Suchergebnisse

This book focusses on the e-commerce rules being introduced by the European Union (EU) Member States and similar rules that have been introduced in major non-EU jurisdictions - Norway, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. The new EU rules governing the online sales of goods and services affect all businesses that sell online to EU customers, no matter where the seller is based. Digitalisation has transformed the way goods and services are traded, challenging the very existence of traditional forms of retailing. In addition to describing the legal framework, the authors provide examples of how the rules work in practice and illustrate available choices for businesses, with particular attention to avoiding pitfalls

Volume 26C contains five sets of lectures taken by Glenn Johnson as a doctoral student in economics at the University of Chicago during 1946-7.Johnson went on to become a leading professor of agricultural economics at Michigan State University. At Chicago his professors were among the foremost in the country.They included Frank Knight, Milton Friedman, D. Gale Johnson, John U. Nef, and T. W. Schultz, several future Nobel Prize winners.Also included are notes by Mark Ladenson (also from Michigan State) at Northwestern and from a faculty seminar at MSU on comparative method.

Debt advice, as a neoliberal variant of social welfare in the UK, highlights the introduction and repercussions of approaches to welfare that encourage, and/or rely on, financial speculation. Since the 1990s, senior managers in the debt advice sector have anticipated funding cuts by advocating co-operation with the financial industry, implying a financialised concept of social welfare that valorises the redistribution of opportunities to speculate, rather than that of wealth. Yet following cuts, 'front-line' debt advisers complain they are unable to provide the required level of care and compassion, leading to an increase in church-based, volunteer-run debt advice, aimed at the poorest and most vulnerable. Rather than some pre-determined political modality, the ethical concepts of welfare that caught on, and the moral qualities consequently ascribed to its beneficiaries, emerged at the interface of managers' assessments of the viability of particular funding models with the political-economic conditions in which those models were implemented.

AbstractAccording to the so-called presumption of equality, a person who does not know whether there is an acceptable reason for differential treatment should just presume the similarity of the cases and treat them equally. If we assume that the presumption of equality is an acceptable moral principle, at least when the allocation cannot be postponed and an equal distribution of goods is possible, then an important question arises: when exactly does the allocator have sufficient reasons for differential treatment and is not relevantly ignorant? This is a question about the required strength of the "acceptable reasons" for differential treatment. It has been commonplace to think that the presumption of equality demands that the reasons that refute the presumption must be very strong and that differential treatment requires that there is a proper justification for the claim that the cases are relevantly different. I will argue, however, that refuting the presumption and solving the issue (of whether the cases are relevantly similar or relevantly different) are two separate matters. A person can have good enough reasons for rejecting the presumption that the cases are relevantly similar without having reasons that she could present as a full justification for the claim that the cases are relevantly different. A precondition of the applicability of the presumption of equality is ignorance, but not ignorance in the sense of "not having a full justification".

Local governance and water management: Maximising availability through people-led initiatives -- Multi-stakeholder engagement in river basin management plan development: Experience from River Ramganga -- Inter-state water conflicts and its influence on transboundary water interactions: A case study of Brahmaputra River basin -- Decoding empowerment through participation in India: The case of women and waterscapes -- Pursuing water management & security through hydropower development – Issues & challenges -- Integrated development of reservoirs and unified control for efficient flood moderation in Ganga and Brahmaputra basins -- Addressing drought devastation through policies and practices for prevention, mitigation and management

ABSTRACTWhen it comes to rape in war, evocative language describing rape as a 'weapon of war' has become commonplace. Although politically important, overemphasis on strategic aspects of wartime sexual violence can be misleading. Alternative explanations tend to understand rape either as exceptional — a departure from 'normal' sexual relationships — or as part of a continuum of gendered violence. This article shows how, even in war, norms are not suspended; nor do they simply continue. War changes the moral landscape. Drawing on ethnographic research over 10 years in northern Uganda, this article argues for a re‐sexualization of understandings of rape. It posits that sexual mores are central to explaining sexual violence, and that sexual norms — and hence transgressions — vary depending on the moral spaces in which they occur. In Acholi, moral spaces have temporal dimensions ('olden times', the 'time of fighting' and 'these days') and associated spatial dimensions (home, camp, bush, village, town). The dynamics of each help to explain the occurrence of some forms of sexual violence and the rarity of others. By reflecting on sexual norms and transgressions in these moral spaces, the article sheds light on the relationship between 'event' and 'ordinary', rape and war.

"Meat and dairy production and consumption are in crisis. Globally, 70 billion farm animals are used for food production every year. It is well accepted that livestock production is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) predicts a rough doubling of meat and milk consumption in the first half of the 21st century, with particularly rapid growth occurring in the developing economies of Asia. What will this mean for the health and wellbeing of those animals, of the people who consume ever larger quantities of animal products, and for the health of the planet itself? The new edition of this powerful and challenging book explores the impacts of the global growth in the production and consumption of meat and dairy, including cultural and health factors, and the implications of the likely intensification of farming for both small-scale producers and for animals. Several chapters explore the related environmental issues, from resource use of water, cereals and soya, to the impact of livestock production on global warming and issues concerning biodiversity, land use and the impacts of different farming systems on the environment. A final group of chapters addresses ethical and policy implications for the future of food and livestock production and consumption. Since the first edition, published in 2010, all chapters have been updated, three original chapters re-written and six new chapters added, with additional coverage of dietary effects of milk and meat, antibiotics in animal production, and the economic, political and ethical dimensions of meat consumption. The overall message is clearly that we must eat less meat to help secure a more sustainable and equitable world."--Provided by publisher.

