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This book explores how Malaysia, as a multicultural modern nation, has approached issues of nationalism and regionalism in terms of physical expression of the built environment. Ever since the nation?s post-colonial era, architects and policy makers have grappled with the theoretical and practical outcomes of creating public architecture that effectively responds to traditions, nationhood and modernity. The authors compile and analyse prevailing ideas and strategies, present case studies in architectural language and form, and introduce the reader to tensions arising between a nationalist agenda and local?regionalist? architectural language. These dichotomies represent the very nature of multicultural societies and issues with identity; a challenge that various nations across the globe face in a changing environment.

Ed Cox and Arianna Giovannini survey the new political parties that have emerged in the north of England advocating greater decentralisation to English regions. While electoral success may be some way off, this is a propitious time in UK politics for building democratic momentum behind a bold and positive vision of devolution.

The paper shows the development of critical geopolitics from its
conceptualisation by O Tuathail, Dalby and Routledge at the end of the last
century up to its critics and development of phenomena that influenced the
self-evolution of discipline. The first goal of this research is the
analysis of the main thesis from the abovementioned authors in order to test
them on contemporary examples. The second goal is consisted of the
contemporary phenomena analysis, from the media critique to a wider societal
critique, as well as their influence on the self-evolution of the
discipline, especially in the area of popular geopolitics. This review
streams towards the state of the art analysis, defining and positioning this
(inter)discipline in frames of old/new geopolitics, international relations,
and human geography. The main thesis is that contemporary phenomena (as a
cause) narrowed down the focus of research areas in some scientific fields,
while in others it made unavoidable to skip interdisciplinary perspective
both in theoretical as well as in methodological sense. The critics of
classical geopolitics developed three directions for research: as a part of
critical geopolitics as self-contained discipline and numerous
subdisciplines or even disciplines (e.g., popular geopolitics); as critiques
of newly developed neoclassical theories and schools in international
relations; and as interdisciplinary attempts that highlights research on
contemporary phenomena and criticise all so far developed methods and tools
as nonadequate for research in such a complex world of the present
challenges.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to describe, analyze, and understand the fading configurations in inter‐organizational relationships in the context of cultural sponsorship.Design/methodology/approachA dyadic case study investigates a long‐term cultural‐sponsorship relationship between a business sponsor and a sponsored museum.FindingsThe triggers of relationship fading are broadly elaborated into structural and situational triggers. These triggers are further categorized into negative and positive structural triggers and into negative and positive situational triggers. Negative triggers accelerate the fading of cultural‐sponsorship relationships, whereas positive triggers hinder such fading.Research limitations/implicationsThe perceptions of the business sponsor and the sponsored museum are combined into a configuration matrix of relationship fading in cultural‐sponsorships relationships. The configuration matrix can be used to analyze the composition and the dynamics of perceptions during relationship fading. The configuration matrix offers a powerful and flexible tool that allows conflicting views in the cultural‐sponsorship relationship to be revealed and described.Practical implicationsThe analytical framework facilitates managerial identification of potential structural and situational triggers of fading in cultural‐sponsorship relationships. To manage such relationships effectively, the interacting actors have to take into account the probable fading of cultural‐sponsorships relationships, and the reasons for this.Originality/valueThe triggers of relationship fading can emanate from both the structural context in which this time‐bound cultural‐sponsorship relationship is embedded and the situational process itself. Consequently, the triggers of fading can be both structural with relatively high permanence and situational with single critical events and incidents occurring in the relationship.

This research is intended to find out the appropriate or not yet the application of the System of Internal Control of the Government in the Department of Industri and Trade of the North Sulawesi Province with Government Regulation No. 60 Year 2008 about Control Systems Government Intern, by way of identifying what became an obstacle in the process of implementation of the SPIP and any efforts being undertaken in dealing with the application of constraints of SPIP for increased levels of maturity of SPIP. The general the application of SPIP in Department of industry and trade of the North Sulawesi province were in accordance with government regulation No. 60 the year 2008 about SPIP. But, not to the achievement of the target level of 3 (three) maturity of SPIP in the Departmen of industry and trade shows that the application of SPIP still experience particular constraints. As for the constraints in the implementation of SPIP namely; 1) HR which is not yet competent, 2) lack of discipline, 3) evaluation activities, inadequate. Efforts are being made to overcome the constraints in the implementation of SPIP are: 1 HR development program through training of his own Office, 2) build effective communication, 3) build organizational commitment.Keywords: The System of Internal Control of the Government, The Level of Maturity of the Organization of the SPIP, Constraints and Efforts.

Under influence of globalization regional boundaries seem to be melted with the hands of migrants and pave the integration process. Ideally integration occur through voluntary linking in the economic and political domains of two or more formerly independent states to the extent that authority over key areas of national policy is shifted towards the supra-national level. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of South China is unique as its status transformed from an international boundary between the UK and the People's Republic of China (PRC) to an internal boundary inside China under 'one country-two systems' in 1997. Cross-border migration between Hong Kong and the PRD can be seen as the discourse of dependant development. Contrary to the contribution of migrants through spontaneously locating and relocating themselves across border with their social and entrepreneurial interplay in history, governments responded selectively to cross-border issues While most research emphasize economic and political aspects, analysis into the migration history reveals that integration in the PRD region is a unique form of 'inter-dependent urbanism' through the hands of temporary and permanent migrants who once happened to be separated by force, are merging in the same nation-state recently. This subtly perceived trend of urbanization has scope to achieve sustainability of the region.

This study aims to investigate the inter-regional cooperation on regional landfill management in urban areas, particularly in the case of Banjar Bakula in Southern Kalimantan, Indonesia. Intergovernmental relations system and cooperation among regions becomes important at this time as there are no areas that are isolated and able to meet the needs of the region independently. The relationship among regional governments, especially in the metropolitan areas, has the dynamic and growing characteristics, thus requiring special governance, particularly in the processing management of regional landfill in the urban area, including in Banjar Bakula. A development policy in the form of programs or projects involving some areas requires institutional arrangements both among the involved government agencies so that the programs of cooperation can be realized efficiently and effectively. Some hindrances related to the implementation of the policy and the issues upon governance structures will be the reference in the conduct of inter-regional cooperation.