Suchergebnisse

Explores the ideas of intellectuals in the capital cities of Vienna & Budapest in the multiethnic Austro-Hungarian monarchy (until its demise in 1918) regarding the problems of ethnicity & nationalism. Focus is on two key leaders of Austro-Marxism -- Karl Renner & Otto Bauer -- who advanced theories of the nation as consisting of a centralized government encompassing many autonomous cultures & regions. Their ideas are contrasted to V. I. Lenin's (1913) views on the rights of nations to self-determination; their opinions of the role of the proletariat, class relations, & political organization are also compared. In Budapest, Oscar Jaszi, leader of the sociological journal Twentieth Century, is profiled, comparing his leftist-liberal views to the radical Marxist ones of Renner & Bauer. The response of other Hungarian thinkers, eg, Georg Lukacs, to these ideas is also noted. K. Hyatt Stewart

The series is devoted to monographs and anthologies on Austrian philosophy (Bolzano, Brentano, Meinong and others) as well as on phenomenology and its history in general. Moreover, the series is open to a wide variety of different approaches in the philosophy of mind.

While Harald Friedl's 2001 documentary Africa Representa and his most recent project based in Bhutan, What Happiness Is (2013), clearly reinforce the filmmaker's international self-image, the individuals at the center of Friedl's Land ohne Eigenschaften (2000), Aus der Zeit (2007), and Mein Leben als Apfelbaum (2012) also share an existence profoundly influenced by international forces, even if they live and work in and around Vienna. From globalization to exile identity to postwar sociopolitical philosophy, the experiences that Friedl portrays in his "Austrian Trilogy" are indicative of a nation that reverberates both the bygone transnational Habsburg Empire and the two most significant international events of the twentieth century: the First and Second World Wars. This article will focus on Friedl's approach of making complex connections between Austria's past and future with balanced and compelling portraits of humanity through a distinctly international lens.

In this essay, I interrogate the racialized roots of the early neoliberal conception of (Western) civilization. I do so by placing that conception in a broader genealogy of early Austrian economic theory, focusing in particular on the writings of Carl Menger, Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk, Friedrich von Wieser, and Ludwig von Mises. Rather than directly analyzing their understanding of civilization, however, I approach this topic by centering the way they construct the figure of the "savage." This figure, as historians of racial discourse have shown, has long played an important role in European thought, often serving as the constitutive racial other to the "civilized" European. I proceed by asking what role the figure of the "savage" plays in the writings of the early Austrian economists. In doing so, I argue that while Menger and Böhm-Bawerk utilize deeply racialized tropes about "savage" peoples to establish the limits of their own theory of subjective valuation, Wieser not only adopts these tropes but also folds them into a broader racialized philosophy of history that sees historical development as a function of racial endowment. In the final section, I explore Mises's writings in more detail, arguing that his understanding of race partially overlaps with Wieser's but also departs from it in several crucial ways. In particular, Mises sees racial hierarchy as a historical rather than a natural phenomenon, prompting him to articulate a mode of "racial historicism" that sees racial hierarchy as a precarious system that could be overturned. In closing, I argue that Mises's position on racial hierarchy anticipated several key elements of later neoliberal approaches to the question of race.

AbstractCurrent debates between behavioural and orthodox economists indicate that the role and epistemological status of first principles is a particularly pressing problem in economics. As an alleged paragon of extreme apriorism, the methodology of Austrian economics in Mises' tradition is often dismissed as untenable in the light of modern philosophy. In particular, the defence of the so-called fundamental axiom of praxeology—"Man acts."—by means of pure intuition is almost unanimously rejected. However, in recently resurfacing debates, the extremeness of Mises' epistemological position has been called into question. Rather than directly engaging in these exegetical discussions, this paper aims to substantiate the possibility and plausibility of conventionalist defences of praxeology per se. The proposed shift includes settling for an analytic fundamental axiom and acknowledging the prima facie tenability of other research programs than praxeology. Since conventionalist praxeology is only moderately aprioristic, mainstream economists and philosophers might be more likely to engage in fruitful discussions with those Austrian scholars who elaborate pragmatic arguments for praxeology instead of invoking pure intuition.

