Devil's Game: How the United States Helped Unleash Fundamentalist Islam
In: Foreign affairs: an American quarterly review, Band 85, Heft 2, S. 201
ISSN: 2327-7793
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In: Foreign affairs: an American quarterly review, Band 85, Heft 2, S. 201
ISSN: 2327-7793
[Introduction .] To analyze the transformation of the relations between secular states and the emerging Muslim societies in Central Asia this paper is divided into two sections. First I introduce into the cases by highlighting recent developments in religious awakening, "Islamic economics" and the "War on Terror". Second, I compare the state institutions, policies and actual practices to regulate the religious field in the five republics. I finally conclude on the politics of state engagement and the dynamics of state & society relations in Central Asia and possible further developments in Islamic economics in the region. I contend that development trajectories depend on the available space for political maneuvering that both state and society actors can use to engage one another. An open political system like the one in Kyrgyzstan promises more innovation and eventually more stable relations than a closed political system like the one in Uzbekistan, for example. Politics as an more or less open arena for exchange between opposing forces proves essential for the development of new institutions and practices, regardless of whether they are formalized or not. Only such social innovation allows states in the region to make use of Islam and religious faith in general to serve as a source for community strengthening and economic development, both much needed in the internationally pressured and politically instable region. To test my hypothesis I will rely for most parts on recent scholarly work about the "Islamic revival" in Central Asia and on research about the states' institutional settings. In addition news reports provide evidence on current events in the "War on Terror" and on "Islamic economic" practices in the region.
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In: Patterns of prejudice: a publication of the Institute for Jewish Policy Research and the American Jewish Committee, Band 30, Heft 3, S. 71-77
ISSN: 1461-7331
In: Routledge Revivals
First published in 1998, Revolutionary Iran investigates two major political transformations in the modern history of Iran: the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-09 and the Islamic Revolution 1976-79 and their relation to the modernization of Iran in this century. It addresses a core question: Why did the clergy not take political power in the Constitutional Revolution when Iran was a traditional society and they played a key leadership role in the revolution; yet they succeeded in the more modern Iran of 1979. Characterization of socio-economic relationships between the two major influential groups of civil society in Iran and their role in political transformation is considered central for answering such a question. The book deals with revolution in terms of relationships between civil society and state; which, it is argued, are central to analysing and understanding modern movements in Iran and other Islamic countries. The major contribution of the book can be summarized as follows: It identifies a socio-political division of power and influence between state and civil society during a long period of Iran's Islamic history as the key theoretical basis for understanding modern transformations of Iranian society. Such a division has, so far, been largely ignored. It explores the clergy and bazaris as the social basis of civil society in Iran, and challenges Gellner's viewpoint that an Islamic civil society is an impossibility. It argues that the modernization of religion and the creation of modern political theories by the clergy were both crucial means for defeating a modern authoritarian state and seizing political power. It identifies the main social group without whom the Islamic Revolution of Iran would not have achieved political victory, i.e., the dispossessed. It presents a theoretical basis for analysing and understanding new Islamic movements in the Islamic world.
