Suchergebnisse

Abstract
In this article we investigate the relationship between different educational systems and the citizenship activity of young people. We refer to a three-dimensional citizenship model developed by Zalewska and Krzywosz-Rynkiewicz: passive (patriotism and national activity); semi-active (loyalty and civic virtues); and active (political, social personal and action for change). A total of 1719 18-year-old students who almost completed their citizenship education at all levels of schooling, from fourteen European countries, were evaluated using the Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire. The results show that citizenship education is most effective when delivered as a separate subject at two levels of the educational system. However, the above does not apply to two types of citizenship behaviour: (1) personal activity, which flourishes when citizenship education is integrated with other subjects and is delivered at two levels of education; and (2) political activity, which is highest when citizenship education is integrated with other subjects and taught at one level only. The analysed models of citizenship education seem to promote different types of citizenship behaviour. Integration of citizenship education with other subjects enhances the willingness to participate in political life. Teaching citizenship using a mixed intensive model (integrated and as a school subject) is associated with higher levels of personal activity, whereas limiting it a school subject contributes to patriotism.

By what standard of proof-—and by what procedures—-can the U.S. government challenge citizenship status? That question has taken on greater urgency in recent years. News reports discuss cases of individuals whose passports were suddenly denied, even after the government had previously recognized their citizenship for years or even decades. The government has also stepped up efforts to reevaluate the naturalization files of other citizens and has asked for funding to litigate more than a thousand denaturalization cases. Likewise, citizens have gotten swept up in immigration enforcement actions, and thousands of citizens have been erroneously detained or removed from the United States. Most scholarly treatment of citizenship rights has focused on the substantive protection of those rights. But the procedures by which citizenship cases are litigated are just as important—and sometimes more important—to ensure that citizenship rights are safe. This Article analyzes the due process implications of citizenship litigation in the United States. It examines different stages at which the citizenship question is judicially resolved, including denaturalization, removal and exclusion, and restrictions on the exercise of citizenship rights such as voting, working, and traveling. The Article concludes that the structure of U.S. democracy relies on the stability of citizenship and requires heightened procedural protections when the government challenges an individual's citizenship. In the words of Justice Frankfurter, "The history of liberty has largely been the history of observance of procedural safeguards." Those procedural safeguards are needed to ensure that the judicial branch can remain the stalwart protector of a key pillar of our constitutional democracy.

International audience ; The notion of civic agency gains relevance in the discussions about declining participation in democracy. This article argues that we need to take a 'cultural turn' in our understanding of such agency, seeing citizenship not just in formal terms but also in regard to meaning, practices, communication and identities. It pulls together various strands of thought that are helpful in conceptualizing civic agency, first from the republican conception of democracy, and then from perspectives on civil society. Thereafter it focuses on public spheres and the civic competencies associated with them, particularly the communicative variety. Finally, it critically addresses the notion of deliberative democracy, a concept that has come to signal the mode of communicative interaction of the public sphere, and suggests that this view of civic communication ignores a number of important issues in regard to the cultural aspects of civic competence.

Political, economic, technological and cultural changes have taken place all over the globe, changes which have transformed the meanings of citizenship and citizenship education. This volume represents an effort to analyze the implications of these changes

'Earned Citizenship' is an intervention in the U.S. immigration reform debate that advances the proposition that long-term, unauthorized immigrant U.S. residents should be able to earn legalization and a pathway to citizenship through service to citizens in their adopted U.S. communities as restitution for immigration law violations.