Suchergebnisse

'Pope Pius XII: Architect for Peace' by Margherita Marchione is reviewed.

Architecture without architects : an unvoluntary aesthetics ?

The problem of the aesthetics of rural architecture has been handled, or covered up, in various ways by specialists in their analyses, typologies and inventory procedures, as well as in the practical applications of their research. Various disciplines have treated this topic differently depending on their conceptual approaches and methods as well as their social and institutional histories. In this respect, it is telling to compare what ethnologists, art historians and architects have to say.

Even before the victory in 1945, the "Great Patriotic War" gave a new dimension to the architectural practice in the USSR: hitherto for interior use, it became an exportable article. Reconstructions of cities such as Stalingrad, Kiev and Minsk served as models proposed to the capitals of countries now under the orbit of the USSR. In 1944, Aleksei Shchusev was sent with Karo Alabian and Arkady Mordvinov in Bulgaria to intervene on the reorganization of Sofia. Mordvinov was again in 1949 the Soviet voice in the Bucharest "Casa Scânteii" competition - which resulted in a Romanian variant of the Moscow Lomonosov University formal principles. Similarly, Aleksandr Vlassov was sent to Berlin to examine the plans of the German team in charge of the Stalin-Allee. Similar missions were entrusted to Lev Roudnev and Viatcheslav Oltarjevski in Riga in 1951, while Rudnev realized the Warsaw Palace of Culture. These Russian architects had a significant influence during the Stalin Era, reorienting and deeply transforming the projects of their colleagues in the Eastern Bloc republics. In fact, their intervention was less that of a big brother than that of a paternalist godfather who put back in trails the lost sons...

The thesis draws up the portrait of Robert Joly (1928-2012), and through him one time of renewal of the trades and postures of the architect in the years 1960-1990 in France. Robert Joly crosses the major debates of the profession and often takes an even militant active part there, either by architectural construction, or by other media. The graduate architect of the Art schools is also town planner of formation. Between 1928 and 1957, it constitutes its personal luggage of references: the taste of the territory, the choice of L '' modern architecture Scandinavian and the heritage of French town planning. Between 1958 and 1969, it explores the place of town planning in practice architectural, since installation and territorial planning until the urban and landscape integration of the projects. But the architect builds also much during this decade, arriving at the end of the years 1960 at the synthesis of an architectural practice complexes, hybrid and rich. Its works are directed in the viable direction of modus operandi, making it possible architectural modernity to continue by acclimatizing it to geographical, human and cultural contexts. From the middle of the years 1960, he wonders with those of his generation on becoming to it modernity in crisis, and about the evolution of the roles of the architect. New practices open then, of which architectural assistance and research. The architect continues to build, being interested in the contribution of the social sciences in the buildings, in link with the claims carried per May 68. The commitment of the architect as intellectual still passes by the political militancy, and the writing and teaching ; La thèse dresse le portrait de Robert Joly (1928-2012), et à travers lui d'une époque de renouvellement des métiers et postures de l'architecte dans les années 1960-1990 en France. Robert Joly traverse les débats majeurs de la profession et y prend souvent une part active voire militante, soit par la construction architecturale, soit par d'autres médias écrits. ...

The thesis draws up the portrait of Robert Joly (1928-2012), and through him one time of renewal of the trades and postures of the architect in the years 1960-1990 in France. Robert Joly crosses the major debates of the profession and often takes an even militant active part there, either by architectural construction, or by other media. The graduate architect of the Art schools is also town planner of formation. Between 1928 and 1957, it constitutes its personal luggage of references: the taste of the territory, the choice of L '' modern architecture Scandinavian and the heritage of French town planning. Between 1958 and 1969, it explores the place of town planning in practice architectural, since installation and territorial planning until the urban and landscape integration of the projects. But the architect builds also much during this decade, arriving at the end of the years 1960 at the synthesis of an architectural practice complexes, hybrid and rich. Its works are directed in the viable direction of modus operandi, making it possible architectural modernity to continue by acclimatizing it to geographical, human and cultural contexts. From the middle of the years 1960, he wonders with those of his generation on becoming to it modernity in crisis, and about the evolution of the roles of the architect. New practices open then, of which architectural assistance and research. The architect continues to build, being interested in the contribution of the social sciences in the buildings, in link with the claims carried per May 68. The commitment of the architect as intellectual still passes by the political militancy, and the writing and teaching ; La thèse dresse le portrait de Robert Joly (1928-2012), et à travers lui d'une époque de renouvellement des métiers et postures de l'architecte dans les années 1960-1990 en France. Robert Joly traverse les débats majeurs de la profession et y prend souvent une part active voire militante, soit par la construction architecturale, soit par d'autres médias écrits. ...

For more than four decades, the New Zealand Institute of Economic Research (NZIER) has conducted a two-question, quarterly survey of architect forecasts of public and private sector construction expenditure. This qualitative survey is published one week after the end of each quarter and nine weeks ahead of the official quantitative data thereby giving architect opinion nowcasting status. This paper covers selected aspects of this unexplored series with particular reference to residential housing construction and the value-added information from architects as nowcasters. Specifically, we consider several qualitative-to-quantitative conversion methods, in-sample and out-of-sample performance, cyclical features and respondent dynamics. Although our work relates to architects — a sub-sector of the service industry — our results have a wider application to business survey questions using ordered qualitative responses.

