Suchergebnisse

THE CALLS FOR strong leadership in the fight against global and national malnutrition have multiplied during the past decade. The role of nutrition champions in advocating for nutrition, formulating policies, and coordinating and implementing action in nutrition have increasingly been recognized in such countries as Peru, Brazil, Thailand, and the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra. Global initiatives such as the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement, the African Nutrition Leadership Programme, and the European Nutrition Leadership Platform have invested in building up capacity for leadership among national governments, civil society, and the private sector. The World Public Health Nutrition Association's guide on competencies needed to build up the workforce in global public health nutrition identified leadership as key. More widely, leadership within the field of public health has been highlighted as key to moving child or maternal health higher up on the global agenda and tackling critical issues such as HIV and AIDS at the national and community levels. ; PR ; IFPRI1; Transform Nutrition; compact2025; F Strengthening institutions and governance; B Promoting healthy food systems; Stories of Change in Nutrition ; DGO; PHND; A4NH ; CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)

Abstract Background Despite decades of nutrition advocacy and programming, the nutrition situation in South Asian countries is alarming. We assume that modern training in nutrition at the post graduate level is an important contributor to building the capacity of individuals to think and act effectively when combating undernutrition. In this context, this paper presents a regional situation analysis of master's level academic initiatives in nutrition with a special focus on the type of programme we think is most likely to be helpful in addressing undernutrition at the population level: Public Health Nutrition (PHN). Methods This situational analysis of Masters in nutrition across South Asian countries viz. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Maldives, Nepal, Bhutan was conducted using an intensive and systematic Internet search. Further, detailed information was extracted from the individual institute websites and library visits. Results Of the131 master's degree programmes we identified one that was in PHN while another 15 had modules in PHN. Most of these universities and institutions were found in India with a few in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. In the rest of the countries, neither nutrition nor PHN emerged as an academic discipline at the master's level. In terms of eligibility Indian and Sri Lankan programmes were most inclusive, with the remaining countries restricting eligibility to those with health qualifications. On modules, no country had any on nutrition policy or on nutrition's interactions with agriculture, social protection, water and sanitation or women's empowerment. Conclusion If a strong focus on public health nutrition is key to reducing undernutrition, then the poor availability of such courses in the region is cause for concern. Nutrition master's courses in general focus too little on the kinds of strategies highlighted in the recent Lancet series on nutrition. Governments seeking to accelerate declines in undernutrition should incentivize the delivery of postgraduate programmes in nutrition and Public Health Nutrition (PHN) that reflect the modern consensus on priority actions. In the absence of PHN type programmes, the competence to scale up nutrition capacity is likely to be impaired and the human potential of millions of infants will continue to be squandered.

Nutrition: A Foundation For Development is a compilation of 12 briefs on the latest research findings in nutrition as they relate to other development sectors. The briefs are designed to facilitate dialogue between nutrition and other development professionals. They are organized both as a complete set or as stand-alone briefs that make the case for integrating nutrition into the work of the development community. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI2; Health, Diet and Nutrition ; DGO

Este conjunto de resúmenes es el resultado del trabajo de varias personas y refleja la colaboración internacional promovida dentro del SCN. Los resúmenes están diseñados para facilitar el diálogo entre los profesionales de la nutrición y del desarrollo. Están organizados de tal manera que puedan tomarse como un paquete de información completo, o como documentos individuales que presentan el argumento a favor de integrar la nutrición dentro del trabajo de la comunidad del desarrollo. Lista de resumens: Nutrición: Los Argumentos a Favor / Bárbara McDonald, Lawrence Haddad, Rainer Gross y Milla McLachlan; Nutrición y Educación / Matthew Jukes, Judith McGuire, Frank Meted y Robert Sternberg; Nutrición y Población / Rolando Figueroa y Rosalía Rodríguez- Garcia; Nutrición y Salud / Frances Davidson; Nutrición y Medio Ambiente / Timothy Johns y Pablo B. Eyzaguirre; Nutrición y Agricultura / Arne Oshaug y Lawrence Haddad; Nutrición y Género / Ruth Oniang'o y Edith Mukudi; Nutrición y Pobreza / Lawrence Haddad; Nutrición y Crisis / Tom Marchione; Nutrición y Derechos Humanos / Wenche Barth Eide; Nutrición y Comunidades / Roger Shrimpton; Nutrición y Política / David Pelletier ; Non-PR ; IFPRI2; Health, Diet and Nutrition ; DGO

