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Objectives: Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunist that causes systemic infections and dental infections in the human being body. This organism increases its resistance to many categories of antibiotics all day and turn out to be more resistant, and this led to a growing feeling of concern in this era. Given this fact, the aims of this study were to determine the frequency of S. aureus in oral infections and to determine the prevalence of MRSA strains and the sensitivity of isolated S. aureus to antibiotics, in patients who attended dental clinics in major public hospitals and private clinics in the city of Sana'a-Yemen. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted for a year, early in December 2018 and ending in November 2019. The study included 296 patients, 153 male and 143 female, ages 5 to 65, with an average age of 36.2 years. Demographic and clinical data were collected in questionnaire, then pus or oral swabs were collected from patients, cultivated, isolated and identified by standard laboratory techniques. MRSA was ascertained by means of the method of disc diffusion to 1µg of oxicillin disc and 5 µg of methacillin disc; an antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out by disc diffusion method of selected antibiotics.The oral infections include dental abscesses, periodontal abscesses, gingivitis, periodentitis, dental caries, pulpitis and oral thrush. Results: Of a total of 296 cultured pus and swabs, only 217 produced a positive culture (73.3%). Gram-positive bacteria formed 67.4% of the total isolates where S. aureus was the predominant pathogen (43.1%). The prevalence of MRSA was 23.5%. There was a higher rate of antibiotic resistance tested in MRSA isolates compared to a lower rate of resistance in MSSA as well as 22.2% of MRSA isolates were vancomycin resistant, while only 11.4% of MSSA were vancomycin resistant. Conclusion: It can be concluded, S. aureus was the most widespread isolate in dental infections, high rate of MRSA, the appearance of S. aureus isolates resistant to vancomycin and other broad choice of antibiotics have raised MRSA in oral infections into a multi-drug-resistant, making it more and more hazardous in oral infections. Consistent assessment of oral associated infections and observing the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity and strict drug policy for antibiotics are recommended. Peer Review History: Received 16 March 2020; Revised 2 May; Accepted 12 May, Available online 15 May 2020 Academic Editor:Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest 'Advanced OPEN peer review' system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is 'to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript'. Our reviewers check the 'strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly'. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Mohamed Awad Mousnad,Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Africa (IUA), Khartoum, Sudan, m_abdalaziz@yahoo.com Dr. George Zhu,Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com Similar Articles: PREVALENCE OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN SANA'A, YEMEN PREVALENCE, ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN AND RISK FACTORS OF MRSA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS AMONG MILITARY PATIENTS AT 48 MEDICAL COMPOUND IN SANA'A CITY-YEMEN

For the next century to come, one of the biggest challenges is to provide the mankind with relevant and sufficient resources. Recovery of secondary resources plays a significant role. Industrial processes developed to regain minerals for commodity production in a circular economy become ever more important in the European Union and worldwide. Landfill mining (LFM) constitutes an important technological toolset of processes that regain resources and redistribute them with an accompanying reduction of hazardous influence of environmental contamination and other threats for human health hidden in former dump sites and landfills. This review paper is devoted to LFM problems, historical development and driving paradigms of LFM from 'classical hunting for valuables' to 'perspective in ecosystem revitalization'. The main goal is to provide a description of historical experience and link it to more advanced concept of a circular economy. The challenge is to adapt the existing knowledge to make decisions in accordance with both, economic feasibility and ecosystems revitalization aspects. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

BACKGROUND: Worldwide, mental health is a big problem and Saudi Arabia is not far behind in observing this. It seems that progress in the field of mental health is slow. Interventions in mental health education have resulted in positive results. Participation by family members, sensitization to care and social integration include some of methods believed to target understanding and counter stigma surrounding mental illness. AIM: To assess mental health literacy among female students of secondary schools in Abha city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive cross-sectional study from May 2019 to 2020 was conducted at the female governmental secondary schools in Abha sector. A total sample of 350 female students from a total of 5000 students were included. Sampled students were selected from secondary schools using probability proportionate to size using two stage cluster sample technique. Data were collected from students directly using pre-structured questionnaire. The researchers created the study questionnaire after extensive literature review and expert consultation. RESULTS: Almost half (48.9%) study participants had good awareness of the signs and indications of anxiety and depression. Loss of confidence and poor self-esteem were identified as signs of depression by 81%, sleep disturbance by 77% and disturbed appetite by 76.2% participants. Parent's education level and occupation, participant's educational performance and family living arrangement were significantly related with their awareness in univariate analysis. Father's education level (OR(A) = 1.45), maternal engagement with occupation (OR(A) = 4.18) and participant living with parents (OR(A) = 5.4) were identified as predictors of mental health awareness. Social media was reported as the most common source of awareness. The approach towards individuals with mental illness were helpful. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: In conclusion, the study revealed that secondary school students had satisfactory awareness level regarding mental ...

