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In a world changing with globalization, governments have to use soft power to be able to take place in international politics. Public diplomacy, which is the field of soft power application; is the transformation of negative perceptions into positive perceptions, the establishment and execution of inter-communal relations and the creation of the country's image. By using public diplomacy, which is the soft power key, governments reach their goals, stay on the agenda in international politics and influence other countries. Public diplomacy uses the many fields of activity to deliver the messages that it wants to convey. Sports organizations, concerts, festivals, international congresses and international cultural and artistic activities have the feature of being an important field of activity in this sense. Sports organizations, among these activities, have become a field used in the transfer of many political messages over the past century and will continue to exist today.

Der vorliegende Beitrag analysiert den durch die Digitalisierung bedingten Druck auf das Bibliothekswesen und die Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft sowie auf die zunehmende Bedeutung der Bibliotheken als Begegnungsorte und -arenen für die Öffentlichkeit. Beide Entwicklungstendenzen stellen die Notwendigkeit von Bibliothekaren als Vermittler zwischen Nutzern und Informationsquellen in Frage. Das Navigieren und Suchen nach Informationen in einer digitalen Welt, wenn die Welt selbst eine Bibliothek geworden ist, ist alles andere als trivial und die traditionellen Kompetenzen der Bibliothekare in Bezug auf das Suchen und Finden von Informationen sind so relevant wie eh und je. LIS-Ausbildungseinrichtungen sollten ihren Studenten auch die theoretische Werkzeuge zur Verfügung stellen, die ihnen helfen, über die Rolle und das Potenzial von Bibliotheken in Bezug auf die Herausforderungen einer nachhaltigen öffentlichen Sphäre im digitalen und multikulturellen Zeitalter nachzudenken. LIS-Ausbildungseinrichtungen sollten ihren Studenten auch die historische Kontinuität und das Erbe von Bibliotheken als Institutionen der öffentlichen Sphäre vermitteln. ; This article analyses the pressure against librarianship and library and information science stemming from digitization and the increased importance attached to libraries' role as meeting places and arenas for the public sphere. Both these developmental tendencies make many question the need of librarians as intermediaries between users and the sources of information. The navigating and searching for information in a digital world when the world itself has become a library, is far from trivial and the traditional competencies of librarians relating to searching for and finding information is as relevant as ever. LIS schools should also provide their students with theoretical tools helping them reflect upon the role and potential of libraries in relation to the challenges to upholding a sustainable public sphere in a digital and multicultural age. LIS schools should also convey to their students the historical continuity and legacy of libraries as public sphere institutions.

This contribution addresses the civic mobilisation initiated in Alge on 22 Gulf 2019 by building the takeovers, as reflected in political discourse and social science work, of a political-led society embraced in the trauma of the country1990. It shows that the Hirak is the expression of deep dynamics of change and change that have worked, at the bottom and silently, the society in its multiple components. ; International audience In order to analyse the citizen mobilisation which started in Algeria in February 2019, the author deconstructs the representations of a depoliticized society trapped in the trauma of the 1990s, that have dominated the political discourse and social science research. She demonstrates that the Hirak movement was the expression of far-reaching changes and mutations that have quietly affected the various components of society at the grassroots. ; This contribution addresses the civic mobilisation initiated in Alge on 22 Gulf 2019 by building the takeovers, as reflected in political discourse and social science work, of a political-led society embraced in the trauma of the country1990. It shows that the Hirak is the expression of deep dynamics of change and change that have worked, at the bottom and silently, the society in its multiple components. ; Cette contribution aborde la mobilisation citoyenne initiée en Algérie le 22 février 2019 en déconstruisant les représentations, telles qu'elles ont prévalu dans les discours politiques et les travaux en sciences sociales, d'une société dépolitisée et enfermée dans le traumatisme des années 1990. Elle démontre que le Hirak est l'expression de dynamiques profondes de mutations et de changements qui ont travaillé, par le bas et silencieusement, la société dans ses composantes multiples.

