Suchergebnisse

SummaryTHE ORGANIZATION OF EXTENSION EVALUATIONIn order to enable extension services to change human behaviour most effectively it is necessary to develop the theory of human behaviour and to have an understanding of the ways in which this theory can be applied in the extension situation. Therefore a well‐integrated programme of extension evaluation should include basic research as well as applied research. In order to get basic research the research worker should have much freedom and not too close ties with the action agency. For applied research on the other hand supervised team work and closer relations with action agency are more effective. Some of this applied research can even be done by the extension officers themselves. The listening to the farmers which this evaluation involves may have an important educational value for the extension officers. It is advocated that the money spent on extension research should bear the same relation to the extension budget as that spent on agricultural research bears to the gross agricultural production. The research techniques which can be used in extension evaluation are not discussed in this article.ZusammenfassungORGANISATION DER EVALUATION DES BERATUNGSDIENSTESWenn man den Beratungsdienst in die Lage versetzen will, mensch‐liches Verhalten wirkungsvoll zu ändern, ist es notwendig eine Theorie des menschlichen Verhaltens zu entwickeln und das Verständnis dafür zu wecken, auf welche Weise diese Theorie in der Beratungssituation angewendet werden kann. Daher sollte ein gut integriertes Programm der Beratungsevaluation sowohl Grundlagenforschung als auch angewandte Forschung einschließen. Hinsichtlich der Grundlagenforschung sollte der Forscher viel Freiheit haben und nicht allzu eng mit der praktisch arbeitenden Organisation verbunden sein. Fiir die angewandte Forschung ist teamwork und engere Beziehung mit der Praxis wesentlich wirkungsvoller. Ein Teil der angewandten Forschung kann durch die Beratungsfachleute selbst durchgeführt werden. Die Unterhaltung mit den Landwirten, die einen wesentlichen Teil der Evaluation darstellt, kann einen bedeutenden erzieherischen Wert für die Berater haben. Es wird gefordert, daß die finanziellen Mittel für Beratungsforschung ungefähr in derselben Relation zum Budget für Beratung stehen sollen, wie die Mittel für landwirtschaftliche Forschung zur landwirtschaftlichen Produktion. Forschungstechniken, die in der Beratungsevaluation angewandt werden, werden in diesem Artikel nicht diskutiert.

Law, by whatever definition, is the authoritative voice of the community. Whether it be edicted by monarch or dictator, by representative assembly or the whole people, it speaks in the name of and binds the members of the community. It cannot rest upon the judgment of any member of the community; the essence of law is that it performs a group function. Law cannot speak upon the authority of an individual member; it must represent the authority of the group.

One of the main directions of the state educational policy in Ukraine is recognized modernization of the preschool education system, taking into account the principles of democratization, humanization, and individualization of the pedagogical process. In its basis it is fixed personality growth of every child taking into account its making, capabilities, individual features of physical and psychical development the State requirements to the level of formed, developed, breeding of child, 6 (7) years before its entering into school certain positions of the Base component of preschool education. Providing of continuity of receipt the man of education is possible on condition of realization of principles of perspective and following between the contiguous links of education, in particular preschool and initial. The article lights up the issue of the day of the strategic innovative going near development of formation of Ukraine in And to the half of 21 age, aspects of innovations in relation to organization of continuous education. In the article an accent is done on the basic forms of collaboration of establishment of preschool education and new Ukrainian school, which will realize principle of the following of contiguous lanocs of education. It is well-proven that the various forms of collaboration of establishment of preschool education and new Ukrainian school positively influence on comprehensive development of personality of child, continue, deepen and primnozhuyut' knowledge, ability, skills, purchased on the previous stage, optimize activity of teachers and favourably influence on forming of the modern educational system of the European standard. The ponderable tasks of segodennya is providing of the following of maintenance of preschool and initial education, accordance of the Base component of preschool education the age-old features of children of senior preschool age and requirements of conceptual principles of reformation of New Ukrainian school. And for the decision of these tasks, it is expedient teachers to use experience teachers of establishments of preschool education with senior under-fives and other innovative approaches. ; Забезпечення неперервності здобуття людиною освіти є можливим за умови реалізації принципів перспективності і наступності між суміжними ланками освіти, зокрема дошкільною і початковою. Стаття висвітлює актуальну проблему стратегічних інноваційних підходів до розвитку освіти України в І половині ХХІ століття, аспекти нововведень щодо організації безперервної освіти. В статті зроблено акцент на основні форми співпраці ЗДО та НУШ, які реалізують принцип наступності суміжних ланок освіти. Доведено, що різноманітні форми співпраці ЗДО та НУШ позитивно впливають на всебічний розвиток особистості дитини, продовжують, поглиблюють та примножують знання, уміння, навички, набуті на попередньому етапі, оптимізують діяльність педагогів та сприятливо впливають на формування сучасної освітньої системи європейського зразка. Вагомими завданнями сьогодення є забезпечення наступності змісту дошкільної та початкової освіти, відповідність Базового компонента дошкільної освіти віковим особливостям дітей старшого дошкільного віку та вимогам концептуальних засад реформування Нової української школи. І для вирішення цих завдань, доцільно учителям використовувати досвід роботи педагогів закладів дошкільної освіти зі старшими дошкільниками та інші інноваційні підходи.