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to a significant mental health crisis and caused a widening economic crisis, growing financial loss, and numerous uncertainties. This pandemic brought alarming implications and overall increased risk for psychiatric illness. This study explores the psychological impact experienced by patients who tested positive from coronavirus in the Najran region, Saudi Arabia.Design and methods: This exploratory analysis included 210 COVID-19 positive patients. The study was conducted during a six-month period starting from March to September 2020, in two tertiary government hospitals in Najran, Saudi Arabia. Samples were selected using purposive sampling; survey questionnaire and face-to-face interview to collect the data. Statistical data were calculated using IBM SPSS v. 2.0 to compute the following statistical formulas: percentage distribution, mean, standard deviation, and Chi-square test of independence.Results: The findings of this study revealed that the majority of COVID-19 positive patients were middle-aged adults (n=98 or 46.7%), male (n=178 or 84.8%), and were non-Saudi nationals (n=132 or 62.9%). It was found out that COVID-19 patients experienced bothersome behaviour at a very high level (x̅=2.63±0.6734). Meanwhile, depression (x̅=2.51±0.7070), worry (x̅=2.23±0.8811), and anxiety (x̅=2.21±0.8719) was only at a high level.Conclusions: The study revealed that the majority of participants had high levels of depression, anxiety and bothersome behaviours. However, demographic characteristics like age, sex, and nationality were not significantly related to coronavirus patients' psychological health problems. Assessments and interventions for psychosocial concerns, integration of mental health considerations, and treatment for severe psychosocial consequences must be administered in COVID-19 care facilities.

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Joubert syndrome (JS) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by peculiar midbrain-hindbrain malformation, known as the "molar tooth" sign. JS can manifest a broad range of signs and symptoms. The most common features of JS are hypotonia, ataxia, developmental delay/intellectual disability, abnormal eye movements, and neonatal breathing abnormalities. To date, 29 genes have been shown to cause JS. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We employed whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping in a group of Iranian families with JS and Sanger sequencing of a known mutation associated with JS located in a single homozygous regions shared by affected members of the families. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Homozygosity mapping uncovered a shared ∼2.2-Mb run of homozygosity on chromosome 8q21.3-q22.1 encompassing the known JS-causing <i>TMEM67</i> gene. Sanger sequencing of a known mutation (NM_153704.5: c.725A>G; p.Asn242Ser) in <i>TMEM67</i> identified from studying another Iranian family using whole-exome sequencing confirmed the presence of the homozygous mutation in 22 affected members of 12 nuclear families. "Molar tooth" sign of brain magnetic resonance imaging, moderate-to-severe neurodevelopmental delay, and abnormal eye movements were the most common features of affected individuals. In addition, liver disease, seizure, behavioural abnormalities, failure to thrive, and kidney disease were observed variably in some of the patients. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> We propose that Asn242Ser is a founder mutation in the Iranian population, which might explain a significant proportion of JS cases from eastern Iran. Therefore, screening for this variant should be considered for genetic testing in Iranian patients with JS. In addition, this finding is important for developing population-specific genetic testing in Iran.