The Indian state of Odisha has made significant strides to address health and nutrition in the last 25 years. We used public data, policy and program documents, published literature, and interviews with program and policy decision-makers, development partners, civil society members (n=29) and community members (n=45) to analyze these changes. Factors that contributed to scale up of health and nutrition interventions and the food security program included overarching policy support, financing at the national and state level, leadership across sectors from government to civil society and development partners, capacity and stability of tenure of bureaucrats, and state innovations in service delivery interventions. Barriers that may impede further progress include lack of sanitation, low levels of women's education, early marriage in girls, livelihood distress, and uneven progress across social groups.

L'Indice de la faim dans le monde 2013 (GHI), élaboré à partir de données couvrant la période 2008-2012, montre que le niveau de la faim dans le monde s'est amélioré depuis 1990, diminuant d'un tiers. En dépit des progrès réalisés, le niveau de la faim demeure « grave », avec 870 millions de personnes souffrant de la faim selon des estimations de l'Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (FAO). Les scores GHI varient considérablement en fonction des régions et des pays. L'Asie du Sud et l'Afrique subsaharienne concentrent les scores GHI les plus élevés. L'Asie du Sud a diminué son score GHI entre 1990 et 1995 de manière significative grâce, en particulier, à une baisse importante de l'insuffisance pondérale infantile, mais n'est pas parvenue à maintenir ce rythme de progression. Les inégalités sociales ainsi que le faible statut nutritionnel, éducationnel et social des femmes continuent de contribuer à une prévalence élevée de l'insuffisance pondérale chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans.L'Afrique subsaharienne n'a pas accompli autant de progrès que l'Asie du Sud au cours des années 1990. Toutefois, depuis le passage à l'an 2000, ce continent a réalisé des progrès notables et son score GHI est actuellement inférieur à celui de l'Asie du Sud. L'avènement d'une plus grande stabilité politique dans des pays anciennement touchés par des guerres civiles dans les années 1990 et 2000 s'est traduit par une reprise de la croissance économique. Des avancées dans la lutte contre le VIH/Sida, une diminution de la prévalence du paludisme et des taux de vaccination plus élevés ont contribué à réduire la mortalité infantile. Depuis 1990, 23 pays ont réalisé des progrès significatifs, réduisant leurs scores GHI de 50% voire plus. 27 pays sont passés de la catégorie « extrêmement alarmant » à « alarmant ». En termes de progrès absolus, les dix pays ayant connu les meilleures améliorations de leur score GHI sont l'Angola, le Bangladesh, le Cambodge, l'Ethiopie, le Ghana, le Malawi, le Niger, le Rwanda, la Thaïlande et le Vietnam. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI2 ; PHND; DGO; COM

