Suchergebnisse

This article examines modern Anglophone Cameroon literature from 1959 to 1990. The article argues that like most literature emanating from the continent a proper understanding of Anglophone Cameroon literature must be predicated on an analysis of its specific socio-historical determinants. A careful analysis of the corpus of Anglophone Cameroon literature from its inception to the 1990s reveals two broad phases. The first phase covers the period from 1959 to about 1984. In the Republic of Cameroon, this period begins shortly before 'the end' of colonialism to the rise of Paul Biya as the second president of Cameroon. The writers during this period like their counterparts elsewhere in Africa, critique the 'othering' of formerly colonized people in texts written by the colonizers. To counteract this marginalization, and as a vital part of the process of decolonization, these texts seek to give voice to the 'subaltern' in order to expose the misrepresentation and 'negativization' so rampant in colonial writings. The second phase of Anglophone Cameroon literature started in the mid-eighties and reached its apex in the 1990s. The literature of this period is an imaginative response to the political, social, and economic climate of this time. The article concludes that the 1980s and 1990s were pivotal decades for Anglophone Cameroon literature. The lack of publishing opportunities abroad and at home led authors to be very industrious and ingenuous. They tailored their literary style and genre to the taste of their home audience. The result was an engaging literature that responded directly to the political, social and economic climate of the time

The subject of the article "Wine, Opium, Hashish in Georgian and European Symbolism" is the identification of the cultural links between Georgian and European (primarily French and, German) symbolism. Our goal is to determine the role and place of Georgian symbolism in the world literature context and study the cultural-aesthetic ties that have influenced the art of the Georgian symbolist group, the process of forming their aesthetic taste and worldview. In this article, we focus on the genesis of the symbolist theory of the myth, its specific nature and the motivation for the creation of a new mythology. In addition, we consider the theme of wine, opium and hashish in Georgian and European cultural areas, and analyse the conceptual sense and function of this new mythology.

This poster investigates the role that the Sharjah Biennial (SB), an international art showcase in the United Arab Emirates, plays in the development of a local artistic and cultural taste. It argues that the SB contributes to the molding of local aesthetic values through its selection of curatorial themes, artists, artworks, and, especially, venues. Using field visits, interviews, and archival research informed by sociological and anthropological theories on aesthetics, the author shows that organizers of public art exhibitions and programs are in a key position to shape the art to which people are exposed and how this, in turn, creates a public valuation of aesthetics. This project fills a gap in contemporary biennial literature by shedding light on the pivotal roles of art events in shaping societal aesthetic values.

This research note offers a critical-constructive discussion of the article 'Class, Culture and Culinary Tastes: Cultural Distinctions and Social Class Divisions in Contemporary Norway', written by Flemmen, Hjellbrekke and Jarness (FHJ) ( Sociology, 2018(1)). Concerns are raised about the methods and the use of the data. A robustness analysis with alternative data and/or alternative methods is suggested. Conceptually, the analysis of FHJ is considered not to engage adequately with a more qualitative body of historical and ethnological literature, as well as the impact of Norwegian agricultural policy. To describe and understand the evolution of social meaning and social patterns of the consumption of 'traditional' Norwegian foodstuffs, a qualitative approach could have contributed constructively. Overall, wider implications for Bourdieu-inspired analyses of cultural consumption are addressed.

The article analyses activity of Ukrainian upper secondary libraries in Galychyna at the second part of 19th – to the early 20th century when upon complicated social and political conditions they essentially asserted influence on formation of generation of Ukrainian figures in such areas as culture, literature, education and formation of reader tastes and interests among pupils. Productivity of this experience for strengthening the role of libraries in education of modern young generation is determined. ; У статті проаналізовано діяльність українських гімназійних бібліотек у Галичині в другій половині ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст., коли за складних суспільно-політичних умов вони істотно вплинули на формування генерації українських діячів культури, літератури, освіти, формування читацьких смаків та інтересів учнівського юнацтва. Визначено продуктивність цього досвіду для посилення ролі бібліотек у вихованні сучасного молодого покоління.

Decades ago, a highly readable émigré memoir aptly labeled Stalinist cultural policy the "taming of the arts." Reinforcing the dominant totalitarian paradigm according to which Soviet society was the passive object of an all-powerful state, this catchy image became popular in the Cold War west. During the 1970s, the "revisionist" generation of western scholars began questioning the orthodox view of Stalinist culture. For example, Vera Dunham suggested that the middle-class values apparent in the literature of mature Stalinism might reflect a "Big Deal" between the bureaucracy and the cultural tastes of the new Soviet "middle class," while Sheila Fitzpatrick maintained that even in the heyday of Stalinism, some prominent intellectuals held positions of "cultural authority," enabling them to influence the course of cultural life.