BACKGROUND: Psychological distress/morbidity is amongst the primary reason for the cause of pain at multiple sites, its progression, and recovery. Though still not very clear if physical pain in the neck or the back may predict psychological morbidities or not. Thus, we investigated the association between combined neck or back pain and psychological distress/morbidity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, including 1,003 individuals. The questionnaire comprised of General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) and some questions about neck and back pain. Data analysis was done using statistical software SPSS version 26.0. RESULTS: The results of the multivariate analysis revealed a significant positive association between neck/back pain status and total GHQ score (unstandardized Beta = 2.442, P ≤ 0.0001). Having neck/back pain had almost a 2.5 times greater risk of psychological distress/morbidity. Further, females were more likely to have a higher risk of psychological distress/morbidity (unstandardized Beta = 1.334, P = 0.007) than males while adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. CONCLUSION: The combination of neck and back pain was significantly associated with the Saudi population's psychological problems. Therefore, the Saudi government needs to devise high-risk strategies and allocate adequate resources to the cause so that at-risk people can be shielded from the adverse complications arising from this condition in the long run.

Explores 5 centuries of changing attitudes toward children and childhood in the Ottoman EmpireIncludes data on Christian, Jewish and Muslim children that shed light on differences and commonalities in family structures and communitiesCovers a broad geographic area including Ottoman Romania, Bulgaria, Crimea, Greece, Bosnia, Syria, Palestine and IstanbulPaves the way for new directions in research on the history of children and childhood in the Ottoman EmpireFeatures a Foreword by Suraiya Faroqhi, an introductory chapter by Colin Heywood, and includes 8 tables, 8 graphs, 9 illustrations and a glossary of key termsHow did adults, religious institutions and the state view children during the Ottoman Empire? This volume gathers specialists in the social history of the Ottoman Empire as a whole – in regions ranging from Anatolia through the Arab provinces to the Balkans, and from the 15th to the early 20th century – to respond to recent theoretical calls to recognise children as active agents in history. Divided into 5 thematic sections – concepts of childhood, family interrelationships, children outside family circles, children's bodies and education – the volume covers the social and political structure of the Ottoman Empire. It uses the innovative prism of children as social agents who are not only shaped by but also shape society, rather than being the passive recipients of their social environment

Saif, Ahmed Abdel Kareem: Political developments: general overview. - S. 27-35. Mazroui, Mohamed Salem al-: Elections and referendums in the GCC States. - S. 36-53. Saif, Ahmed Abdel Kareem: Patterns of political opposition in the GCC countries. - S. 54-66. Fakhri, Jamal Jassem al-: The demographic structure of the GCC States. - S. 68-80. Najjar, Baqer Salman al-: Development of civil society in the GCC States. - S. 81-89. Kitbi, Ebtisam Suhail al-: Women's political role in the GCC States. - S. 90-104. Shanti, Isam Salim: Oil and the US war against Iraq: a strategic goal. - S. 106-117. Fares, AbulRazzaq Fares al-: The ramifications of the third Gulf War on oil markets. - S. 118-123. Amri, Fadhil T. al-: The Iranian oil and gas policies in view of the war and its consequences. - S. 124-128. Fakhri, Jamal Jassem al-: The GCC non-oil economy. - S. 130-153. Shanti, Isam Salim: Defense and security issues in the Gulf region. - S. 155-178. Fadhil, Sadaqa Yahya: Critical determinants in intra-GCC relations. - S. 180-185. Sager, Abdulaziz O.: Assessing the performance of the Gulf Cooperation Council: patterns of interaction among member states. - 186-192. Rashed, Sameh: GCC-Arab relations: general overview. - S. 194-204. Shanti, Isam Salim: The position of the GCC States towards the Arab-Israeli conflict. - S. 205-215. Amri, Fadhil Talal al-: The GCC countries and the reform of the Arab League. - S. 216-219. Khan, Arshi: Relations between the GCC States and Turkey. - S. 221-227. Janardhan, N.: GCC-India-Pakistan ties: moving beyond oil and expatriates. - S. 228-235 . Juaili, Mohamed Youssif al-: Relations between the GCC and the Red Sea states. - S. 236-242. Gause, F. Gregory (III): GCC-U.S. relations. - S. 244-257. Luciani, Giacomo: GCC-EU relations. - S. 258-264. Akerman, Ella: GCC-Russia relations. - S. 265-270. Li Guofu: GCC-China relations. - S. 271-274. Hatanaka, Yoshiki: GCC-Japan relations. - S. 275-284. Amri, Hussein Abdullah al-: Yemen. - S. 286-292. Amri, Fadhil Talal al-: Iraq. - S. 293-319. Ehteshami, Anoushiravan: Iran in the aftermath of the Iraq war. - S. 320-326