Suchergebnisse

Fathers have been a central part of Norwegian gender equality policy for the last two decades. But what about fathers in Norwegian history? This article is a study on the discourse of fatherhood found within conduct books, letters, autobiographies, journals, and to a certain degree novels and argues that fatherhood was seen as almost as important to the family and the home as the mother in the period 1850—1920 and that the father was split between a role for the family and a role in the family.

This introduction to two field reports on specific cases of poverty in rural and urban India argues that poverty is produced and mediated through intersecting structures of inequality such as caste, religion, tribe, and gender. The reports, the author notes, remind us that understanding the macro processes and current effects of globalization requires a practice of knowledge that values the details, specificities, and immersion in particular places such as those described in the reports by V.K. Ramachandran and V. Ramaswamy et al. (Crit Asian Stud/GIGA)

This article investigates the use of co-constructed narrative strands to better understand the function of institutional narratives in teacher education. It uses data drawn from a large ethnographic study of talk in interaction in teacher education coursework. The analysis demonstrates how a series of similar small stories functions together to create a larger message about social categories in schooling. Narratives created by preservice teachers, through shared understanding of category systems like gender and disability, penetrate stories told in coursework and impact understandings of students in schools.

Although women form a large and increasing proportion of international migrants, women's mobility has generally been overlooked in the literature. Quantifying and characterizing female migration should lead to a better understanding of the forces that shape international migration. We build an original data set providing gender‐disaggregated indicators of international migration by educational attainment for 195 source countries in 1990 and 2000. We find that women represent an increasing share of the immigration stock in the OECD countries and exhibit higher skilled emigration rates than men.

Residential crowding in both U.S. and U.K. samples of 36-month-old children is related concurrently to the Bracken scale, a standard index of early cognitive development skills including letter and color identification, shape recognition, and elementary numeric comprehension. In the U.S. sample, these effects also replicate prospectively. Statistical controls for income, child gender, maternal age, and maternal education are incorporated throughout. In both samples the association between crowding and cognitive development are mediated by maternal responsiveness. Mothers in more crowded homes are less responsive to their children.

The belief that increased numbers of women holding decision-making positions is a sign of empowerment is reflected in the United Nations Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), which tracks the percentages of women in national parliaments, in other legislatures, and as senior officials and managers among professional and technical workers. There is a growing demand for an increasing presence of women in political decision-making. It is argued that women need to be 'empowered' in the realm of political decision-making so as to facilitate their 'real' empowerment.

In 1970, Victoria Schuck reported in PS on female
participation at our annual meetings from 1959 to 1969. Ever since
1972 I have written on the gender participation balance at our
annual meetings, at first as a letter, later as a regularly
appearing note in this publication. This fall is the thirty-seventh
time I reported to the association membership about the tally.
(Since I retired at the end of the 2007–08 academic year, I hope
someone else will continue the number crunching.)

In this paper we investigate the relationship between females among the first hires of start-up companies and business success. Our results show that firms with female first hires have a higher share of female workers at the end of the first year after entry. Further, we find that firms with female first hires are more successful and stay longer in the market. We conclude that our results support the hypothesis that gender-diversity in leading positions is an advantage for start-up firms.

In this paper we investigate the relationship between females among the first hires of start-up companies and business success. Our results show that firms with female first hires have a higher share of female workers at the end of the first year after entry. Further, we find that firms with female first hires are more successful and stay longer in the market. We conclude that our results support the hypothesis that gender-diversity in leading positions is an advantage for start-up firms.

Based on the reports on employment law and discrimination related to sexual orientation and gender identity for each of the 50 states (See Appendices), this chapter compiles more than 380 specific examples of workplace discrimination against state and local employees, almost all occurring within the last 20 years, and none occurring prior to 1980. The state reports collected examples of discrimination from court opinions, administrative complaints, academic journals, books, newspapers, and publications by and complaints made to community-based organizations.

This paper analyses which factors are most important for explaining why people in fifteen European countries prefer either public, occupational or private pension provision. We make a distinction between personal characteristics such as age, gender and occupation, nationality and the actual, current kind of pension provision that respondents have. Using a large European survey, we find that although all three types of variables are important, the current pension provision and nation-specific effects have a much stronger effect than personal characteristics. [Copyright Elsevier B.V.]

Die Verfasserin erläutert Befunde einer 2008 durchgeführten Gender-Analyse an einer österreichischen Fachhochschule zu Geschlechter-Zugängen und weiblichen Drop-out bezüglich des Informatikstudiums. Frauen, die IT-Studiengänge wählen, bevorzugen jene, in denen andere als rein technische Inhalte ein Viertel bis ein Drittel des Kehrplans ausmachen. Die Abbruchquote liegt bei Frauen bei ca. 50 Prozent, bei Männern zwischen 20 und 25 Prozent. Hauptmotiv für den weiblichen Drop-out ist die Selbsteinschätzung, auf allen Dimensionen des Wissens und Könnens nicht mithalten zu können. Die Autorin findet eine Vielfalt von Erfolgsfaktoren für Frauen mit erfolgreichem Studienabschluss. Sie ermittelt "Informatik-Mythen", die die hohe Tendenz besitzen, geschlechtsspezifischen Ausschluss zu produzieren sowie Zugänge und Informationskanale zum IT-Studium. Daraus leitet sie die Forderung nach maßgeschneiderten Vorkursen sowie abgestimmten Tutorien und Lernpartnerschaften ab, um die Ausgangslage von Informatikstudentinnen zu verbessern. (ICC)

Cantin, É.: Modes of production, rules for reproduction and gender: the fabrication of China's textile manufacturing workforce since the late empire. - S. 453-468 Elias, J.: Gendering liberalisation and labour reform in Malaysia: 'competitiveness' in the productive and reproductive economies. - S. 469-483 Wang, H.: China's new labour contract law: is China moving towards increased power for workers? - S. 485-501 Binford, L.: From fields of power to fields of sweat: the dual process of constructing temporary migrant labour in Mexico and Canada. - S. 503-517

This article argues that particular assumptions about biology, ethnicity, genetics, and gender create a permissive environment for policies of sexual violence during war. It further asserts that the children born as a consequence of these policies become a prism for identity politics. The arguments regarding identity and war and the consequences on policies of sexual violence during wartime are illustrated through analyses of the Serbian militia's rape campaigns in Bosnia in the early 1990s and the mass rape and killing of Tutsis in Rwanda in 1994.