Suchergebnisse

Media and communications are changing rapidly and their transformation is having a momentous impact on the abilities of individuals to communicate and how society communicates within itself. Such changes are important because media convey ideas, opinions, information, social values, experiences, and entertainment and those are influenced by social, economic, and political forces in society. The changing nature of communication is especially important because media and communication platforms are increasingly the primary location in which contemporary identity, culture, and values and norms are manifested and contested.

Actes du colloque A l'échelle du monde. la carte: objet culturel, social et politique du Moyen Âge à nos jours, éd. Thibault Courcelle, Emmanuelle Vagnon, Sandrine Victor ; International audience ; The Albi mappa mundi and the index of the seas and winds facing it have the same model as the Vatican mappa mundi (Vat. Lat. 6018, fol. 63v-64r), some of Beatus' maps (like the Saint-Sever map, BNF Lat. 8878, fol. 45bisv-45terr), but also a lost mappa mundi from Bobbio (discovered by Gautier Dalché, 2010) as well as the Tournai maps, assigned to saint Jerome (British Library Add. 10049, fol. 64r-v). These chorographies go back to Eratosthenes of Cyrene (3rd century BC), inventor of the chlamys-shaped oekoumene. « Sling » for Poseidonios of Apamea (2nd-1st century BC) and for Dionysius of Alexandria (2nd century AD), mundus triquadrus for Orosius (beginning of the 5th century AD), the world empire of the Romans was nothing more than a finger nail for the Christians. Eucherius of Lyon and his contemporaries used such maps in their study of the Roman, Biblical and Christian history. A textbook of Eucherius reached Isidorus of Sevilla between the 6th and the 7th centuries: the Albi manuscript reflects this transfer. Its wearied files show that the map, although schematic, has fulfilled its purpose: for 12 centuries, the Albi mappa mundi has been continuously teaching the ancient world. ; La mappemonde d'Albi et l'index des mers et des vents qui lui font face remontent à un modèle commun avec la mappemonde du Vatican (Vat. Lat. 6018, fol. 63v-64r), certaines cartes de Beatus de Liébana (dont la mappemonde de Saint-Sever, BNF Lat. 8878, fol. 45bisv-45terr), mais aussi avec une mappemonde perdue de Bobbio (révélée par Gautier Dalché, 2010) et avec les cartes de Tournai, dites de saint Jérôme (British Library Add. 10049, fol. 64r-v). À l'origine ultime de ces chorographies il y a eu Ératosthène de Cyrène (IIIe siècle av. J.-C.), inventeur de la carte du monde habité en forme de chlamyde. « Fronde » pour Poséidonios d'Apamée (IIe-Ier siècle av. J.-C.) et Denys le Périégète (IIe siècle apr. J.-C.), mundus triquadrus selon Orose (début du Ve siècle apr. J.-C.), l'Empire-monde des Romains était comparable au petit ongle pour les Chrétiens. Eucher de Lyon et ses contemporains ont employé de telles cartes pour l'étude de l'histoire romaine, biblique et chrétienne. Un dossier pédagogique d'Eucher parvint à Isidore de Séville, entre le VIe et le VIIe siècle : on en retrouve l'écho dans le manuscrit albigeois. L'usure de ses feuillets montre que la carte, même simplifiée, remplit bien son rôle : aujourd'hui comme il y a douze siècles, elle nous enseigne toujours le monde des Anciens.