This paper reconsiders the popular result that the lower is the probability of reelection, the greater is the incentive of incumbent politicians to choose short-sighted, inefficient policies. The set-up is a general equilibrium model of economic growth, in which fiscal policy is endogenously chosen under electoral uncertainty. Political parties can value possible economic benefits differently depending on whether they are in or out of power, & -- by contrast with the literature -- the relevant preference coefficient is a choice variable rather than an exogenous taste parameter. The main result is that, when political parties choose both economic policy instruments & preference coefficients, the fundamental reason for short-sighted policy is the extra rents from being in power per se. 1 Table, 1 Figure, 21 References. Adapted from the source document.

Bentham and the Arts considers the sceptical challenge presented by Bentham's hedonistic utilitarianism to the existence of the aesthetic, as represented in the oft-quoted statement that, 'Prejudice apart, the game of push-pin is of equal value with the arts and sciences of music and poetry. If the game of push-pin furnish more pleasure, it is more valuable than either.' This statement is one part of a complex set of arguments on culture, taste, and utility that Bentham pursued over his lifetime, in which sensations of pleasure and pain were opposed to aesthetic sensibility. Leading scholars from a variety of disciplines reflect on the implications of Bentham's radical utilitarian approach for our understanding of the history and contemporary nature of art, literature, and aesthetics more generally. Each contributor takes into account, from the perspective of their own discipline and expertise, the implications for their research area of the views contained in Bentham's Of Sexual Irregularities, and other writings on Sexual Morality (published in the authoritative edition of The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham in 2014) and 'Not Paul, but Jesus: Volume III' (published online by the Bentham Project in 2014). In these essays, Bentham puts forward the first philosophical defence of sexual liberty. In doing so, he questions the meaning of 'taste' and hence the received understanding of aesthetics more generally. The contributors, moreover, challenge two of the major commonplaces in literary and historical studies of the nineteenth century: first that literature and utilitarianism represented alternative and incompatible views of the world; and second that Bentham's utilitarianism was somehow emaciated in comparison with that of John Stuart Mill. The volume also includes new reflections on the auto-icon and the panopticon, the latter showing the utilitarian genealogy of a collaborative art and architecture project on the site of the Millbank Penitentiary. The title 'Bentham and the Arts' itself challenges the commonly held notion that Bentham had nothing relevant to say on the subject of the Arts – the essays in this volume show that Bentham remains extraordinarily relevant, both in historical and philosophical terms. 'Bentham and the Arts is a feast. Ranging from poetry and sexual nonconformity to the auto-icon and public sculpture, from Hume, Kant, and de Staël to Freud and Michel Onfray, an excellent crew of contributors brings Jeremy Bentham out from the shadow cast by John Stuart Mill with much new to say on taste and politics. Highly recommended for students and scholars alike, this fine interdisciplinary volume is available to all through open-access publishing.' - Stephen Engelmann, University of Illinois at Chicago

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface to the English Edition -- Acknowledgement -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Boxes -- 1: How Young People Develop a Taste for the World -- 1 Beyond Cultural Homogenization -- 2 Ordinary Aesthetico-Cultural Cosmopolitanism -- 3 A Doubly Unique Protocol -- Bibliography -- Part I: Configurations of a Taste for the World -- Introduction to Part I: Beyond the Internationalization of Cultural Consumption Patterns -- 2: The Morphology of Cultural Consumption Repertoires -- 1 The Globalization of Culture -- 1.1 Consumption of National and Foreign Products -- 1.2 Different Combinations in Individual Cultural Repertoires -- 2 Mise en genre: Between Appropriation and Attribution -- 2.1 Aesthetico-Cultural Mise en genre -- 2.2 Product Quality and Categorization by National Origin -- 3 Different Forms of Openness to Different Cultural Products -- 3.1 The Power of Television Series -- 3.2 A Lesser Role for Literature -- 3.3 Relative Interest in the World Through the Media -- 4 American Exoticism as a Generational Marker -- 4.1 Is Globalization Just Americanization by Another Name? -- 4.2 A Contemporary Human Comedy -- Bibliography -- 3: From Global Cultural References to Global Imaginaries -- 1 An Aesthetic and Cultural World -- 1.1 The Geography of Aesthetic and Cultural References -- 1.2 Familiarity and Appreciation -- 2 Historical, Scientific, and Athletic Imaginaries -- 2.1 The Power of Historical Narratives -- 2.2 Historical Pacifists -- 2.3 Scientists and Inventors as Symbols of Progress -- 2.4 Athletes and Performance -- 3 Orienting Oneself in the World -- 3.1 Four Value Registers -- 3.2 The Power of Aesthetics -- Bibliography -- 4: Five Configurations of Aesthetico-­Cultural Cosmopolitanism -- 1 Inadvertent Cosmopolitans2

