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The Emerald Handbook of Crime, Justice and Sustainable Development brings together a diverse and international collection of essays to critically examine issues relating to crime and justice in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development provides an important global framework for advancing human rights, social justice and environmental sustainability. A number of the Agenda's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) address issues relating to crime, justice and security, and implicit in the 2030 Agenda is the assumption that members of the international community 'including traditional development actors and the myriad international, non-governmental, private, state and local organizations and actors that collectively contribute to the global governance of crime' must work together to enhance the capacities of both developing and developed countries to achieve this vision. Against this backdrop, this volume analyses and interrogates the SDGs from different theoretical and ideological standpoints originating from within and beyond criminology, illustrating the complex and politically contentious nature of these issues and providing insight into the different possibilities that exist for realising the SDGs and mitigating the risk that initiatives meant to realise the SDGs, may in fact contribute to harmful and counterproductive policies and practices. This book will be essential reading for scholars and students within criminology, criminal justice, socio-legal studies, international relations and development studies.

The purpose here is to explore certain aspects of the philosophy of science which have serious implications both for the practice of social and political science and for understanding that practice. The current relationship between social science and the philosophy of science (or the philosophy of the social sciences) is a curious one. Despite the emergence of a considerable body of literature in philosophy which is pertinent to the methodological problems of social science, there has been a lack of osteusive ties between the two areas. A justified concern with the independence of social scientific research has contributed to a tendency toward isolation which is unfortunate in view of the proliferation of philosophical problems which necessarily attends the rapid expansion of any empirical discipline. Although in the literature of contemporary social science there are frequent references to certain works in the philosophy of science and to philosophical issues relating to methodology, these are most often in the context of bald pronouncements and shibboleths relating to the nature of science, its goals, and the character of its reasoning. But what is most disturbing about the fact that social scientists have little direct and thorough acquaintance with the philosophy of science is not merely that there has been a failure to carefully examine the many logical and epistemological assumptions which are implicit in social scientific inquiry, since this task might normally and properly be considered to be within the province of the philospher of science.

Clearly the winds of change sweep over latin america today. everyhing one observes, reads, and hears about this vast culture area points to vital (often radical) social, cultural, and economic transformations which are resulting in new ways of life for these millions of Americans whose ways of life derive from Spanish, Portuguese, American Indian, and African sources. Changes in customary patterns of thought and behavior are taking place more slowly in some countries than others, and even within a nation some areas respond much more quickly to innovative efforts than do others.

In this article, we discuss and outline a research agenda for social science research on artificial intelligence. We present four overlapping building blocks that we see as keys for developing a perspective on AI able to unpack the rich complexities of sociotechnical settings. First, the interaction between humans and machines must be studied in its broader societal context. Second, technological and human actors must be seen as social actors on equal terms. Third, we must consider the broader discursive settings in which AI is socially constructed as a phenomenon with related hopes and fears. Fourth, we argue that constant and critical reflection is needed over how AI, algorithms and datafication affect social science research objects and methods. This article serves as the introduction to this JDSR special issue about social science perspectives on AI.

Un travail de recherche sur l'expertise en matière d'agroterrorisme a été conduit depuis plusieurs années, dans le cadre d'une sociologie pragmatique des activités d'expertise dédiées à la constitution d'une capacité d'expertise scientifique européenne (Barbier et Cardon, 2016). Entre observations participantes, suivi longitudinal des activités documentaires et contributions directes à la réflexion des experts, un travail empirique situé permet de fonder une analyse d'un type d'infrastructure de connaissances qui relève d'une politiques de l'expertise scientifique particulière contribuant à la réflexion entreprise depuis Star & Ruhleder (1996), et poursuivie depuis (Edwards, et al., 2013). Moins qu'une infrastructure fondée sur le partage de connaissances (Dagiral & Peerbaye, 2016) ou la circulation organisée de données au sein de groupes pluridisciplinaires (Millerand, 2011), celle-ci porte sur un partage et une mise en complémentarité et d'interopérabilité de points de vue et de capacités nationales sur le même enjeu d'une gestion du risque d'agroterrorisme d'une part, et de listes, de méthodes et de modèles sans que ceux-ci soient mis en action sur un fond de données partagées d'autre part. Avec ce cas d'étude, il s'agit de comprendre comment certaines configurations – notamment géopolitiques-et certaines orientations de financement ciblé de la recherche publique peuvent engendrer la constitution d'infrastructures de connaissances qui deviennent dès lors des proto-organisations hybrides dont la caractérisation fait question pour la nouvelle sociologie politique des sciences (Mc Leish and Nightingale, 2007). Ce cas permet de revenir sur ces débats et les cadrages qui prévalent en STS pour aborder l'étude des infrastructures de connaissances qui supportent la formation d'une ressource pour le travail d'expertise (Barbier et al., ). C'est ici un contexte de science réglementaire ancien (la surveillance des pestes de quarantaine) qui se trouve pris dans des enjeux de politiques de recherche en matière de défense visant la constitution d'expertise ciblée pour apporter une capacité d'action publique, notamment en matière de lutte contre le terrorisme (programme européen de Security Research ). La communication présentera le contexte d'émergence d'une expertise scientifique et d'un petit domaine de recherche de la phytopathologie dédié à l'agroterrorisme (Cardon and Barbier, 2016) et appréhendera comment le travail des chercheurs-experts a consisté à traiter la composition hybride d'une menace faite de causalités biologiques et humaines dont les institutions étatiques séparent le traitement. Penser et décrire cette séparation contient des enjeux théoriques et permet d'aborder, avec une lecture pragmatiste, un genre d'expertise scientifique performative qui institue les menaces dans le registre du « What if » pour rationaliser un risque très putatif. On revient alors sur les discussions ouvertes par Bowker & Star (1999) sur les dimensions à la fois technologique, politique et éthique de ce type d'infrastructure. Dans un deuxième temps, la communication présentera ce que sont les pratiques des experts pour rationaliser la menace et la constituer en risque, à travers l'établissement progressif d'une chaîne de méthodes allant de la formation de listes à la modélisation bayésienne en passant par la modélisation et la scénarisation. En empruntant aux travaux précurseurs sur la définition de futurs contestés (Brown et al., 2000), nous mettons en évidence un processus d'hybridation de domestication des imaginaires et d'expansion de la calculabilité. En conclusion nous tentons de qualifier ce type d'infrastructure faiblement concrétisée autour de la datafication, très distribuée sur le plan humain du fait des composantes nationales mais également distribuée sur le plan des méthodes autour de listes et de scénarios partagés. On s'interroge alors sur ce qui en constitue la colonne vertébrale, tant elle semble loin de pouvoir constituer une ressource pour un science réglementaire de ce type de menace étrange.

