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Practical Research Methods for Nonprofit and Public Administrators, Second Edition, covers basic principles of research design, data collection, data analysis, reporting and ethical principles of research. The discussion describes the skills as they would be used in practice in a not-for-profit or public administration environment. The book gives pragmatic instructions for designing research to ensure that results will be accurate and administrators can have confidence in them. It covers techniques to assure that researchers are measuring what they intend to measure and in a way that will be useful and manageable. Sampling methods to find out about larger populations are discussed as are survey, interview, and focus group data collection procedures. The book describes how Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used to obtain information on the locations of service needs and providers and to draw maps showing these. Participatory research methods including community needs assessments and asset mapping are discussed. The book includes chapters on statistical analysis, visual displays of data, reporting of results and evaluation of programs. The use of computer programs for analyzing data is detailed and illustrated by examples. The appropriate software for analysis and mapping is discussed. A chapter updates the ethics and government requirements for research. Each chapter includes examples and exercises to enhance learning. The book is intended for administrators in not-for-profit and public administration organizations, providing practical skills that can be used in many situations. It is also intended for use as a text in academic programs in administration and management.

Last-mile delivery in cities, where the main problems are the traffic situation and ensuring access to customers homes while maintaining their privacy, poses a substantial logistical challenge. This book explores how the service area of mobility, especially last-mile delivery, can be improved and smartified. It demonstrates how a design science method and a transdisciplinary approach have been used to create a traffic area analysis tool that can accommodate the uncertainty and incompleteness of geospatial data; a linguistic traffic merging tool; and a customer classifier. In terms of developing the optimization artifacts, the socio-economic and logistical aspects of cities were considered and fuzzy logic and nature-inspired swarm intelligence (fuzzy ant colony optimization) were applied as basic principles. Pursuing a transdisciplinary approach, the book offers both practical know-how from the industry and theoretical findings, making it a valuable asset for researchers and practitioners in the fields of mobility and logistics.

This book explores the role of caravan transport and human porterage in the colony of German East Africa (present-day mainland Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi). With caravan mobility being of pivotal importance to colonial rule during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the exploration of vernacular transport and its governance during this period sheds new light on the trajectories of colonial statehood. The author addresses key questions such as the African resilience to colonial interventions, the issue of labor recruitment, and the volatility of colonial infrastructure. This book unveils a fundamental contradiction in the way that German administrators dealt with precolonial modes of transport in East Africa. While colonizers championed for the abolishment of caravan transport, they strongly depended on porters in the absence of pack animals or railways. To bring this contradiction to the fore, the author studies the shifting role of caravans in East Africa during the era of high imperialism. Uncovering the extent to which porters and caravan entrepreneurs challenged and shaped colonial policymaking, this book provides an insightful read for historians studying German Empire and African history, as well as those interested in the history of transport and infrastructure. Andreas Greiner is a research fellow in global and transregional history at the German Historical Institute Washington (GHI), in the USA.. Before joining the GHI, he was a postdoctoral fellow in the Max Weber Program at the European University Institute in Florence and a research assistant for the Chair of Modern History at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich). .

This book explores how the writers, poets, thinkers, historians, scientists, dilettantes and frauds of the long-nineteenth century addressed the "limit cases" regarding human existence that medicine continuously uncovered as it stretched the boundaries of knowledge. These cases cast troubling and distorted shadows on the culture, throwing into relief the values, vested interests, and power relations regarding the construction of embodied life and consciousness that underpinned the understanding of what it was to be alive in the long nineteenth century. Ranging over a period from the mid-eighteenth century through to the first decade of the twentieth centuryan era that has been called the Age of Sciencethe essays collected here consider the cultural ripple effects of those previously unimaginable revolutions in science and medicine on humanitys understanding of being. Lucy Cogan is Lecturer in English (Long-Eighteenth Century) at NUI Galway, Ireland. She has published a monograph on William Blake entitled Blake and the Failure of Prophecy (2021) and a range of articles and essays on gender and sexuality in Blakes writing, and on womens writing in the long-eighteenth century. Michelle OConnell is Lecturer in Romantic Literature at University College Dublin, Ireland. She has published essays and articles on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century poetry and fiction, and is currently working on a full-length study of the construction of the nineteenth-century female poetic subject. .