Discusses increased transfer of state functions to international organizations, and need for legal and political safeguards preventing fundamental rights violations by these organizations. European Union, United Nations, and other supra-national organiations.

Postmodernism, an intellectual movement that originated in the humanities, has received considerable attention in the organization theory literature. Because many scholars remain uncertain as to just what this controversial perspective is, the present article offers a straightforward explanation of postmodernism's basic themes. Additionally, the author attempts to provide some balance to the overwhelmingly sympathetic presentations of postmodernism in the organization theory literature by offering a critical assessment of how it would redirect the study of organizations. Consistent with an intellectual divide dating to the Enlightenment, while those engaged in "normal science" are concerned with the question of what is true, it appears that those who sympathize with postmodernism are addressing the question of what is good. Postmodernists, it is argued here, wish to engage in advocacy for values and preferences that they view as putting them in radical opposition to the status quo. To facilitate such advocacy they call for the repudiation of "modernism," in particular the key modernist notion that there is an objective truth that can be sought out rationally and systematically. Postmodernists adopt, instead, a relativist philosophy, which contends that "truth" must be considered merely subjective, such that one's view of truth is only relative to one's circumstances. Although taking the position that no one can say what is or is not "true" puts them in opposition to mainstream science, it supports their ability to discredit views they oppose, and simultaneously provides a defense against those who would claim that the postmodernist's view is not "true." Whether the postmodernist approach has the potential to enhance our understanding of organizations is addressed here by examining its philosophical and historical roots, the research and theory that it has so far inspired, and the critical commentary on our field that its adherents have offered.

The expression 'organization of perception' appears in one of the first paragraphs of Walter Benjamin's essay 'The Work of Art in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility' (1935-36), in a passage that highlights the historical determination of sensory perception. The idea of the historicity of perception – which Benjamin found in art historians such as Alois Riegl, Franz Wickhoff, and Heinrich Wölfflin – lies at the very center of what one can consider his 'media theory'. Yet the notion of an organization of perception also relates to the wider context of aesthetic theories and practices of the 1920s and 1930s, including a series of sensorial experiments exploring this link: Thus, in theorizing rhythm, the Soviet avantgarde negotiates between transgressions of a homogeneous, linear time regime and the industrial organization of movements and frequencies of body, speech, and thought. Projection, on the other hand, structures the perception of light and redefines the materiality of perception in such a radical way that the very notion of materialism is challenged. The workshop considers the relation of media and perception in terms of historicity, rhythm, and projection, thereby connecting to the current ICI Focus 'ERRANS, in Time'. It brings together a number of scholars who have researched particular constellations of the historical, technical, and political organization of perception. Programme Part I 16:00 Welcome 16:10 Antonio Somaini (Université Sorbonne Nouvelle Paris 3) Light as Medium 16:40 Elena Vogman (DFG project 'Rhythm and Projection' at FU Berlin) Rhythm, Medium, Milieu: On the Memory of Forms 17:00 Gertrud Koch (Freie Universität Berlin) Film Theory as Media Theorie 17:20 Discussion 17:50 Coffee break Part II 18:10 Ekaterina Tewes (DFG project 'Rhythm and Projection' at FU Berlin) Organization of Perception, Organization of Matter 18:30 Georg Witte (DFG project 'Rhythm and Projection' at FU Berlin) Rhythm, Organization, Form 18:50 Clara Masnatta (ICI Berlin) Paradoxical Presence: Projecting ...