Otto Bauer (1881–1938) has emerged once more in the thought of Western Marxists. The dominant theoretical voice of the Austrian Social Democrats in the late Austrian-Hungarian Empire and the First Austrian Republic, Bauer was re-examined in the 1970s and '80s as 'the third way' was being explored in European politics by Eurocommunists. Bauer again is being discussed in the twenty-first century as not only a European 'third way', but as a model for nations across the globe. Bauer's vision theoretically as well as tactically between 1919 and 1934, when Austrian fascism ended the political efforts of Austrian Social Democracy, was of a pluralist parliamentary governance that sought through party coalitions and the influence of social experiment a developing societal praxis whose socialist principles would realise eventually Marx's understanding of a classless society. A gradualism in long-range strategy and tactics would lead democratically to greater collective coexistence embracing differing cultures within and beyond separate nations. Reviewed here are five publications between 2005 and 2011 which are either thoughtfully supportive or critically dismissive of Bauer's multi-cultural models for the socialist coexistence of communities and nations. Two conference collections and three books on Bauer's thought and political life enable the contemporary mind to evaluate the seminal promise of Bauer's Marxist understanding, where for him Marxism was a social-scientific instrument to guide societal development.

De ideeën van Paracelsus over gezondheid vanuit een sociaal-economische visie zijn al 500 jaar oud, maar werden eerst recent teruggevonden en toegankelijk gemaakt door een nieuwe editie van zijn sociaal-economisch werk. Ook de andere hier weergegeven inzichten over gezondheid en gezondheidszorg vanuit een economisch, sociaal en politiek perspectief zijn weinig bekend. In dit boek gaat het over de meest belangrijke ideeën van sociale wetenschappers en economen over gezondheid en gezondheidszorg, beginnend met Paracelsus en eindigend met Schumpeter. Behandeld worden grondleggende ideeën en concepten van Wolff, Justi, Roscher, Menger, Schmoller, Bücher, Oppenheimer en Althoff. De conclusie luidt dat hun bijdragen wel deels zijn te herkennen in de moderne gezondheidseconomie, maar dat wij toch ook belangrijke invalshoeken, die zouden voortvlooeien uit hun werk, vandaag missen. Daarom kan een geschiedenis van de theoretische ontwikkeling van de gezondheidseconomie ook geen Whig history zijn. Volgens deze richting is de huidige stand van de ontwikkeling het logische gevolg van werk dat vroeger al is gedaan. Om een aantal redenen hoeft dit niet per se zo te zijn. De nieuwe economie van de gezondheidszorg heeft andere wortels, met name de Engelse National Health Service. Verder staan de hier besproken bijdragen niet in het Engels, vandaag de lingua franca van de sociale wetenschappen, ter beschikking. In de dissertatie zijn, naast één voorbeeld van wetenschapspolitiek (Althoff), uitsluitend auteurs uit het Duitse taalgebied die klassieke bijdragen hebben geleverd voor een bespreking opgenomen. De hier gekozen auteurs zien gezondheid als onderdeel van menselijk handelen en gezondheidszorg als onderdeel van cultuur. De nadruk ligt op culturele ontwikkeling en gezondheid, op het subsidiariteitsbeginsel en op een minimale rol van de overheid in de gezondheidszorg. De weergave van de inzichten van de behandelnde auteurs geeft ook een antwoord op de vraag in hoeverre zij een bijdrage leveren over aspecten zoals vraag naar en aanbod van de gezondheidszorg, informatie, optimale contracten, de markt voor geneesmiddelen, verzekeringen, technologie, instituties zoals ziekenhuizen en bejaardenhuizen, waardering van levens en levenskansen, sociale verzekeringen, en beleid en vraagstukken in de toekomst. Aangegeven wordt dat hun voorstellen politieke relevant waren in hun eigen tijd

The father of the "Austrian" Marginalist revolution and founder of the so-called "Austrian School of economics", Carl Menger, had a mixed reception during different periods of development of French economics. Somewhat welcomed in the early days, he was rather forgotten later on. Even his major works were not published in translation until recently. What is the reason for such a situation? Criticisms of classical political economy have to be understood in their French context. In comparison to other countries, this paper details the case of France, besides showing how later Austrians, such as Friedrich Hayek, found a limited audience. This comparative study of economic ideas in France must start with the reception of the views of the founder and the role and impact of adopting/adapting or rejecting his views by French scholars. What place did they find in French academia? From Carl Menger to a "Frenchified" Charles Menger, how was Austrian economic thought disseminated in France? This essay starts by recalling the Belle-Époque and an astonishing letter by Charles Rist for the Jubiläum of Menger, in which he deplored the lack of translation of the latter's works. The Austrian School in France is then discussed as pure economics replaces political economy in the Interwar period, with the 1938 Paris Congress of "liberal thinkers," as the Vienna Circle became known, also comparing issues in philosophy. The paper considers how Austrian theories of "pure science" were received in Paris from the Vienna of the 1900s, at a time of "Crossroads," to the present day, through the Postwar and Cold War, until a revival since the 1990s and a rethinking of economic ideas after 2008.