This book explores the early work and activities of Joan Robinson that focused on economic development within underdeveloped countries, in particular India before independence. By analysing the style of Robinsons thinking and economic analysis, and based on the works of Indian contemporaries, parts of The British Crown and the Indian States previously unattributed to her are seen to exhibit her preoccupation with poverty, backwardness, unemployment, the population problem, international trade, and the role of the state. Through keeping in mind Robinsons later work, the development of her ideas can be reflected upon, alongside critical perspectives. It also reveals the beginnings of her role as a public intellectual. This book aims to shed new light on Joan Robinsons work on development and to provide insight to an overlooked part of her research. It will be relevant to students and researchers interested in the history of economic thought, development economics and economic history. Pervez Tahir is President of the Council of Social Sciences, Pakistan. A PhD in Economics from Cambridge, he held the Joan Robinson Memorial Lectureship there in 1990 and Mahbub ulHaq Chair at GCU, Lahore. He served as Chief Economist of Planning Commission of Pakistan and Chairman, Bank of Punjab. .

This book shows how such a computational process functions, how great is its power and versatility, since it is possible to show how discoveries are made. In 1759, A. Smith realized that there must exist an additional powerful control mechanism behind Great Britains authority and government, explaining the extraordinary successes of Great Britain. He called this the Invisible Hand. Despite having used this term only 3 times, the idea evokes extreme scientific and political emotions to this day. If we apply a molecular model of computation, such as in in Adlemans DNA computer, a computational model for the Invisible Hand can be built to show how it affects a society. It is a spontaneous, unconscious, distributed, noncontinuous computational process on the platform of minds of, e.g., people or ants. Knowing this mechanism, a future self-steering and self-optimization system for AI robot teams can be proposed, e.g., for construction sites and rescue operations.

This volume focuses on the wider wellbeing costs within European countries as a result of the outbreak of the pandemic and the control measures implemented thereafter. In particular, it considers to what extent Covid-19 and measures taken to cope with the crisis have weakened economic and social structures across Europe and what effect this has had on peoples lives. While many countries in Europe have reallocated public funding to health care, provided support to SMEs, vulnerable populations and regions hit by the crisis, the wellbeing or welfare costs, considered broadly, are still significant. The authors' assessment thus goes beyond the subjective wellbeing discourse and evaluates to what extent structural weaknesses within economic, social and regional frameworks have deepened. The chapters discuss what policies are needed to address these weaknesses. the volume thus recognises that structural inequalities are a key driver of wellbeing. While there have been a number of publications on wellbeing during the pandemic, the original perspective in each chapter on inequalities and the European focus of this publication provide novel information and insights on the topic. .

This book offers a comparative perspective on the new wave of revolutions in the MENA region. Recently, a new wave of revolutions has swept the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, comparable in some respects to the events of the Arab Spring. Revolutionary events have significantly changed the political regimes in Sudan, Algeria and Mali, while Lebanon and Iraq have also witnessed serious revolutionary episodes. Further, a new quality of protests has manifested in Iran, Egypt, Morocco and Jordan. Presenting a variety of country studies, this book identifies similarities and differences between the events of the Arab Spring and the current upheavals in the MENA region and examines their causes and world-system context. It also analyzes the motivating forces, goals and organizational forms of the protesters and other actors involved, as well as the political and economic consequences of these revolutionary events. Moreover, it seeks to understand why some countries that were actively involved in the Arab Spring have remained largely unaffected by these developments. The book appeals to scholars of political science with a focus on comparative politics, Middle Eastern politics and political sociology.

