Suchergebnisse

Science, as it is categorized without verbal exactitude, is a new & troublesome concern of the Presidency. Executive oversight of sci as it impinges on public policy is in part exercised & can be appraised, in the context of budgetary decisionmaking. Pol'al sci'ts will find it rewarding to ponder the adequacy of the Presidential machinery for evolving sci policy & balancing priorities within the discipline of the federal budget. Can the sci'fic community reasonably look to the federal gov for the degree of sufficiency, stability, & venturesomeness of support which it seeks, given the competition of other urgent public needs for budgetary sustenance? Upon reflection, the institution of the Presidency for choosing priorities & tackling vexing technological questions is found to contain reassuring strengths. At the same time, preoccupation with the snarled traffic of relentless decision-making leaves unresolved a number of basic, long-term problems in the design of the relationship of sci to gov. AA.

If a state commits injustice, who is responsible for compensating its victims and safeguarding against future wrongdoing? Do the state's citizens bear this responsibility? Do they all bear it equally? Avia Pasternak's and Holly Lawford-Smith's recent books address these pressing questions. Each book represents a thought-provoking attempt to derive an account of citizen responsibility for state wrongs from an account of state agency understood as group agency. Though the books demonstrate the promise of this approach to produce action-guiding advice for real policymakers, they also demonstrate its limitations—in particular, its lack of attention to social structures. Here, I argue that Pasternak's and Lawford-Smith's views would be enriched by further engagement with the literature on structural injustice, which takes individuals' perpetuation of social systems (not their implication in acts of group agency) as a central source of their remedial obligations. Through critical engagement with Pasternak and Lawford-Smith, I illustrate how a structural injustice framework could yield more attractive conclusions than a group agency framework in certain cases, better explain non-culpable forms of citizen responsibility, and allow us to theorize citizen responsibility for state action without making questionable claims about the metaphysics or social ontology of group agency.

Cover -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Family autonomy and its limits -- 2 Parents, love and duty -- 3 Dilemmas of care -- 4 Identity, the past and the future -- 5 The meaning of biology -- 6 Adoption, surrogacy and assisted reproduction -- 7 Family history and fertility fraud: A case study -- 8 Marriage and commitment -- 9 Domestic abuse -- Closing remarks -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index.

This book provides practical case studies of the planning, implementation and use of mobile and wireless data solutions in modern business.

PurposeThis paper aims to explore current management attitudes towards benchmarking and its implementation within small business‐to‐business service firms in order to enhance a deeper understanding of benchmarking within such contexts.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses in‐depth case analysis of small architectural services to collect empirical data on benchmarking initiatives, attitudes, key characteristics and constraints on benchmarking.FindingsFindings suggest that there are significant variations in the receptiveness of small business‐to‐business firms towards the adoption of benchmarking. There may be an inherent distrust of benchmarking, as it is primarily perceived as being a tool for larger organizations, where productivity improvements are the main driver. Evidence of perceived constraints in both the implementation of benchmarking and in the definition of what constitutes best practice highlighted a cultural difficulty for small architectural firms when adopting a business process orientation. Traditionally, when evaluating their services, architectural practices are oriented towards professional design criteria, often with creative rather than business process priorities. Results suggest less cumbersome measurement models than key performance indicators (KPI) are needed to allow organically developing firms, such as architectural services, to apply benchmarking and quality ideas flexibly.Originality/valueResearch on current management attitudes towards benchmarking or actual implementation of benchmarking techniques in small business‐to‐business service firms is scarce. This paper addresses this by developing a deeper and richer contextual understanding of benchmarking within such contexts.

The economic sphere is a specific sphere of public relations that is regulated by civil, tax, antitrust, and customs legislation. The violation of this legislation leads to the application of legal liability measures. The article is devoted to the topical problem of applying responsibility for economic offences. The author explores the legal nature of legal responsibility, examines the concept of legal responsibility, presented by various experts in the field of theory of state and law, and the principles that underlie the implementation of responsibility. The characteristic features of legal responsibility that distinguish it from other types of social responsibility are highlighted and described. The paper analyses various types of legal liability for economic wrongful acts. The special attention is paid to criminal, administrative and civil liability. The author examines certain features related to the basis of liability, its sources and subjects, as well as the features of the applied sanctions. Basing on the research, the author concludes that it is necessary to improve the institution of legal responsibility as a fundamental institution of the Russian legal system that regulates various spheres of relations, including economic legal relations.

Youth entrepreneurship is one of the solutions for unemployment. Previous studies focused to some extent on the support of youth entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper was to analyse the profitability of youth-owned businesses. This paper was aimed at making a scientific contribution to research studies by Radipere and Ladzani (2014) and Hallak et al. (2014) by analysing the profitability of youth-owned businesses, using a theoretical framework of profitability. A quantitative approach was followed to achieve the research objectives. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to compile descriptive statistics. The research results show an increase in profits attained by the youth-owned businesses surveyed. Moreover, the results indicate that youth-owned businesses recorded business growth from sales. Sales growth is an essential parameter for the survival and financial growth of a business. Good sales growth in a business can always be used for the benefit of the employees and the business in terms of providing salary raises, acquiring new assets, and expanding the business or the product line. Recommendations are made for young people who have undertaken new entrepreneurial ventures, business consultants, and other stakeholders in youth entrepreneurship, and future research directions are outlined.