Suchergebnisse

A mobilidade urbana é um direito social, pois é considerado um direito-meio pelo qual as pessoas conseguem se locomover e assim acessar as diversas estruturas da cidade que concretizam suas necessidades e demandas. A Constituição Brasileira de 1988 determina que é responsabilidade do governo precisar as normas para o desenvolvimento urbano. Em 2012, houve a promulgação da lei 12.587, criando as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana, e instrumentalizando legalmente a criação do Plano de Mobilidade Urbana para uma parte significativa dos municípios que possuem certos atributos. A elaboração do plano permite que cada cidade tenha um plano holístico que atenda às necessidades particulares de cada local. Entretanto, a efetivação da elaboração do plano tem sido um obstáculo para os municípios. Com o intuito de estudar como isto vem transcorrendo através de uma experiência empírica, foi realizado o estudo de caso da cidade de Natal, Brasil, apresentando as dificuldades encontradas pelo poder público local em realizar a execução da lei, e as inquietações suscitadas pelo processo para que de fato se alcance a criação do plano. O trabalho fez uso de uma abordagem qualitativa explicativa. Era inicialmente previsto que a elaboração do plano duraria 10 meses, entretanto seu processo está em seu terceiro ano, sem previsão de finalização. ; Urban mobility is a social right, because it is considered a right that gives the way by which people can move around, therefore can access the city structures that materialize their necessities and responsibilities. The 1988 democratic Brazilian Constitution, establish the Brazilian Government as responsible for the urban development regulations. The promulgation of the law 12.587 of 2012, created the guidelines of the Urban Mobility National Policy, that likewise regulated the creation of the Urban Mobility Plan for the municipalities with more than 20.000 inhabitants (or those with specific requirement that also need a Master Plan). The construction of the plan allows each city to have an integrated plan that fulfils its unique needs. Nonetheless, the plan appliance has been difficult for the cities. With the aim to study a case of how this is happening, the city of Natal – Brazil, was chosen to present some difficulties found by the local public power in execute the plan, and worries related with the neglect of that. It was used a qualitative and explanatory approach. It was first previewed that the plan elaboration would endure 10 months, however the process is now in its third year, with no finalization prediction.

A mobilidade urbana é um direito social, pois é considerado um direito-meio pelo qual as pessoas conseguem se locomover e assim acessar as diversas estruturas da cidade que concretizam suas necessidades e demandas. A Constituição Brasileira de 1988 determina que é responsabilidade do governo precisar as normas para o desenvolvimento urbano. Em 2012, houve a promulgação da lei 12.587, criando as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Mobilidade Urbana, e instrumentalizando legalmente a criação do Plano de Mobilidade Urbana para uma parte significativa dos municípios que possuem certos atributos. A elaboração do plano permite que cada cidade tenha um plano holístico que atenda às necessidades particulares de cada local. Entretanto, a efetivação da elaboração do plano tem sido um obstáculo para os municípios. Com o intuito de estudar como isto vem transcorrendo através de uma experiência empírica, foi realizado o estudo de caso da cidade de Natal, Brasil, apresentando as dificuldades encontradas pelo poder público local em realizar a execução da lei, e as inquietações suscitadas pelo processo para que de fato se alcance a criação do plano. O trabalho fez uso de uma abordagem qualitativa explicativa. Era inicialmente previsto que a elaboração do plano duraria 10 meses, entretanto seu processo está em seu terceiro ano, sem previsão de finalização. ; Urban mobility is a social right, because it is considered a right that gives the way by which people can move around, therefore can access the city structures that materialize their necessities and responsibilities. The 1988 democratic Brazilian Constitution, establish the Brazilian Government as responsible for the urban development regulations. The promulgation of the law 12.587 of 2012, created the guidelines of the Urban Mobility National Policy, that likewise regulated the creation of the Urban Mobility Plan for the municipalities with more than 20.000 inhabitants (or those with specific requirement that also need a Master Plan). The construction of the plan allows each city to have an integrated plan that fulfils its unique needs. Nonetheless, the plan appliance has been difficult for the cities. With the aim to study a case of how this is happening, the city of Natal – Brazil, was chosen to present some difficulties found by the local public power in execute the plan, and worries related with the neglect of that. It was used a qualitative and explanatory approach. It was first previewed that the plan elaboration would endure 10 months, however the process is now in its third year, with no finalization prediction.

Extracted from the Proceedings of the Royal Colonial Institute, Volume the thirteenth (1881-82). ; (Statement of Responsibility) Mr. James R. Saunders, M.L.C.

This paper examines traditional African child rearing styles and Westernised parenting styles focusing on the impact this has on the psychosocial developments of a child's academic performance. In most African countries, during prenatal and postnatal periods, there are many rituals that are observed by the parents, especially the expectant mother. This has a bearing on the psychological and later cognitive development of the child. As a result, there is a paradigm shift taking place from a strictly traditional to a more modern oriented way of rearing children due to the influence of education, media and technology. The majority of families in Zimbabwe now find themselves somewhere along a continuum between the African and Western child rearing styles. In this study, the descriptive survey design was used with questionnaires and interviews as data collection instruments. Findings from this research revealed that, the Westernised parenting styles want independent, democratic and sometimes laissez-faire ways of raising children while African cultures prefer submissive children raised under an authoritarian style. Significant changes among African families have been noted leading to an adoption of an eclectic approach, where families use two or more parenting styles, considering the best features of each system in raising children. Knowledge of African child rearing practices is therefore of paramount importance since it makes teachers of African children sensitive to and aware of some values that have shaped them so as to enhance effective teaching and learning.

Indo-African relations in KwaZulu-Natal are about competition and rivalry for limited resources and privileges not only between these two segments, but by all four categories1 that make up South African society. It has been conditioned by White hegemony and the politics of divide-and-rule among the four classified racial groups who were stratified along a line of differentiated privileges. With Whites always on the top, Coloureds and Indians oscillated between 2nd and 3rd positions according to imputed criteria for the purposes of analysis by researchers, and Africans were always considered the least privileged. Ever since their arrival in 1860, Indians moved from being most welcomed and appreciated to most detested and unwanted among their White forbears. The reasons for this lay in the juxtaposition of their labour significantly and appreciatively boosting productivity in the colonial economy within a short space of time, and the unwanted challenges that post-indentured Indians provided to the nascent White entrepreneurial class who struggled to keep pace with their competence in petty trading. Similar situations of unwelcome politics of competition have bedevilled Indo-African relations in the 20th century and have filtered into the 21st century in ways that do require constructive analysis to contemporary conditions. This paper analyses three periods of anti-Indianism since 1860 viz. the latter period of the 19th century when Whites turned against Indians, the 1949 African-Indian clashes, and recent anti-Indian sentiments by a small segment of Africans in KwaZulu- Natal. This paper argues that if South Africans do not rise to challenge such sentiments, they will rise to dangerously engulf us.

There is a growing recognition of the dangers of electoral violence. Yet, the theoretical foundation for systematic research and for adequate policy is still underdeveloped. This article aims to develop the theoretical understandings of strategies to manage and prevent electoral violence. This is accomplished by integrating research conducted within the two academic discourses on democratization and conflict management and also by drawing on the experiences from the conflict-ridden province KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. The five strategies identified are monitoring, mediation, legal measures, law enforcement and self-regulating practices. In the article, the functions and mechanisms of the strategies are discussed. In addition, we analyse the limitations and usefulness of each of the strategies in turn and also provide suggestions on how to improve electoral security.