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The book is nominally, an anatomy, an overview, a dissection, an analysis of melancholy. But melancholy is a broad term, a common affliction with many causes, symptoms and, possibly, cures. Because of that, Burton is determined to consider each and every variation on the theme. It is a famous book with a well-known title, but rarely seen. It has been essentially, out of print for some time. Now "The Anatomy of Melancholy" has been republished in a convenient single volume by New York Review Books. Burton's book is encyclopedic. Burton acknowledges that he has read many books and every book ever written or published until that time. Indeed, he appears to quote from every one of these books in "The Anatomy of Melancholy" – from the earliest Greeks to his recent contemporaries. Arguably, the Anatomy is the last book that encompasses the entire learning of Western culture, and the last successful effort to embrace it all into one volume. It is a book of references woven together. There is both madness and method here – to convince a huge mass of readers to the arguments brought forward. The book is literally and philosophically overwhelming. It ranges across nearly all subjects: medicine, astronomy, philosophy, literature and all the arts, politics, nature. It runs from quote to quote to reference. The book is presented as being by "Democritus Junior". Lewellyn Powys called it "the greatest work of prose of the greatest period of English prose-writing," while the celebrated surgeon William Osler declared it is the greatest of medical treatises. Samuel Johnson considered it one of his favorite books, being "the only book that ever took him out of bed two hours sooner than he wished to rise".

JARVIS, B. and DIX, A., 2011. American literature. IN: Wolfreys, J. (ed.) The English Literature Companion. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 250 - 261 is reproduced with permission of Palgrave Macmillan. This extract is taken from the author's original manuscript and has not been edited. This extract is taken from the author's original manuscript and has not been edited. The definitive version of this piece may be found in The English Literature Companion by Julian Wolfreys which can be purchased from www.palgrave.com ; 'Diversity' is one of the keywords in American mythology and although respect for the nation's phenomenal differences has often been more evident in political rhetoric than historical reality, the past thirty years have witnessed increasing pluralism on American literature courses. This development includes courses organised by period (from centuries to specific decades, from 'the Colonial Era' to 'Romanticism', 'Modernism' and 'Postmodernism'), by race and ethnicity (Native American and African-American, Latino and Chicano, Jewish and Irish), by gender and sexuality (women's writing, gay and lesbian literature), by geography ('the South' and 'the West', 'the City' and 'the Frontier'), by theme ('the American Dream' and 'Exceptionalism'), by form and genre ('the Novel', 'Poetry' and 'Drama', 'the Gothic' and 'Prison Writing'), by school ('The Transcendentalists' and 'the Wooster Group'), by specific writer and by interdisciplinary combination ('Noir Film and Fiction', or 'the Literature, Music and Movies of Vietnam'). This bibliographical essay could not hope to prepare you for every type of course, but it will aim to provide important leads for the most popular writers and subjects in this increasingly vast and variegated field.

We turn to Olga Artyomova's research done in the school of markemology at Voronezh State University. The task of the research was to single out the keywords of the 17th-20th century English literature. Selecting 16 prose-writers of each half a century, the author undertakes a quantitative analysis of the resulting corpus of texts. The choice of materials, methodology, the terminology used, and 50 keywords ('markemes') for each author got through calculations are studied in the paper. Artyomova determines the so-called "straight-through" markemes common for each half a century and specifically - markemes common for all the four centuries. Both the scientific approach and the results obtained are evaluated. The authors' own experiments are described carried out to specify the functioning of the word stock of Anglo-Saxon and Romance origin in random extracts from the works of three authors figuring in the research: O. Wilde, G. Orwell and I. Murdoch. Besides, the vocabulary of one novel by each of these authors was subjected to computer analysis to find out the correlation of Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) and Romance nouns.

Globalisation and the emergence of internet in all fields of human affairs have brought unprecedented changes in higher academics. Physical and political boundaries are now hardly any barrier in restricting access to knowledge or information. Learning is a social process, and it typically tries to enhance an individual's knowledge and understanding through solo activities, as well as group and peer interaction. Thus, one of the key learning skills is that of communication. Through collaboration, learning becomes more effective. And for such collaborative learning, effective communication tools and channels are necessary pre-requisites. And in today's world, the exponential importance of English as the most effective means of communication between people of different cultures and countries, cannot be denied. Internationalism in higher education has become the latest concern for universities across the world. And for the teaching and learning of English (both the language skill and its literature), this internationalism can only be an added advantage. Tools of ICT are often considered relevant only for facilitating the teaching and learning of science subjects. Technology is an important aspect of modern life. Science and technology contribute to human well-being in perceptible ways and thus our society likes investing in science and technology because they provide us with provisions for life. Literature provides us with visions, ideas and understanding that we can apply to our lives. However, literature does not bring about any quantitative change. Its impact is intangible and incalculable in terms of quantity. Humanities or literary discourse brings out qualitative changes that remain countless. A good poem or novel may not be able to provide material comforts, but they can inspire, motivate, heal and change the readers. Revolutions have been brought about because of the power of literature. Thus, the importance of studying literature will always be relevant for human beings. What needs to be kept in mind today, ...