Limited data exists on the interrelationships between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviors and sleep concerning cardiometabolic risk factors in aged adults at high cardiovascular disease risk. Our aim was to examine independent and joint associations between time spent in leisure-time PA, sedentary behaviors and sleep on the prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Mediterranean individuals at high cardiovascular risk. Cross-sectional analyses were performed on baseline data from 5776 Spanish adults (aged 55-75y in men; 60-75y in women) with overweight/obesity and MetS, from October 2013 to October 2016, in the PREDIMED-PLUS trial. Employing multivariable-adjusted Cox regression with robust variance and constant time (given the cross-sectional design), higher prevalence of obesity, T2D and abdominal obesity as component of the MetS were associated with greater time in TV-viewing (Relative Risk, RR: 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.03; RR:1.04, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.06 and RR: 1.01 95%CI: 1.00, 1.02; respectively, all P < .01). Conversely, greater time in moderate-vigorous PA (MVPA) was associated with lower prevalence of obesity, T2D, abdominal obesity and low HDL-cholesterol (RR: 0.95, 95%CI: 0.93, 0.97; RR: 0.94, 95%CI: 0.89, 0.99; RR: 0.97, 95%CI: 0.96, 0.98; and RR: 0.95, 95%CI: 0.91, 0.99, respectively, all P < .05). For these outcomes, theoretically substituting 1-h/day of MVPA for 1-h/day TV-viewing was also significantly associated with lower prevalence (RR 0.91 to 0.97, all P < .05). Similar lower RR in these outcomes was observed when substituting 1-h/day of MVPA for 1-h/day of sleeping. Longer time watching TV and not meeting MVPA recommendations were jointly associated with higher RR of the prevalence of obesity and T2D. We concluded that, in senior individuals at high cardiovascular risk, greater time spent on MVPA and fewer on sedentary behaviors was inversely associated with prevalence of obesity, T2D, and some of the components of MetS. ; This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Health (Carlos III Health Institute) through the Fondo de Investigacion para la Salud (FIS), which is co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (two coordinated FIS projects leaded by Jordi Salas-Salvado and Josep Vidal, including the following projects: PI13/00673, PI13/00492, PI13/00272, PI13/01123, PI13/00462, PI13/00233, PI13/02184, PI13/00728 PI13/01090 PI13/01056, PI14/01722, PI14/00636, PI14/00618, PI14- 00696, PI14/01206, PI14/01919, PI14/00853), the European Research Council (Advanced Research Grant 2013-2018; 340918) granted to MAMG, the Recercaixa grant 2013 (2013ACUP00194), the grant from the Consejeria de Salud de la Junta de Andalucia (PI0458/2013), and the SEMERGEN grant. NRE has been beneficiary of a predoctoral FIAGAUR 2016 Grant from the Catalan Government; Secretaria d'Universitats i Recerca del Departament d'Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya. None of the funding sources took part in the design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. CIBERobn (Centros de Investigacion Biomedica en Red: Obesidad y Nutricion), CIBEResp (Centros de Investigacion Biomedica en Red: Epidemiologia y Salud Publica) and CIBERdem (Centros de Investigacion Biomedica en Red: Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabolicas asociadas) are initiatives of ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. ; Sí

The use of remotely piloted vehicles, either in civilian or military roles, is highly controversial. Legal, ethical, and moral issues are hotly debated and argued by a broad continuum of advocates. Legal issues seem to revolve primarily around the basis of national self-defense vice international governance. The ethical and moral issues are more complicated. The efficiency of using remotely piloted vehicles is contrasted against the psychological impacts their use has upon the operators and society as a whole, as demonstrated by select researchers. The teachings of Jeremy Bentham and Immanuel Kant are briefly discussed as they relate to this particular endeavor. Once ethical and moral issues are settled, defining the Constitutional guidelines and restrictions for use against insurgents or rebellious factions that might include United States citizens will become easier to decide.

This article examines the impact of four types of law-related uncertainty on the utility of risk-neutral agents. We find that greater legal or factual uncertainty makes agents worse off if enforcement is targeted (meaning that greater deviations from what the law demands lead to a greater probability of enforcement), or if sanctions are graduated (meaning that greater deviations from what the law demands result in higher sanctions). In contrast, agents are indifferent to changes in detection uncertainty induced by variation in enforcement resources or to changes in sanction uncertainty arising from legally irrelevant factors. Finally, risk-neutral agents benefit from greater legal uncertainty if they act only upon a preapproval by a cautious regulator. Our findings shed light on policy debates about the appropriate specificity of legal standards, the reform of corporate criminal liability, and the government's reluctance to clarify the details of tax law and tax enforcement.