AbstractNumerous utilities encounter issues with taste and odor that alter the public's impression of the safety of drinking water. The creation of certain components in water naturally due to global climate change is another source of taste and odor components, in addition to industrial emissions. Geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), both of which are generated by blue-green algae and actinomycetes, are two substances that contribute to the musty and earthy smells in drinking water sources. Unfortunately, current conventional treatment plants only partially remove 2-MIB and geosmin. Therefore, to protect the environment and public health, more up-to-date or optimized treatment methods should be applied to outdated treatment facilities. Best treatment practices, evaluation standards, and decision-making approaches, however, are still shrouded in mystery. The goal of this study was to identify the most effective treatment options for 2-MIB and geosmin. By using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), a total of 22 assessment criteria were found and prioritized. A thorough literature search led to the identification of potential treatment options, and their effectiveness was evaluated. These options and priority rankings were decided upon using AHP in the decision-making process. Advanced oxidation techniques came out on top in the final priority ranking, followed by membrane filtering, adsorption, oxidation, hybrid processes, and traditional treatment methods. The applied analytical decision techniques may also be used to choose the optimal treatment options, even though the results are particular to 2-MIB and geosmin.

PurposeThe purpose of this case study is to explore and study the determinants (demographics and psychographics) impacting consumers food choice towards fast food in India.Design/methodology/approachFood choice variables have been explored using literature reviews and exploratory survey of young consumers in the age group of 20‐40. Data obtained from the reliable sources (e.g. the World Health Organisation, Euromonitor International and Datamonitor International) have been used to study the implications of consumer food choice and growing trend towards organic food.FindingsBased on literature reviews and exploratory surveys, the key determinants impacting consumers food choice are passion for eating out, socialize, ambience and taste for school and college goers and convenience for dual‐income families in urban India. Findings indicate that fast food companies can no longer rely on convenience as USP in India, unless the implications of same on consumers health is given equal importance in the years to come.Research limitations/implicationsData obtained from the convenience sample and literature reviews have been generalized for inferring consumption patterns of Indian consumers (population).Practical implicationsThis case study focuses on growing trends towards organic food and green consumerism in view of rising global obesity with fast food consumption in Western countries and significantly very less in India despite obesity being an epidemic in India.Originality/valueThis paper focuses on determining a food choice model in wake of changing food and eating habits in India, using literature reviews, exploratory surveys and reliable data sources.

Abstract
In § 60 of the Critique of Judgment, entitled 'On the doctrine of method of taste,' Kant suggests that the study of so-called humaniora (ancient Roman and Greek literature) will help one to become a good artist. I will argue that a proper, namely emotional, engagement with humaniora will further the two components of humanity in ourselves: the feeling of sympathy and the ability to communicate feelings. I will discuss two options of how a strengthening of these two components might contribute to the creation of good artworks: it will help one to create artworks that arouse the universal communicable pleasure in the beautiful, or it will help one to create artworks that arouse sympathetic feelings. Siding with the latter option, I will argue that emotions can contribute to the enlivening of aesthetic ideas and, thus, to good art.

AbstractIn this article, I discuss cultural omnivorousness through a structural framework. Omnivorousness is one of two theoretical approaches to class and culture, together with homology. In its original formulation, the omnivore thesis postulates that diversity, rather than exclusion, becomes the principle of cultural distinction: while the upper classes combine legitimate and illegitimate tastes and lifestyles, the lower classes remain restricted to illegitimate culture. The recent literature conceptualizes and operationalizes omnivorousness in two ways: first, as indicators of cultural diversity, second, as the multiplicity of logics structuring cultural fields. Omnivorousness is stratified along lines of class, specifically, education and social mobility, age and generation, and gender. Lastly, omnivorousness is associated with major, yet ambiguous shifts in Western cultural and social structures, including transformations of cultural production, pathways to democratization, normative beliefs about cosmopolitanism, and educational expansion.

This article explores the transition from nationalism to postnationalism through food in Tastes Like Cuba: An Exile's Hunger for Home (2007), by playwright Eduardo Machado. The framework used is Sigmund Freud's narrative of the Oedipus complex. I suggest that the exilic condition of Oedipus and his rebellious behavior make the Oedipal narrative a useful tool for approaching the postnational rejection of the oppressive nature of the nation. I replace the phallus as the source of pleasure with food, and argue that the memories that ensure the continuity of the nation are largely alimentary. A study of what Eduardo Machado eats or refuses to eat to keep recognizing himself as Cuban leads me to explore ways in which the nation shapes subjectivity and the subject informs the postnation, adding to the scholarship on Cuban American literature.

The study of corporate social responsibility (CSR) can best be mainstreamed within the wider social science literature if it is defined as firms voluntarily assuming responsibility for their externalities, thereby setting the puzzle of how this can be reconciled with the maximization of shareholder value as the central challenge of the subject. Means of resolving the puzzle require modelling the firm interacting with its environment as both a market actor and as an organization, and in particular through the interaction between these two. Such an approach has no need of a separate concept of 'stakeholders'. The analysis develops through the firm's relations with actual and potential political action (raising the separate issue of corporate citizenship), and the tastes of consumers, investors and employees - the last raising interesting implications for principal - agent theory.