"This important book brings up what in contemporary social theorising has been forgotten and ignored, namely taken for granted institutions. These institutions are the invisible kit that makes social order prevail. Herranen shows by a detailed and scholarly analysis that institutions, as relationally emerging phenomena, are the backbone of the social fabric. The timely book is a novel and valuable contribution to social theory, and the usefulness of the theoretical analysis is applied to the contemporary capitalistic society." Patrik Aspers, Chair of Sociology, University of St. Gallen, Switzerland "The problem of social order, how humans unconsciously coordinate, is perhaps the central problem of social theory, dividing, for example, historical Institutionalists from scholars of ideas and ideology. Herranen seeks to reconcile these disparate views, and he does so by rehabilitating Parsonian functionalism by embedding it in a relational ontology. The result is a deeply sociological and yet non-realist account of social life." Mark Blyth, The William R. Rhodes 57 Professor of International Economics, Brown University, US The book addresses the problem of institutionalised order in modern capitalist societies with highly developed division of labour. Via thorough critique and reconstruction of neo institutionalist theory, classical social theories, and critical ideology theory, The Invisible Order introduces the first relational theory of social institutions to explain in detail how individuals end up encountering institutions as objective. Thus synthesising integrative and conflicting social relations, this timely and useful relational examination of social institutions reveals how complex societies can keep functioning even though their orders are constantly contradicted by multiple disordering endeavours and tendencies. Olli Herranen is a researcher at University of Helsinki, Finland. His work has focused on social theory, climate-change denialism, and the political economy and public administration of both Finland and the European Union. .

This book tackles the question of border control in and around imperial Japan in the first half of the twentieth century, with a specific focus on its documentation regime. It explores the institutional development, media and literary discourses, and on[1]the-ground practices of documentary identification in the Japanese empire and the places visited by its subjects. The contributing authors, covering such regions as Korea, Manchuria, Taiwan, Siberia, Australia, and the United States, place the question of individual identity in the eyes of the respective governments in dialogue with the global developments of the identification and mobility control practices. The chapters suggest the importance of focusing more than previously on the narrative of individual identification, not as a tool for creating nation states but as a tool for generating, strengthening, and maintaining asymmetrical relationships between people of different socioeconomic backgrounds who moved in and out of empires. This book joins the effort in the recent scholarship in migration history to highlight experiences of migrants beyond the transatlantic world, and that in East Asian history to investigate the space and connections beyond the boundaries of the nation states. By bringing together the analyses on the trans-Pacific mobility and Japans imperial expansion and its aftermath in East Asia, it shows a complex interplay between state power and moving individuals, two forces whose relationships went far beyond simple competition. Takahiro Yamamoto is Assistant Professor of Cultural Economic History at Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Germany. His focus is on the history of modern Japan, especially with regard to its borders, cross-border connections, and human mobility. Prior to coming to Heidelberg, Germany, he was a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Research Fellow (2016-2017), affiliated with the Graduate Schools of Law and Politics at the University of Tokyo. He has also served as a Global Perspectives on Society Teaching Fellow at New York University Shanghai. .

This edited book explores stories of linguistic and spiritual identity in the urban and rural Australian landscape. It is an innovative mix of thirty six personal narratives and eleven research studies, which together offer accounts of the intersection of languages, religion and spirituality in peoples lives. Teachers of Indigenous languages speak of the critical connection between language revitalization, the spirituality of Country, and well-being. Both new and long-established diaspora individuals speak of the often complex but vital joint role of language and faith in belonging and heritage. The new dimension which the book brings to multilingualism is relevant to all complex global societies. Language and Spirit is ideal for both the general reader interested in community languages and interfaith issues, and academics in global intercultural studies and Applied Linguistics study wishing to gain a nuanced insight into the Language and Spirit intersection. Robyn Moloney is an Honorary Senior Lecturer at Macquarie University, Australia. Formerly a language teacher in schools she became a language teacher educator and researcher. Her many book and journal publications cover personal development in learners and teachers through language learning. She currently works in supporting teacher intercultural development. Shenouda Mansour is a Priest of the Coptic Orthodox Church, Australia. His research has investigated attitudes to identity and language in a Coptic school. He is the General Secretary of NSW Ecumenical Council, a body which builds networks across churches. He is the director of Coptic Orthodox Community Outreach Service, and is a radio program producer.