The historic Centre of Genoa, that has suffered a rapid decline in the 1970s and 1980s caused by a severe crisis of port activities, start to find again its cultural and artistic identity thanks to the restoration and the valorization of all forms of movable and immovable cultural heritage, monuments, historical sites and buildings.A series of international events will contribute to regained to the old city the lost political, economic and social importance: the Columbus Expo in 1992; the G8 Summit in 2001 and the Genoa European Capital of Culture in 2004.In these occasions the old harbor, closed to the citizens until the 1992, was renovated in part by Renzo Piano Building Workshop, becoming the area that today we call Expo.This project is only a first step in a path of requalification which must still be concluded: after the Affresco, the urban vision suggested by Renzo Piano to Genoa in 2004, in the 2016 the architect present a second proposal, the BluePrint. The important events that Genoa hosted from 1990 to now were a stepping stone for a series of cultural proposals not only by institutional bodies but also by private or association networks, that invest in artistic initiatives in order to revitalize the peripheral areas of the historic Centre. ; Il centro storico di Genova, che nel corso degli anni settanta e ottanta aveva subito un repentino declino influenzato dalla crisi delle attività portuali, inizia a ritrovare la sua identità culturale e artistica attraverso il recupero e la valorizzazione del suo patrimonio mobile e immobile. Il centro storico riacquisisce l'importanza politica, economica e sociale perduta grazie a una serie di eventi dal respiro mondiale di cui Genova è protagonista: le Colombiadi del 1992, il G8 del 2001, GeNova 2004 Capitale Europea della Cultura. In occasione di tali eventi il Porto Antico, fino agli anni '80 ancora precluso alla cittadinanza, viene in parte rinnovato da Renzo Piano, divenendo quello che oggi conosciamo come Expo. Tale progetto è solo una prima tappa di un percorso di riqualificazione che tuttora deve essere completato: dopo la visione urbanistica che l'Affresco di Piano aveva prospettato nel 2004, nel 2016 l'architetto genovese presenta una seconda proposta, il BluPrint. I grandi eventi che Genova ha ospitato dal 1990 a oggi sono stati, quindi, trampolino di lancio per una serie di proposte culturali non più solo a livello istituzionale ma anche da parte di realtà private o associazionistiche che investono in iniziative a carattere artistico al fine di rivitalizzare le zone periferiche che il centro ancora conserva.

Over the past two decades, southern Africa has experienced both exceptionally high AIDS prevalence and recurrent food shortages. International institutions have responded to these challenges by framing them as security concerns that demand urgent intervention. Young people are implicated in both crises and drawn into the securitisation discourse as agents (of risk and protection) and as (potential) victims. However, the concepts of security deployed by global institutions and translated into national policy do not reflect the ways in/security is experienced 'on the ground' as a subjective and embodied orientation to the future. This paper brings work on youth temporalities to bear on social and cultural geographies of in/security and securitisation. It reports on research that explored insecurities among young people in Lesotho and Malawi. It concludes that, by focusing on 'threats' in isolation, and seeking to protect 'society' as an abstract aggregate of people, global securitisation discourses fail either to engage with the complex contextualised ways in which marginalised people experience insecurity or to proffer the political responses that are needed if those felt insecurities are to be addressed. However, while securitisation is problematic, in/security is nonetheless an important element in young people's orientation to the future.