This paper discusses a joint project of the American Library Association and the American Sociological Association. The goal of this collaboration is to guarantee that students of sociology, particularly sociology majors, develop strong information literacy skills during their undergraduate experience. The article talks about national standards for information literacy and how they relate to the sociology major. It presents examples for applying the sociology information literacy standards to course assignments and the sociology curriculum. We also provide suggestions for building linkages between sociology faculty members and social science librarians, as well as ways in which information literacy outcomes might be assessed in the sociology curriculum.

An influential strand of Japanese historiography is invested in notions of peculiarity that highlight the deviance of Meiji Japan from Western liberal-democratic patterns. This special path is associated with the rising influence of the German Historical School of Economics. By analyzing the content of that influence and by maintaining a comparative perspective with the United States, Britain, and Germany, it is possible to highlight the worldwide demise of laissez-faire liberalism and the emergence in the 1880s of an international community of social reformers influenced by the Historical School, thus affirming the intellectual plurality and multiple political valence of this tradition of economic thought.

Abstract In The Pristine Culture of Capitalism, Ellen Wood argues that the English urban landscape is characterised by lack of elegance, absence of charm and neglect of public services. She traces the origins of this impoverishment to the eradication of pre‐industrial capitalist urban culture in the eighteenth century. The paper investigates the claim that English urban culture underwent a significant transformation in the later eighteenth and early nineteenth century. A concern with the public magnificence of London as a means of representing the wealth and power of England is characteristic of eighteenth century treatise on urban improvement. The most influential of which, John Gwynn's London and Westminster Improved, published in 1766, draws upon the spatial linkage of economy, government and power typical of mercantilist thought. The paper argues that as the principles and practices of mercantilism were displaced by the spread of industrial capitalism and the liberal state, a concern with grandeur, elegance and embellishment in urban form was subordinated to the provision of the physical and social infrastructure necessary for the reproduction of labour.

Traditional empiricism, although largely abandoned, has marked the social studies of science through the persistent division between macrolevel analysis of the institutions promoting and regulating science and microlevel analysis of the laboratory, theories, and experiments. Further traces appear in the largely separate methodologies used in social studies of science, which do not draw from political theory, and studies in political theory, which are silent with respect to the expression of power in the development of science. Poststructuralist conceptions of science have reinforced this divcsion by encour aging a turn away from explanations that assume human agency and accountability . This article attempts to bridge the present methodological gulf between political theory and the social studies of science through methods that are sensitive to the nature and operation of power and to its expression in discourse. The application of these methods in the study of genetic engineering policy m the United States and the United Kingdom is outlined.

The tribe presents a problem for the historian of the modern Middle East, particularly one interested in personalities, subtleties of culture and society, and other such "useless" things. By and large, tribes did not leave their own written records. The tribal author is a phenomenon of the present or the recent past. There are few twentieth century tribal figures comparable to the urban personalities to whose writings and influence we owe our understanding of the social, intellectual, and political history of the modern Middle East. There is next a larger problem of record keeping to contend with: the almost complete inaccessibility of official records on the postcolonial Middle East. It is no wonder that political scientists and anthropologists are among the best regarded custodians of the region's twentieth century history; they know how to make creative and often eloquent use of drastically limited tools. For many decades, suspicious governments have inhibited historians from carrying out the duties of their vocation. This is one reason why the many rich and original new monographs on Saddam Hussein's Iraq are so important. If tribes are on the margins of the records, and the records themselves are off limits, then one might imagine why modern Middle Eastern tribes are so poorly conceived in the scholarly imagination.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction: The Use of Personal Narratives in the Social Sciences and History -- 1. Agency, Subjectivity, and Narratives of the Self -- 2. Intersecting Stories: Personal Narratives in Historical Context -- 3. The Forms of Telling and Retelling Lives -- 4. Personal Narrative Research as Intersubjective Encounter -- 5. Making Arguments Based on Personal Narrative Sources -- Notes -- Index

Social work is a profession that draws (or should draw) on available knowledge in the disciplines as well as other sources including other professions in the pursuit of "the betterment of life conditions of individuals, groups, and communities." An historical perspective illustrates opportunities taken and lost to harvest knowledge in pursuit of this aim. This, combined with a sociological view, suggests how we can make use of history in creating new futures including minimizing avoidable suffering. An agenda for forwarding a science-informed social work is suggested based on this perspective.