Suchergebnisse

Existing models of international organizations focus on the strategic and commercial interests of major shareholders to explain why some countries secure better deals from international organizations. Focusing on the International Monetary Fund (IMF), we argue that the Fund's major shareholders pressure the IMF to minimize short-term adjustment costs in the borrowing country when they host a large number of the country's nationals. Stringent loan packages often exacerbate short-term economic distress in the borrowing country, which in turn causes more people to migrate to countries where their co-ethnics reside. Analyzing all IMF programs from 1978 to 2014, we assess our hypothesis that IMF borrowers with larger diasporas in the major IMF shareholder countries tend to secure better arrangements from the IMF. Our findings show that when migration pressures on the G5 countries increase, borrowing countries receive larger loan disbursements and fewer conditions.

In dieser Abhandlung werden Aufgaben, Akteure und Probleme der internationalen Sozialpolitik erörtert. Zur internationalen Sozialpolitik werden alle zwischenstaatlichen Beziehungen auf sozialpolitischem Gebiet gezählt. Hierzu gehören also nicht nur staatliche Aktivitäten. Auch andere Bemühungen wie Kontakte, Erfahrungsaustausch usw. zwischen den Staaten mit dem Ziel von den Erfahrungen der anderen zu lernen, soziale Probleme gemeinsam zu lösen, machen den Inhalt internationaler Sozialpolitik aus. Akteure internationaler Sozialpolitik sind nicht nur die Staaten und deren Regierungen. Es sind ebenso die Sozialpartner und ihre internationalen Zusammenschlüsse, andere Verbände und Organisationen, die sozialpolitisch tätig sind, aber auch Betriebe. Die für Sozialpolitik zuständige Sonderorganisation im Verband der Vereinten Nationen ist die IAO. An ihrem Beispiel werden Aktivitäten und Instrumente internationaler Sozialpolitik erläutert. (GF)

This book challenges the dominant intellectual assumptions of mainstream international law scholarship regarding the principle of Sovereign Equality. The animus and scope of this challenge is situated in the context of the decision-making processes in International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) which employ the `one state, one vote' and/or the `weighted voting' rule. Using the theories of Functionalism and Legitimacy to analyze the legal implications and complications of the principal voting mechanisms and voting practices of certain key IGOs vis-à-vis the doctrine of Sovereign Equality, the author establishes that this doctrine has remained far too orthodox for contemporary realities. In this context, she emphasizes the importance of the necessity for functional legitimate decision-making processes in global governance, and, accordingly, advocates the elimination of the anachronistic and non-viable principle of Sovereign Equality from international institutional law. The author also rejects the introduction of any new principle in IGOs - e.g. democratic governance - which will render decision-making even less functional

Half Title -- Series Information -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Table of Cases -- Table of Treaties -- Notes on Contributors -- Introduction: Non-state Actors, Changing Actors and Subjects of International Law -- 1 The Usefulness of the Category of 'Non- state actors' in International Law -- 2 Actors and the Persistent Notion of the 'Subject of International Law' -- 3 Overview of Chapters in the Volume -- Select Bibliography -- Part 1 Changing International Norm-Makers -- Chapter 1 Sovereignty's Accommodations: Quasi-States as International Lawmakers -- 1 Defining the Field -- 2 Quasi-state Participation in Treaties -- 2.1 Multilateral Treaties -- 2.2 Bilateral Treaties -- 3 Quasi-state Participation in International Organizations -- 4 Quasi-state Participation in International Dispute Settlement -- 5 Concluding Thoughts on the Importance of Quasi-state Contributions -- Acknowledgment -- Select Bibliography -- Chapter 2 Quasi-States and Sport: Building a Case for Statehood -- 1 Introduction: Why Are They at the Olympics? -- 2 Conceptualizing Statehood -- 3 The Global Sport Regime -- 4 State Participation in Global Sport -- 5 Quasi-State Case Studies -- 5.1 German Democratic Republic -- 5.2 Kosovo -- 5.3 Palestine -- 5.4 Taiwan -- 5.5 Puerto Rico -- 5.6 South Africa -- 6 The Relationship between Political Success and Sporting Success -- 6.1 Does Participation in Sport Achieve Quasi-State Goals? -- 6.2 Does Sporting Success Lead to Political Success? -- 7 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- Select Bibliography -- Chapter 3 Self-Determination Claimant Groups and the Creation of International Norms -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Defining Non-State Actors as Subjects of International Law -- 3 The Right of Self-determination in International Law -- 3.1 Self-determination and International Legal Personality.

IN THE POST-COLD WAR ERA MULITILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS HAVE BEGUN TO QUESTION WHAT GOOD GOVERNANCE MEANS FOR THE WAY IN WHICH THEY ARE STRUCTURED AND IN WHICH THEY MAKE AND IMPLEMENT DECISIONS. THE AUTHOR SEEKS TO DETERMINE WHAT STANDARDS ARE RELEVANT TO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IF THEY ARE TO BECOME MORE PARTICIPATORY, ACCOUNTABLE, AND TRANSPARENT, PRIMARILY BY PROBING WHAT GOOD GOVERNANCE MEANS FOR RELATIONS AMONG STATES IN MULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS. THE FIRST SECTION OF THE ARTICLE EXPLORES THE CONCEPT OF GOOD GOVERNANCE, HOW IT HAS EMERGED, AND WHAT ITS CORE PRINCIPLES MEAN. THE EMPHASIS IN THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS IS ON INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE. IN CONCLUSION, THE AUTHOR RELATES THE ARTICLE'S FINDINGS ON INTERNATIONAL GOVERNANCE TO THE BROADER QUESTIONS AND ISSUES RAISED BY GLOBAL GOVERNANCE.