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Although modern environmental politics emerged in the radical ferment of the early 1970s, leftists were suspicious from the outset of its easy mainstream appeal and its elite constituency. The same doubts persist today. The venerable Nature Conservancy's close partnerships with corporations and focus on "ecosystem services" that can be monetized are just one reminder that environmentalism's institutional mainstream fits comfortably with neoliberalism. Consumerist appeals to eco-consciousness (think of the local-sourcing policies and the prices of anti-union Whole Foods) suggest that environmentalism is about image and market choices. Despite decades of talk about environmental justice, the movement remains disproportionately white, elite, and motivated by romantic attachment to high mountains, old forests, and charismatic animals.

Why environmental zero-sum games are real /J.B. Ruhl, James Salzman --Zero-sum games in pollution control : ecological thresholds, planetary boundaries, and policy choices /Robin Kundis Craig --Energy policy : no place for zero-sum thinking /Inara Scott --The energy justice stakes embedded in the net energy metering policy debates /Shalanda H. Baker --Gaming rhetoric and the complicated story of local identity /Jonathan Rosenbloom,Keith Hirokawa --Deep equity, nonzero-sum environmentalism, and a sustainable planet /David Takacs --Public lands and the public good : the limitations of zero-sum frames /Sarah Krakoff --Successful land conservation : neither zero-sum nor win-win /Jessica Owley --Competitive federalism : environmental governance as a zero-sum game /Shannon Roesler --Zero-sum climate and energy politics under the Trump Administration /Melissa Powers.

Objective. The social psychological values altruism, self‐interest, traditionalism, and openness to change are key correlates of environmental concern and proenvironmental behavior. We investigate the relationship between gender and these values to better understand gender differences in environmentalism. We consider both gender differences in value priorities (differences in mean response on value scales) and differences in the meaning of values (differences in the factor structure of values) as well. Methods. Our analysis is based on data from a random‐digit dialed national telephone survey of U.S. adults conducted in 1994. We examine differences in factor structure of values for a group of 145 white men and 200 white women using confirmatory factor analysis and differences in mean value scores using multivariate analysis of variance. Results. We find no substantial differences in value factor structure, but differences in value priorities, with women ranking altruism as more important than men. Conclusions. Our analysis supports work that focuses on mean differences in environmentalism across genders without examining gender differences in factor structure, although further examination of gender differences in factor structure is warranted. Our results also highlight the importance of gender differences in altruism as a basis for gender differences in environmentalism.

In this article, we predict and find that self‐perceptions of environmentalism are changed by subtle manipulations of context and, in turn, affect environmental behavior. In Study 1, we found that people exhibit greater positive assessments of their environmental behaviors (1) in the context of denying harm to the environment than in the context of claiming to help the environment, and (2) in situations where behaviors are evaluated subjectively than in situations where behaviors are evaluated more objectively. In Study 2, we explored the relationship between self‐perceptions of environmentalism and environmental behaviors. Our data suggest that environmentally friendly behaviors may be promoted by leading people to perceive themselves as good environmentalists.

This collection of essays highlights the different dimensions of the contemporary British environmentalist movement from a multidisciplinary viewpoint. Beginning with an historical overview of the movement, the reader is then presented with an analysis of the politics of climate change from a political science perspective. This is followed by a sociological examination of climate change protesters and environmental activism among young people. The volume also includes an analysis of the ideological relationship between political ecology and the British Left, as well as a case study of environmentalism in Wales against the backdrop of devolution.The book is based on two distinct, yet complementary, perspectives: environmentalism and political ecology. What is this distinction and what is its significance? Answers to these questions and others can be found in these essays which are a must-read for both students and researchers interested in environmental politics in Britain and British area studies.

The discourse of environmentalism now cuts across several disciplinary fields of studies. The scope of environmentalism has widened to such an extent that it is no longer a local or national phenomenon involving a particular group or community but a global and international issue ridden with crises that often touch upon common lives. In Australia the role of man in shaping the natural environment and vise-versa has been extremely important since the time of human settlement and more so after it was settled by the Europeans. Although it is customary to trace the origins of environmentalism to the rise of green movements in North America in the 1950s and 60s, in Australia too much has been written from the perspective of an environmentalist. Environment now comes up as a top priority issue in policy making and planning. Simultaneously, the cultural and literary output that deals with environment has also grown significantly. This paper will look into one of Australia's most well-known writer in this evolving field of environmental discourses and try to analyze his contribution as an environmentalist. Eric Rolls (1923 – 2007) stands out as an important figure in the field of literary and environmental activism in Australia. His woks can be best appreciated from the perspective of a living and growing tradition of writing in Australia which overlaps the fields of literature, environmental history and cultural ecology. The issues of resource use and settlement are fundamental to the understanding of Australian nature writing and the importance of Eric Rolls in this context needs to be emphasized. Through his writings on the evolution and formation of Australian wildlife and vegetation after the settlement by the whites, he provided rich commentary on the early colonial attitudes to the continent. The history of environmentalism is a combination of individual and collective activism expressed through cultural, social and political movements. Eric Rolls was not part of any organized environmental campaign. But his ...