In: Almanhal Islamic Studies E-Book Collection
In: Middle East review, Band 17, S. 23-27
ISSN: 0097-9791
In: Middle East quarterly, Band 15, Heft 2, S. 3-11
ISSN: 1073-9467
Examines the rise of Muslim doctors embracing radical ideologies. A link between religion & medicine in Islam is acknowledged, noting that doctors are sometimes seen as superior to clerics. Islamic bioethics are next outlined, asserting that in the Sunni community, in particular, there is an Islamist revision of these bioethics occurring. After discussing how Islamist groups link the provision of medical care to jihad, it is argued that some of these, eg, the Muslim Brotherhood, look to reconcile Islam & (Western) science. Attention is then given to the role of scientifically trained elites in propagating radical ideology in Iran, the advantages that doctors have in advancing jihad, & how radicalized Muslim doctors spread to the West. D. Edelman
In: Journal of democracy, Band 7, Heft 2, S. 52-89
ISSN: 1045-5736
World Affairs Online
In: Journal of Palestine studies: a quarterly on Palestinian affairs and the Arab-Israeli conflict, Band 24, Heft 4, S. 105-106
ISSN: 0377-919X, 0047-2654
In: Middle East today
Introduction-critique and change : Al-Jabri in contemporary Arab thought / Mohammed Hashas, Zaid Eyadat and Francesca M. Corrao -- Mohammed Abed al-Jabri and Ibn Khaldun : a path to modernity / Massimo Campanini -- The critique of Arab reason between al-Jabri and Tarabishi / Abdul Karim Barghouti, Jamal Daher and Nadim Mseis -- The Arab reader by al-Jabri : the question of disjunction and rejunction / Kinira Monica Carbone -- An intellectual between the Maghreb and the Mashreq : Mohammed Abed al-Jabri and the location of thought / Idriss Jebari -- Al-Jabri and his introduction to the Qur'an / Mariangela Laviano -- The international becoming of an Arab philosopher : an analysis of the non-reception of Mohammed Abedal-Jabri in Euro-American scholarship / Mohamed Amine Brahimi -- Al-Jabri in Indonesia : the Critique of Arab Reason travels to the Lands Below the Winds / Carool Kersten -- State and religion in al-Jabri's political thought / Mohsine El Ahmadi -- "Dare to be wise!" on the reception of al-Jabri post-2011 / Sonja Hegasy -- Reflections on education and culture in al-Jabri's thought / Francesca M. Corrao -- A critique of al-Jabri's Arab ethical reason / Zaid Eyadat and Hanadi Riyad -- The ethical dialectic in al-Jabri's "critique of Arab reason" / Harald Viersen -- The Arab possible state : from al-Tahtawi to al-Jabri / Mohammed Hashas
In: Telos, Heft 139, S. 133-151
ISSN: 0040-2842, 0090-6514
Explores Dante's relationship with Islam as manifest in the Divine Comedy with an eye toward critiquing Edward Said's assertion that Dante's presentation of Islam is sullied by Orientalism. It is argued that textual ambivalences challenge Said's viewpoint & that Dante's Islam is far less foreign than that; indeed, Dante's Islam is argued to be familiar & historical, geographically & theologically closer to Dante's Christianity than Said's Orientalized reading allows. Eschewing a reading according to any specific teleological arc ending in Orientalism, the Divine Comedy is read in terms of its internal poetic structure & the external historic moment in which it was written. A postcolonial perspective embodying instability & decentralization is used because, it is asserted, that a reading of pre-Enlightenment & pre-colonial works requires a different historical theorization than Said's given the discursive shifts that accompanied a shift from religiosity to secularity. Thus, the question of Islam's representation in the Divine Comedy is analyzed in light of its "extra-colonial" context. Beginning with depictions of Muslim personae in Inferno IV & XXVIII, it is contended that Dante does not conflate Islam & the Orient in the manner that Said does & that Dante's representation of Muslims is not a result of a process of radical distinction or alien exoticism, but are linked to Christianity as part of a vision of the Christian otherworld. Demonstrated is Dante's ambivalent relationship to Islam, which is revealed to be an object of a "non-Orientalized radical un-Othering.". D. Edelman