The collapse of trade negotiations in Cancun in September 2003 shook confidence in both the Doha Development Agenda and the commitments of industrialized countries and international economic institutions to pursue "coherent" trade and development policies. This Article critically examines the dual commitments of development institutions, especially the World Bank, to trade liberalization and poverty reduction, and the challenges to achieving "policy coherence" through trade "mainstreaming," "capacity building," and "impact assessments." In particular, the Article considers the feasibility of adapting existing tools for poverty and social analysis to assess trade policies and agreements. The Article uses gender as one possible lens through which to analyze the potential impacts of trade policies on vulnerable groups in developing countries. While recognizing their limitations, the Article supports the development of practical tools for poverty and social analysis for use by government trade offices and other ministries, development institutions, research institutes, and civil society groups in developing countries. However, for these tools to be useful, developing countries must have the "policy space" to choose the trade policy options that best support their poverty reduction strategies and broad development goals.

This study examines the short-term effects of change and stability in family type on the educational adjustment of children aged 10-15 years. Data for study are drawn from five waves of the Canadian National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth. Our focus is on comparing cohabiting (biological and step) families and marital families. No differences are observed for changes in school engagement based on cohabitation. Perceived achievement shows greater declines for children in stable cohabiting relationships compared to stable marital relationships. Children from families in which a cohabiting relationship dissolved over a two-year period do not differ from children from stable cohabiting families. Children from families in which a marital relationship dissolved report significantly less school engagement and perceived achievement than children from stable married families. The dissolution of a cohabiting relationship has more negative effects on children's education than divorce. These differences remain after accounting for socioeconomic status and family process.

We present results from a new representative telephonic survey, which confirms persistence of conservative gender and caste attitudes. In particular, we find that high proportions of men and women in all of the social groups we study disapprove of women working outside the home, say that it is acceptable for husbands to beat their wives, and would object to relatives marrying a Dalit person. By analyzing data from the National Family Health Survey and the India Human Development Survey, we see that the outcomes associated with these attitudes are even more conservative: a smaller fraction of women work than those who say it is acceptable, a larger fraction of women experience violence in marriage than men who say it is acceptable, and an even smaller fraction of people have intercaste marriages than people who say they would not oppose. With a few exceptions, the attitudes and outcomes we study vary surprisingly little by respondent gender, caste, and religion. Dr. Amdebkar's legacy is indeed unfinished – people from all backgrounds must continue to work for the equality and dignity of women and Dalits.

The espoused values of 681 students and alumni from four graduate programs at the University of Kansas were surveyed with the Rokeach Terminal Values Scale and the newly developed Galloway-Edwards Professional Values Scale. Program affiliation-public administration, social welfare, law, and business administration-consistently accountedfor differences in value preferences. Implications of the results forprofessional practice in the public service and professional education are discussed.

This article analyses 95 children's and young adult literature works written originally in Catalan and published between 2002 and 2006. They are representative of all age groups present in this genre. This analysis focuses on the presence or absence of female characters, and on their treatment and reception, both in terms of prominence and the transmission of stereotypes. The results of this review show a dichotomy between the scarcity of female protagonists and their extreme audacity.

"Considering the important impact of Asian cultures on international relations, we conducted a multifaceted analysis and authentic summary of the Asian experiences and patterns of dealing with foreign relations from an Asian insider's perspective, aiming to find out where the diverging or converging diplomatic ways of the West and the East came from and what the positive diplomatic values and practices originated from Asian traditions are. Focusing on China, volume one thoroughly analyses the nature, political culture and mechanism of the tribute system from ancient time to the modern era within and beyond China. Volume two studies the culture and diplomacy of various individual Asian nations except for China, both in general and in particular cases, with an interdisciplinary approach"--

Part 1: The Populist Ideology and Constitutional Democracy -- Chapter 1: From Populist Parties to Populist Politics. Populism as a unifying ideology -- Chapter 2: Populisms, Constitutions, Constitutional Courts and Constitutional Democracy -- Chapter 3: The Sirens' Song. When Right-Wing Populism Deals with "Democracy". The Case of the Rassemblement National in France -- Part 2: Populism in Practice. Its Impact on the Rule of Law -- Chapter 4: Populism and constitutional courts: a perspective from the Venice Commission -- Chapter 5: Constitutional effects of populism in EU Member States, 2010-2020 -- Chapter 6: On the Experiences of a Constitutional Court in an Illiberal Democracy. Incapacitated but Necessary -- Chapter 7: Constitutional Erosion in Spain: From the Catalan Pro-Independence Crisis to the (Intended) Judiciary Reforms -- Part 3: Populism and the European Union -- Chapter 8: The EU Unease about Populism -- Chapter 9: The Authoritarian Conjuncture in Europe and Liberals' Crocodile Tears -- Chapter 10: The 'EU populist crisis': The effect of populism on the EU legal order and vice versa: Populism, EU responses and EU constitutional identity -- Chapter 10: Judicializing the Rule of law Through the Preliminary Ruling -- Part 4: Populism, the Pandemic and the Future of Democracy -- Chapter 11: Preserving Democracy and the Rule of Law in a Pandemic. Some Lessons from the Venice Commission -- Chapter 12: The duration of the state of alarm in Spain and the problems posed for democracy -- Chapter 13: "To Watch and Control the Government". 'Rediscovering' Parliaments' Oversight Function -- Chapter 14: Pandemic, Populism, and Polarisation -- Chapter 15: Might Covid Help Strengthening European Democracies?. .