Discussion opens with a depiction of the 23 Oct 1995 railroad tank car explosion in Bogalusa, LA, as a way to outline the conflict between radical environmentalists (counterculturalists) & progressives (liberal capitalists & socialists). The modernist critique that radical environmentalism (ie, deep ecology) has affinities with early-20th-century nature-worshipping, reactionary movements is then examined. A progressive thread is discerned in deep ecology & ecofeminism despite their unyielding critique of modernity's drive to dominate nature. Attention turns to Ken Wilber's cosmological narrative, which seeks to reconcile radical environmentalism & modern progressivism. Some consideration is given to the idea of spirituality as a key facet to deep ecology. It is concluded that reconciling progressivism & environmentalism is critical to a positive & transcendent postmodern consciousness. J. Zendejas

Although environmental justice emerged as a research area in the 1970s, those facing environmental risk had analyzed their problems and mobilized for redress long before that time (1, 2). In the United States, ample research shows that the marginalized and the less affluent are more exposed to environmental threats than others. Pearson et al. (3) offer analyses that link the environmental justice literature to environmental social psychology and, in doing so, raise important issues for both research and engagement.

Pearson et al.'s (3) analysis provides insight into the environmental concerns of those most at risk. They replicate long-standing findings that in the United States, Asians, blacks, and Latinos all have higher levels of concern for the environment than whites, even when other aspects of position in the social structure (age, gender, income, etc.) are controlled. This greater concern contrasts with the relative dearth of minorities in environmental organizations and agencies and in the environmental sciences (4).

Many factors contribute to the disparity between level of concern and engagement. Pearson et al. (3) offer an important insight: the environmental belief paradox. In a US national survey, they find that Asians, blacks, and Latinos are more environmentally concerned than whites, but they perceive their communities as less concerned than whites. The same patterns exist for those with lower incomes: they perceive themselves as less concerned than they actually are. The finding is robust; it applies to both environmental concern and identification as an environmentalist. It also holds when the issue is framed as general environmentalism or concern with climate change.

The environmental belief paradox forms a bridge between the environmental justice literature and work in environmental …

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Addresses the implications of broad shifts in environmental politics for environmentalism & progressive politics. An updated summary of the themes & contentions in the author's Environmentalism and the Future of Progressive Politics (1989) is offered before reflecting on the ideological & political relevance of the Cold War's end & the fall of the far Left. Attention turns to globalization & the retrogressive impacts of capitalism. The implications of globalization for the politics of wealthier nations are considered, addressing the increasingly closed nature of current global decision making & the politics of deregulation. A look at the development of 1990s environmental politics focuses on the potential for new perspectives & postregulatory environmental policy tools, noting that many pro-sustainability public policies are nonregulatory & can be structured in a manner that benefits the socioeconomic condition of disadvantaged North American groups. J. Zendejas

Reexamines the role of environmentalism in Estonia's independence movement during the late 1980s & early 1990s. An overview of environmentalism's history in Estonia demonstrates that environmental protests had existed since the mid-19th century & had targeted Soviet ecological policy by 1977. It is asserted that Estonian environmentalism was directly connected to the Estonian independence movement; specifically, the Estonian citizenry's despise for the USSR's ecologically destructive programs advanced Estonia's struggle for independence. Several Soviet policies that precipitated Estonian citizens' displeasure are discussed: (1) the health hazards caused by Soviet mining; (2) the perception that the phosphate industry was wasteful & neglectful; (3) the view that oil shale mining depleted Estonia's natural resources; & (4) the migration of Russian-speaking workers to Estonia. A comparison of environmentalism's role in the independence movements of Estonia & Latvia is performed. It is concluded that environmentalism is inextricably linked to revolutionary sentiment in contemporary Estonia. J. W. Parker