MacDonald and Guzmán demonstrate how the Mexican residents in the United States lobbied the Mexican government and Mexican consulates in the U.S. to secure their children's access to schooling from 1910-1929.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization guidelines have recommended that all cases of suspected malaria should receive a confirmatory test with microscopy or a malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT), however evidence from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) illustrates that only one-third of children under five with a recent fever received a test. The aim of this study was to evaluate availability, price and market share of microscopy and RDT from 2009/11 to 2014/15 in 8 SSA countries, to better understand barriers to improving access to malaria confirmatory testing in the public and private health sectors. RESULTS: Repeated national cross-sectional quantitative surveys were conducted among a sample of outlets stocking anti-malarial medicines and/or diagnostics. In total, 169,655 outlets were screened. Availability of malaria blood testing among all screened public health facilities increased significantly between the first survey wave in 2009/11 and the most recent in 2014/15 in Benin (36.2, 85.4%, p < 0.001), Kenya (53.8, 93.0%, p < 0.001), mainland Tanzania (46.9, 89.9%, p < 0.001), Nigeria (28.5, 86.2%, p < 0.001), Katanga, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) (76.0, 88.2%, p < 0.05), and Uganda (38.9, 95.6%, p < 0.001). These findings were attributed to an increase in availability of RDTs. Diagnostic availability remained high in Kinshasa (the DRC) (87.6, 97.6%) and Zambia (87.9, 91.6%). Testing availability in public health facilities significantly decreased in Madagascar (88.1, 73.1%, p < 0.01). In the most recent survey round, the majority of malaria testing was performed in the public sector in Zambia (90.9%), Benin (90.3%), Madagascar (84.5%), Katanga (74.3%), mainland Tanzania (73.5%), Uganda (71.8%), Nigeria (68.4%), Kenya (53.2%) and Kinshasa (51.9%). In the anti-malarial stocking private sector, significant increases in availability of diagnostic tests among private for-profit facilities were observed between the first and final survey rounds in Kinshasa (82.1, 94.0%, p < 0.05), Nigeria (37.0, 66.0%, p < 0.05), Kenya (52.8, 74.3%, p < 0.001), mainland Tanzania (66.8, 93.5%, p < 0.01), Uganda (47.1, 70.1%, p < 0.001), and Madagascar (14.5, 45.0%, p < 0.01). Blood testing availability remained low over time among anti-malarial stocking private health facilities in Benin (33.1, 20.7%), and high over time in Zambia (94.4, 87.5%), with evidence of falls in availability in Katanga (72.7, 55.6%, p < 0.05). Availability among anti-malarial stocking pharmacies and drug stores-which are the most common source of anti-malarial medicines-was rare in all settings, and highest in Uganda in 2015 (21.5%). Median private sector price of RDT for a child was equal to the price of pre-packaged quality-assured artemisinin-based combination therapy (QAACT) treatment for a two-year old child in some countries, and 1.5-2.5 times higher in others. Median private sector QAACT price for an adult varied from having parity with an RDT for an adult to being up to 2 times more expensive. The exception was in both Kinshasa and Katanga, where the median price of QAACT was less expensive than RDTs. CONCLUSIONS: Significant strides have been made in the availability of testing, mainly through the widespread distribution of RDT, and especially in public health facilities. Significant barriers to universal coverage of diagnostic testing can be attributed to very low availability in the private sector, particularly among pharmacies and drug stores, which are responsible for most anti-malarial distribution. Where tests are available, price may serve as a barrier to uptake, particularly for young children. Several initiatives that have introduced RDT into the private sector can be modified and expanded as a means to close this gap in malaria testing availability and promote universal diagnosis.

This study focuses on many of the positive impacts of military service on military spouses, children, and service members. In practice, service members should take steps to educate themselves about the benefits and programs available to them. Military spouses and parents who are service members should also be sure that their children are receiving any needed support and enrichment by utilizing quality education programs, sporting activities, and childcare. In policy, policymakers have implemented and appealed many policies to reduce discrimination because of one's race, sexuality, or sex in the military, and they may need to implement programs that clearly define unacceptable behavior as well as empower service members to reduce sexual harassment among their colleagues.

Bill introduced by the Texas House of Representatives relating to the feasibility of creating and maintaining a coastal barrier system.

This report addresses work covered in ANROWS research project 4.1 "Domestic and family violence protection orders in Australia: An investigation of information sharing and enforcement".