The father of the "Austrian" Marginalist revolution and founder of the so-called "Austrian School of economics", Carl Menger, had a mixed reception during different periods of development of French economics. Somewhat welcomed in the early days, he was rather forgotten later on. Even his major works were not published in translation until recently. What is the reason for such a situation? Criticisms of classical political economy have to be understood in their French context. In comparison to other countries, this paper details the case of France, besides showing how later Austrians, such as Friedrich Hayek, found a limited audience. This comparative study of economic ideas in France must start with the reception of the views of the founder and the role and impact of adopting/adapting or rejecting his views by French scholars. What place did they find in French academia? From Carl Menger to a "Frenchified" Charles Menger, how was Austrian economic thought disseminated in France? This essay starts by recalling the Belle-Époque and an astonishing letter by Charles Rist for the Jubiläum of Menger, in which he deplored the lack of translation of the latter's works. The Austrian School in France is then discussed as pure economics replaces political economy in the Interwar period, with the 1938 Paris Congress of "liberal thinkers," as the Vienna Circle became known, also comparing issues in philosophy. The paper considers how Austrian theories of "pure science" were received in Paris from the Vienna of the 1900s, at a time of "Crossroads," to the present day, through the Postwar and Cold War, until a revival since the 1990s and a rethinking of economic ideas after 2008.

Readers looking for an articulate, well-informed exposition of Hayek's multifaceted intellectual achievement will be pleased with Bruce Caldwell's new book, Hayek's Challenge: An Intellectual Biography of F. A. Hayek. Readers interested in a more critical consideration of Hayek's ideas, or in their ability to withstand cross-examination from the positions Hayek himself criticized, are less likely to be satisfied. But even for the latter group, Caldwell has performed a useful service, compressing the varied elements of Hayek's complex thought into a lucid synopsis that should facilitate engagement with those outside the Austrian camp. References. Adapted from the source document.

The role of the German Historical School and of Carl Menger (founder of the Austrian School) is appraised in this new book. This important period of the history of economics is vital to understand how the discipline developed over the next half-century. Gilles Campagnolo has produced an impressive original work which makes use of rarely seen research by Carl Menger and as such this book will be of interest across several discplines, including history of economic thought, economic methodology, philosophy of science and the history of ideas

Linsbichler's erudite new book is not only an invitation for Austrian economists to reconsider their Misesian methodological foundations, but more importantly an attempt to bridge the methodological gap between the Austrian School and mainstream economics. His charitable reading of Mises provides the basis for an original conventionalist interpretation of Mises' methodology, but it is most of all his anti-dogmatism, methodological openness and call for intellectual humility that stand out. --Erwin Dekker, Assistant Professor of Cultural Economics (Erasmus University Rotterdam) This book proposes new solutions to interpretational problems of Mises' methodological position. It also o­ffers a lucid and scholarly introduction to some important problems of the logic of science. Specialists and general readers alike will profit much from reading that book. --Karl Milford, Associate Professor in History of Economic Thought and Philosophy of Economics (University of Vienna) This innovative book challenges the mainstream reading of Ludwig von Mises as a contested "a priori" proponent of the Austrian School of economics. It o­ffers new insights to Mises' methodology and epistemology by interpreting his praxeology as conventionalist. In doing so the author opens novel perspectives for contextualizing Ludwig von Mises' work in the history of the Austrian School and the long term "Methodenstreit" since the 19th century. --Friedrich Stadler, Professor for History and Philosophy of Science (University of Vienna), Head and Director of the Institute Vienna Circle, President of the Austrian Ludwig Wittgenstein Society This book presents a concise introduction to the epistemology and methodology of the Austrian School of economics as defended by Ludwig von Mises. The author provides an innovative interpretation of Mises' arguments in favour of the a priori truth of praxeology, the received view of which contributed to the academic marginalization of the Austrian School. The study puts forward a unique argument that Mises - perhaps unintentionally - defends a form of conventionalism. Chapters in the book include detailed discussions of individualism, historicism, epistemological positions, and essentialism. The author goes on to discuss Mises' justifi cation of the fundamental axiom and proposes a conventionalist interpretation. By presenting praxeology as a conventionalist research programme, the author aims at reinvigorating the interaction between the Austrian School, mainstream economics, and the philosophy of science. This comprehensive reconstruction is suitable for economists interested in the history and philosophy of their discipline, as well as for philosophers of science.