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ABSTRACTChance constrained programming concepts are used to formalize risk and return relations which are then modeled for use in an empirical study of mutual fund behavior during the period 1984 through 1988. The publicly announced strategies of individual funds are used to form ex ante risk classifications which are employed in examining ex post performance. Negative relations between risk and return held in every year of the period studied. The bearing of these negative risk‐return findings for the Bowman paradox, as studied in the strategic management literature, are thus extended from the industrial firms studied by Bowman (and others) and shown to be present even in these investment oriented mutual funds in each of the years of the great bull market from 1984 through 1988. Finally, our use of chance constrained programming enables us to separate risk from return behavior and evaluate their relative strengths as sources of these negative relations, which are found to be more in the returns than the risks.

"Florence Nightingale's introduction is here reprinted with slight alterations, unauthorized, from Una and the Lion, a paper in 'Good Works," June 1868. Agnes Jones, of the Nightingale Training School, was selected by Florence Nightingale for the Liverpool infirmary. Her death during the strain of increased work caused Florence sorrow and additional responsibilities."--Elmer Belt Florence Nightingale collection, (1958), p.13. ; Elmer Belt Florence Nightingale collection, ; "Florence Nightingale's introduction is here reprinted with slight alterations, unauthorized, from Una and the Lion, a paper in 'Good Works," June 1868. Agnes Jones, of the Nightingale Training School, was selected by Florence Nightingale for the Liverpool infirmary. Her death during the strain of increased work caused Florence sorrow and additional responsibilities."--Elmer Belt Florence Nightingale collection, (1958), p.13. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Differs slightly from another edition of the same year. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Differs slightly from another edition of the same year. ; Mode of access: Internet.

First published Hartford, 1847, under title: Geography of the state of New York. ; Mode of access: Internet.

First published Hartford, 1847, under title: Geography of the state of New York. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Includes biographical sketches. ; Inserted paging: 39a-50a, 409a-424a, 484a-515a, 557a-564a, 825a-832a, 866a-868a, 903a-904a. ; Added t.-p. and half-title, illustrated. ; Mode of access: Internet.