Foreign labour and the economic crisis / Jeanne Singer-Kerel -- Black youth, economic marginalization and the State in Britain / John Solomos -- Migrations, social mobility and cultural identity / Manuel Luis Marinho Antunes -- Residential segregation, socio-economic integration and behavioral assimilation / Helga Leitner -- Theoretical and methodological data for a quasi-experimental investigation of the problems of socialization of the children of Spanish workers in the Federal Republic of Germany / José Vericat -- Conflictual cultural identity of second generation immigrants / Hanna Malewska-Peyre -- Integration process of second generation migrants / Ursula Mehrländer -- Structural marginality and the role of cultural identity for migrant youth / Czarina Wilpert -- Language, integration, identity / Els Oksaar -- Some psycho-linguistic aspects of second language acquisition among migrant workers / Henning Wode -- Problems and opportunities of the Greek migrants returning from Western Europe / Rossetos Fakiolas -- Socio-cultural integration in Germany and reintegration of the migrants returning to Greece / George Siampos & Loukia M. Mousourou

Investigates why people reject an evolutionary account of complex biological systems to argue that Darwin's evolutionary mechanism does not explain the innovation of entirely new structures. Biological innovation is increasingly acknowledged by biologists working in the field of evolutionary developmental biology (EvoDevo). The phenotypic plasticity implied by EvoDevo that was suppressed by Cold War politics now emerges as an evolutionary developmental biology. The creationist challenge to neo-Darwinian incrementalist scenarios & credulous positing of a nano-engineer God creates more puzzles than it solves. The discourse around evolution must open to scientific perspectives beyond Darwinism that can discuss new scientific principles of self-organization on the nano-scale. J. Harwell

Transcultural Experience and Multiple Biographies as a Research TopicTransculturality refers to the traditional understanding of culture as self-contained, concentrated around its own center and producing clear borders. "Trans" signifies the act of crossing; it signifies overcoming such borders. It looks at phenomena, people, and notions that are not limited to one communicational environment, but are represented in multiple locations, or contexts. Or rather—they cannot be fully ascribed to one "culture," because they exhibit, traits of both (or more) cultures. Culture studies often describe, also, people with "trans" life stories; it is not a matter of simple crossing of borders, living a bit in one environment and a bit in another. The point is that their sense of belonging is of a mixed, ambiguous character, and their identity is blurred. It is a question of practices that they draw from two or more sources, creating a peculiar amalgam characteristic of living "in between." Transculturality, just like multiple biographies, means both partial belonging and dual belonging, which is very well illustrated by the case studies presented in the volume: they have in a way, varied roots, which means they bear unique, hybrid fruit. Doświadczenie transkulturowe i biografie wielorakie jako temat badawczyTranskulturowość odnosi się do tradycyjnego pojmowania kultury jako samowystarczalnej, skoncentrowanej na sobie i wytwarzającej wyraźne granice. Przyrostek "trans" oznacza akt przekraczania tak wytyczonych granic. Kategoria transkulturowości skłania do patrzenia na zjawiska, biografie i pojęcia jako coś, co nie ogranicza się do jednego środowiska komunikacyjnego, lecz występuje bądź przejawia się w wielu miejscach i kontekstach. Można też powiedzieć, że nie można ich przypisać do jednej "kultury", ponieważ reprezentują cechy dwóch (lub więcej) wspólnot kulturowych. Studia kulturowe często zajmują się osobami, czyje historie życia mają taki właśnie charakter "trans-graniczny" charakter. Nie chodzi przy tym jedynie o proste przejście granic, życie trochę w jednym, a trochę w drugim środowisku. Istotne jest to, że poczucie przynależności staje się niejasne lub wielorakie. Pojawia się na przykład kwestia praktyk związanych z dwoma lub więcej źródłami wzorców, co tworzy specyficzny amalgamat życia "pomiędzy". Transkulturowość, podobnie jak biografie wielorakie, oznacza zarówno częściową, jak i zróżnicowaną identyfikację, którą świetnie ilustrują studia przypadków przedstawione w trzecim numerze "Colloquia Humanistica"; można by rzec, iż mają one różnorodne korzenie, przez co rodzą wyjątkowe, hybrydyczne owoce.