The paper analyses architects as a professional group in General Government (GG) during the Second World War. It showcases some of their design work, projects, employment, education, and other aspects of everyday life in an occupied country. The focus is on architects working in three cities: the former Polish capital of Warsaw, the GG's new capital city of Cracow, and Zakopane, localized in the Tatra Mountains, which was intended to become a modern resort and sport center. The paper also mentions cases from Zamość and Radom. Most of the projects were realized by Polish architects employed by the German authorities. In Zakopane, Polish architects had a stronger position and more freedom in their work than in the other cities of GG. The article investigates the relationships between architecture and politics as well as the ideological impact of the architects' work. Using unpublished archival sources, it evaluates the post-war requitals of the German architect Hubert Groß and a Polish colleague Stefan Żychoń. Neither of the two had to face a court after the war due to his activity as an architect during the occupation. Groß was accused of having been a member in different Nazi organizations, and Stefan Żychoń was suspended from the Association of Polish Architects for one year. For political reasons, both German and Polish architects seldom included war-related activities in their official curricula after 1945. In Poland they remain a taboo until today.

Architecture is a challenging profession. The education is rigorous and the licensing process lengthy; the industry is volatile and compensation lags behind other professions. All architects make a huge investment to be able to practice, but additional obstacles are placed in the way of women and people of color. Structural Inequality relates this disparity through the stories of twenty black architects from around the United States and examines the sociological context of architectural practice. Through these experiences, research, and observation, Victoria Kaplan explores the role systemic racism plays in an occupation commonly referred to as the 'white gentlemen's profession.' Given the shifting demographics of the United States, Kaplan demonstrates that it is incumbent on the profession to act now to create a multicultural field of practitioners who mirror the changing client base. Structural Inequality provides the context to inform and facilitate the necessary conversation on increasing diversity in architecture

Émergeant au début du XIXe siècle en tant que profession libérale, les architectes ont dû définir la spécificité de leur rôle dans le processus de la construction face à des rivaux de deux types, les ingénieurs issus des grands corps d'État et les entrepreneurs du bâtiment. Cette différenciation fonde la figure de l'architecte-artiste, un intellectuel dont le projet est à la base de la production architecturale. Croissant de façon notable dans la seconde partie du XIXe siècle, la profession d'architecte présente une extrême hétérogénéité, tant dans les formations que dans les situations. Le cadre législatif établi par la IIIe République va permettre à la profession de s'organiser en associations professionnelles pour faire valoir ses revendications. La vie associative, si elle écarte alors l'instauration d'un titre officiel limitant l'exercice, contribue pourtant à la codification de la profession. L'approbation par les sociétés d'architectes d'un texte déontologique présenté par la société dominante signale l'adhésion à une culture professionnelle et à un ensemble de valeurs libérales et méritocratiques. L'identification au statut d'intellectuel légitime ainsi la distinction sociale d'avec la profession commerciale et artisanale d'entrepreneur.

Abstract
Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592), author of the Essays (published in successive, revised and expanded editions from 1580 until after his death), deserves to be recognized as the first) philosophic architect of modern liberalism, that is, a doctrine that advocates the advancement of individual liberty (under law), and consequently a reduction in the scope and purpose of government to securing what are represented by Montaigne's successors (Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, and the American Founders) as people's inherent rights to their life, liberty, property, and the "pursuit of happiness" as they conceive it. His outward, periodic professions of extreme conservatism and of homage to the Catholic Church are merely a rhetorical cover designed to protect the author from being persecuted (and his book from being banned). As a practitioner of what he describes as esoteric rhetoric (attributing it to the ancient political philosophers), Montaigne invites careful readers to see through his rhetorical concealment by noting how his conservative professions are undermined by the overall train of his reasoning and argument. Although Montaigne's argument for liberal individualism may have gone too far in its influence over the long run (that is, the 21st century), we citizens of modern liberal regimes owe him a debt of gratitude for helping to liberate us from the reign of arbitrary monarchs, oppressive aristocrats, and clerical oppressors.

This study investigates the changing understanding of the role of the architect in Italy during the sixteenth century by examining frontispieces to published architectural treatises. From analysis of these illustrations four attributes emerge as important to new societal understandings of the role of architect. The first attribute is the desire to delineate the boundaries of knowledge for architecture as a discipline, relevant to sixteenth-century society. The second is the depiction of the architect, as an intellectual engaged in the resolution of practical, political, economic and philosophical considerations of his practice. The third represents the architect having a specific domain of activity in the design of civic spaces of magnificence not only for patrons but also for the city per se. The fourth represents the architect and society as perceiving a commonality of an architectural role beyond the boundary of individual locations and patrons. Five treatises meet the criteria set for this study: Sebastiano Serlio's Regole generali di architetura sopra le Cinque maniere de gli edifici cioè, Toscano, Dorico, Ionico, Corinthio, et Composito, con gli essempi dell'antiquita, che, per la magior parte concordano con la dottrina di Vitruvio, 1537, his, Il Terzo libro nel qual si figurano, e descrivono le antichita di Roma, 1540, Cosimo Bartoli's translation of Alberti's De re aedificatoria titled L'architettura di Leonbattista Alberti, tradotta in lingua fiorentina da Cossimo Bartoli, Gentilhuomo, & Academico Fiorentino, 1550; Daniele Barbaro's translation and commentary on Vitruvius' De'architetura titled, I dieci libri dell'architettura di M. Vitruvio tradutti et commentati da monsignor Barbaro eletto Patriarca d'Aquileggia, 1556; and Andrea Palladio's I quattro libri dell'architettura, 1570. A second aim for the study was to review the usefulness of frontispieces as an historical archive. It was found that frontispieces visually structure important ideas by providing a narrative with meaning as an integral ...