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Between April 1992 and December 1995, more than 100,000 people were killed in the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The terrible atrocities committed in this period have been much discussed and studied and many prosecuted as acts of genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity. But so far, the academic scholarship has focused on the role of the military in these events. This has come at the expense of considering the police's role, which Nielsen here demonstrates as crucial. Nielsen traces the origins of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina to the police and associated paramilitary groups. Nielsen makes this ground-breaking case by drawing on a host of confidential archival sources, academic research and practical experience as a widely cited expert witness in the most notorious of the war crimes tribunals. His innovative new history sheds light on wider issues regarding the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the Balkan wars and the region today.

Die Untersuchung der Entwicklung des Vertrauens der Bevölkerung in den neuen und den alten Bundesländern zu den politischen Institutionen zeigt signifikante Unterschiede in Ost- und Westdeutschland. Erkennbar sind sinkende Vertrauenswerte. Besonders Bundestag und Bundesregierung - also besonders von den Parteien geprägte Institutionen - sind vom Vertrauensschwund betroffen. Eine deutliche Annäherung der Einstellungen in Ost und West ist nicht festzustellen. Unter demokratietheoretischen Gesichtspunkten ist v.a. das kontinuierliche Sinken der Vertrauenswerte bedenklich. Deshalb besteht auch weiterer Analysebedarf im Hinblick auf die Motive des Vertrauensverlustes. (FUB-Hng)

This work advances a novel approach to evaluating the effects of transitional justice in postconflict societies. Through her examination of the Balkan conflicts, Denisa Kostovicova asks what happens when former adversaries discuss legacies of violence and atrocity, and whether it is possible to do so without further deepening animosities.

The purpose of this paper is to offer a working definition of social exclusion and to operationalize it in such a way that an initial empirical analysis of social exclusion in Britain today can be undertaken. After a brief review of conceptions of social exclusion and some of the key controversies, we operationalize one definition based on the notion of participation in five types of activity—consumption, savings, production, political and social. Using the British Household Panel Survey, indicators for participation on these dimensions are developed and analysed both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally for the period 1991–5. We find strong associations between an individual's participation (or lack of it) on the five different dimensions, and on each dimension over time. However, there is no distinct group of socially excluded individuals: few are excluded on all dimensions in any one year and even fewer experience multiple exclusion for the whole period. The results support the view that treating different dimensions of exclusion separately is preferable to thinking about social exclusion in terms of one homogeneous group.