Anti-democractic thought is typically, though not always associated with the western ideology and product of secularism that is alien to Islam. In fact, there are scholars who totally reject democracy and consider it as a system, which is not only incompatible with Islam but a modern form of shirk. The struggle and failure of democracy in the Middle East seems affirming these rejectionist views. In fact, the people who have lost faith in democracy in the Arab countries now may incline towards radicalism and extremism in their political thought. The failure of democracy in the Muslim world then opens the question of compatibility of democracy with Islam. In modern context, particularly with the collapse of Islamic empire and the rise of nation states in the 20th and 21st centuries, the concept of democracy should be understood within its true meaning. This article hence aims at generating discourse pertaining to several issues on the concept of democracy from Islamic perspective within the context of pluralistic world today. This article employs analytical and critical qualitative methods in analysing the issues. In conclusion thereof, the study finds that democracy is compatible with Islamic principles. Keywords: Democracy, Islam, al-Hurriyyah, al-Hakimiyyah Demokrasi sering kali dikaitkan dengan ideologi Barat dan produk sekularisme yang asing dalam Islam. Hatta ada segelintir golongan yang menolak demokrasi secara total dan menganggapnya sebagai perbuatan menyekutukan Tuhan dan bertentangan dengan prinsip Shari'ah Islam. Insiden dan tragedi kegagalan sistem demokrasi yang berlaku di Timur Tengah seakan mengiyakan pandangan-pandangan yang mengkritik kerelevanan demokrasi di dunia Islam. Malahan, ia menerbitkan satu kegelisahan yang lain di mana warga yang sebelum ini mempunyai sedikit keyakinan pada demokrasi kini sudah mula cenderung dan memikirkan perjuangan yang lebih radikal dan ekstrim. Segala faktor ini menimbulkan persoalan tipikal yang kerap kali diajukan, adakah demokrasi itu selari dengan Islam. Dalam konteks dunia masakini khususnya setelah kejatuhan empayar Islam dan timbulnya konsep negara bangsa, konsep demokrasi ini seharusnya difahami dengan makna yang lebih luas dan terbuka sesuai dengan peredaran zaman. Sehubungan dengan itu, artikel ini bertujuan membicarakan beberapa persoalan mengenai konsep demokrasi menurut perspektif Islam sesuai dengan konteks dunia yang pluralistik pada hari ini. Artikel ini menggunakan kaedah analitis dan kritis kualitatif bagi menghuraikan isu-isu berkaitan dengan menyeluruh. Dapatan awal mendapati bahawa secara umumnya demokrasi itu adalah selari dengan prinsip-prinsip yang terkandung dalam ajaran Islam. Kata Kunci: Demokrasi, Islam, al-Hurriyyah, al-Hakimiyyah.
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Fokus utama Ekonomi Islam adalah keperluan untuk membangun dan membantu perumusan analisis dan problem solving urnat muslim guna merealisasi tujuan pemenuhan kesejahteraan atau kepuasan, disamping ekspektasi lainnya. Melalui dasar-dasar teoritik serta prinsip dan system Ekonomi Islam bahwa umat muslim akan memiliki dunia pandang mengenai issu-isu dan problematika. Disamping perilaku ekonomi atau kebijakan keuangan, yang selama ini dilandasi oleh paham dan analisis ekonomi kapitalis Barat sekuler atau liberalisasi ekonomi konvensional, dengan norma-norma Syari'ah. Prograrn dan prospek ini bukan sebagai idialis ekstrim, melainkan situasi obyektif memperlihatkan kepada arah sedemikian. Pencemaran ini seperti layaknya kecermatan para ekonom dan para kapitalis terhadap perkembangan lingkungan ekunomi, baik konvensional geografis atau struktural dalam membangun teori-teori dan paham ekonomi konvensional yang mereka anut. Ekonomi Islam bagaimanapun akan menjadi satu model alat analisis untuk umat muslim. dan akan mengurangi ketergantungan secara absolut, meski tidak secara radikal, pada alat analisis ekonomi dan keuangan konvensional, apakah kapitalis atau sosialis. Prinsip, sistem, serta karakteristik Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam. antara teoritik dan ernpirik dapat ditumbuhkan disamping secara akurat dan sistematik melalui alat-alat analisis yang dieebut dalam Ekonomi Islam. Perencanaan dan pengembangan program studi Ekonomi Islam memiliki makna yang besar dan strategis dalam tatanan pembangunan kelslaman juga dalam kehidupan serta peradaban komunitas muslim. Begitu juga pengembangannya menjadi disiplin ilmu sosial pada level akademik sangat diperlukan, kendati secara geopolitik khususnya di dataran Indonesia ada kendala formal studi yang relatif baru bagi umat muslim adalah berada dalam konteks yang benar, seiring dengan bimbingan ubudiyah dari perjalanan zaman dan tuntutan ajaran spiritual agarna yang dilandasi keimanan, dalam proses kesem-purnaan pengalaman dan kebaikan sernua anak manusia. Program pembangunan studi ...
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