methodology -- Part 1 Structures -- Chapter 1 Long-Term Environmental Changes in Medieval Hungary: Changes in Settlement Areas and Their Potential Drivers -- Chapter 2 Demographic Issues in Late Medieval Hungary: Population, Ethnic Groups, Economic Activity -- Chapter 3 Mobility, Roads and Bridges in Medieval Hungary -- Part 2 Human-Nature Interaction in Production -- Chapter 4 Agriculture in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 5 Animal Exploitation in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 6 Mining in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 7 Salt Mining and Trade in Hungary before the Mongol Invasion -- Chapter 8 Salt Mining and Trade in Hungary from the mid-Thirteenth Century until the End of the Middle Ages -- Chapter 9 The Extent and Management of Woodland in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 10 Water Management in Medieval Hungary -- Part 3 Money, Incomes and Management -- Chapter 11 Royal Revenues in the Árpádian Age -- Chapter 12 Seigneurial Dues and Taxation Principles in Late Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 13 Minting, Financial Administration and Coin Circulation in Hungary in the Árpádian and Angevin Periods (1000-1387) -- Chapter 14 Coinage and Financial Administration in Late Medieval Hungary (1387-1526) -- Part 4 Spheres of Production -- Chapter 15 The Ecclesiastic Economy in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 16 The Urban Economy in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 17 The Medieval Market Town and Its Economy -- Chapter 18 Crafts in Medieval Hungary -- Chapter 19 The Economy of Castle Estates in the Late Medieval Kingdom of Hungary -- Part 5 Trade Relations -- Chapter 20 Domestic Trade in the Árpádian Age

Medieval Hackers calls attention to the use of certain vocabulary terms in the Middle Ages and today: commonness, openness, and freedom. Today we associate this language with computer hackers, some of whom believe that information, from literature to the code that makes up computer programs, should be much more accessible to the general public than it is. In the medieval past these same terms were used by translators of censored texts, including the bible. Only at times in history when texts of enormous cultural importance were kept out of circulation, including our own time, does this vocabulary emerge. Using sources from Anonymous's Fawkes mask to William Tyndale's Bible prefaces, Medieval Hackers demonstrates why we should watch for this language when it turns up in our media today. This is important work in media archaeology, for as Kennedy writes in this book, the "effluorescence of intellectual piracy" in our current moment of political and technological revolutions "cannot help but draw us to look back and see that the enforcement of intellectual property in the face of traditional information culture has occurred before….We have seen that despite the radically different stakes involved, in the late Middle Ages, law texts traced the same trajectory as religious texts. In the end, perhaps religious texts serve as cultural bellwethers for the health of the information commons in all areas. As unlikely as it might seem, we might consider seriously the import of an animatronic [John] Wyclif, gesturing us to follow him on a (potentially doomed) quest to preserve the information commons.