This book discusses the pros and cons of information and communication (ICT) neutrality. It tries to be as objective as possible from arguments of proponents and opponents, this way enabling readers to build their own opinion. It presents the history of the ongoing network neutrality debate, the various concepts it encompasses, and also some mathematical developments illustrating optimal strategies and potential counter-intuitive results, then extends the discussion to connected ICT domains. The book thus touches issues related to history, economics, law, networking, and mathematics. After an introductory chapter on the history of the topic, chapter 2 surveys and compares the various laws in place worldwide and discusses some implications of heterogeneous rules in several regions. Next, chapter 3 details the arguments put forward by the participants of the net neutrality debate. Chapter 4 then presents how the impact of neutral or non-neutral behaviors can be analyzed mathematically, with sometimes counter-intuitive results, and emphasizes the interest of modeling to avoid bad decisions. Chapter 5 illustrates that content providers may not always be on the pro-neutrality side, as there are situations where they may have an economic advantage with a non-neutral situation, e.g. when they are leaders on a market and create barriers to entry for competitors. Another related issue is covered in chapter 6, which discusses existing ways for ISPs to circumvent the packet-based rules and behave non-neutral without breaking the written law. Chapter 7 gives more insight on the role and possible non-neutral behavior of search engines, leading to another debate called the search neutrality debate. Chapter 8 focuses on e-commerce platforms and social networks, and investigates how they can influence users actions and opinions. The issue is linked to the debate on the transparency of algorithms which is active in Europe especially. Chapter 9 focuses on enforcing neutrality in practice through measurements: indeed, setting rules requires monitoring the activity of ICT actors in order to sanction non-appropriate behaviors and be proactive against new conducts. The chapter explains why this is challenging and what tools are currently available. Eventually, Chapter 10 briefly concludes the presentation and opens the debate.

This book traces the social backgrounds, educational experiences and subsequent lives of women who attended the university colleges in Wales from their inception to the outbreak of the Second World War. Using a sample of 2,000 graduates, the book foregrounds the experience of working-class women and critically assesses the claim of social inclusivity built around education in Wales. It charts changes and continuities in womens career prospects; explores graduates relationship with the communities in which they studied, lived, and worked; and, finally, examines the extensive networks which underpinned their personal and professional lives. Beth Jenkins is a Visiting Fellow and former British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Essex, UK.

This book offers a fascinating study of the Egyptian economy from 1952 to now. The prescriptions provided will be of value to not just those who work on Egypt but anybody with an interest in development policy. Kaushik Basu, Professor of Economics and Carl Marks Professor of International Studies, Cornell University and former Chief Economist of the World Bank This masterful analysis of Egypts policymaking over the past 70 years is an important contribution to understanding how crises, disruptions and bad ideas have impeded the country from realizing its potential. Look to this book for key insights that can help pave the way for durable high-quality growth. Mohamed El-Erian, President, Queens College, Cambridge University This is a brilliant case study of an important country. But much more than that, it is full of insights for Egypt and also an important contribution to our understanding of the political economy of growth and development. A. Michael Spence, Nobel Laureate in Economics This book frames an optimal policy agenda for Egyptian decision-makers to create a better future for the Egyptian people in the face of todays big crises. In showing how Egypt can best navigate risks and seize the opportunities of the current period of intense flux and transition, the authors provide useful lessons for other governments struggling to respond to the challenges of our age.

This book is grounded in an extended analogy between the 19th century story of the Underground Railroad in North America, transporting fugitive slaves to safety in the North, and the 21st century routes and trails of migrant passages to and within Europe. It begins as a kind of historical travelogue tracing the remnants of the 19th-century Underground Railroad in the US and Canada, including its legacies and unfulfilled heritage. It then shifts to the political present by ethnographically sketching a series of different border instances and situations, both external and within the EU space (Ventimiglia, Athens, Paris, Calais, Ceuta and Melilla, Patras, Pozzallo). Focusing on the violent harshening of local border regimes, this book nonetheless suggests a different picture, one conceived as the dynamic effect of both migrants autonomy and of the solidarity provided by local and international groups. Focusing on these specific and contested situations, it is possible to reverse the image of a main borderland into one of a space crisscrossed by many routes and passages. Reading those experiences through the historical lens of the US antebellum Underground Railroad, the book suggests the idea of an analogous "Underground Europe". Luca Queirolo Palmas is Professor of Sociology of Migration at Genoa University, Italy, and Co-editor of the journal Mondi Migranti. Federico Rahola is Professor of Sociology of Culture at Genoa University, Italy, and member of the editorial board of Etnografia e Ricerca Qualitativa. They are both principal and senior investigators in the European Research Council project SOLROUTES and founders of the research collective Laboratorio di Sociologia Visuale.