Nel 2012 la tempesta tropicale Isaac e l'uragano Sandy hanno martoriato Haiti, danneggiando i raccolti, facendo straripare i fiumi, alla­gando le strade e bloccando l'accesso alle comunità. Mentre i prezzi ali­mentari aumentavano e i debiti crescevano, gli haitiani poveri hanno adot­tato misure estreme. Alcuni sono emigrati. Altri hanno resistito riducendo il numero di pasti al giorno e svendendo le proprie terre o il bestiame. Ogni estate, gli haitiani temono lo scatenarsi della furia degli elementi. Che si tratti di tempeste o di un periodo di siccità come quello che nel 2012 ha lasciato 18 milioni di affamati nel Sahel, o di altri eventi climati­ci estremi, dell'impennata dei prezzi alimentari o di una prolungata instabilità politica, le crisi e gli shock continuano a colpire i poveri e i più vulnerabili. Troppo spesso, coloro che non sono in grado di reagire si ritrovano ad affond­are nella povertà, a dover affrontare la malnutrizione e la fame.È ormai chiaro che non basta aiutare le popolazioni povere e vul­nerabili a sopravvivere agli shock a breve termine. Queste popolazioni sono tra quelle maggiormente colpite dagli shock - causati dall'uomo o naturali - e meno in grado di farvi fronte; per cui, essendovi costantemente esposte, non è facile per loro migliorare la propria condizione. Le popo­lazioni povere e vulnerabili devono incrementare la propria resilienza; e una parte essenziale del processo di sviluppo della resilienza consiste nel rafforzare la sicurezza alimentare e nutrizionale. Dato che l'accesso a un'alimentazione sana e adeguata è un diritto umano fondamentale, è di vitale importanza che tutti noi adottiamo misure per sviluppare la resilien­za migliorando la sicurezza alimentare e nutrizionale. La resilienza è il tema centrale dell'Indice Globale della Fame 2013, pubblicato congiuntamente da International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Concern Worldwide e Welthungerhilfe. Dato che secon­do l'Indice la fame nel mondo resta "grave", con 19 Paesi a livello "allar­mante" o "estremamente allarmante", promuovere la resilienza è fonda­mentale per aumentare la sicurezza alimentare e nutrizionale. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI2 ; PHND; DGO; COM

The 2013 Global Hunger Index (GHI), which reflects data from the period 2008-2012, shows that global hunger has improved since 1990, falling by one-third. Despite the progress made, the level of hunger in the world remains "serious," with 870 million people going hungry, according to estimates by the Food and Agriculture Organiza­tion of the United Nations.Across regions and countries, GHI scores vary considerably. South Asia and Africa south of the Sahara are home to the highest GHI scores. South Asia significantly lowered its GHI score between 1990 and 1995, mainly thanks to a large decline in underweight in children, but was not able to maintain its fast progress. Social inequality and the low nutritional, educational, and social status of women continue to contrib­ute to the high prevalence of underweight in children under five. Africa south of the Sahara did not advance as much as South Asia in the 1990s. Since the turn of the millennium, however, Africa south of the Sahara has shown real progress, and its GHI score is now lower than South Asia's. More political stability in countries earlier affect­ed by civil wars in the 1990s and 2000s meant economic growth could resume. Advances in the fight against HIV and AIDS, a decrease in the prevalence of malaria, and higher immunization rates contributed to a reduction in child mortality. Since 1990, 23 countries made significant progress, reducing their GHI scores by 50 percent or more. Twenty-seven countries moved out of the "extremely alarming" and "alarming" categories. In terms of absolute progress, the top ten countries in terms of improvements in GHI scores since 1990 were Angola, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Ghana, Malawi, Niger, Rwanda, Thailand, and Vietnam. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI2 ; PHND; DGO; COM

Die globale Hungersituation hat sich seit 1990 verbessert, wie der Welthunger-Index 2013 anhand von Daten aus dem Zeitraum 2008-2012 zeigt. Der WHI ist um ein Drittel gesunken. Dennoch ist die weltweite Hungersituation nach wie vor "ernst". 870 Millionen Men­schen hatten laut Schätzungen der Ernährungs- und Landwirtschafts­organisation der Vereinten Nationen (FAO) im Mittel der Jahre 2010-2012 nicht genug zu essen. Südasien und Afrika südlich der Sahara haben die höchsten WHI-Werte. Südasien hat seinen WHI-Wert zwischen 1990 und 1995 deutlich verbessert, vor allem durch einen großen Rückgang des Untergewichts bei Kindern. Der schnelle Fortschritt in dieser Region konnte jedoch nicht aufrechterhalten werden. Soziale Ungleichheit und der schlechte Ernährungszustand, das geringe Bildungsniveau und der niedrige gesellschaftliche Status von Frauen tragen nach wie vor zu einem hohen Anteil von Untergewicht bei Kindern unter fünf Jahren bei. Afrika südlich der Sahara konnte in den 1990er-Jahren den Hun­ger nicht so stark reduzieren wie Südasien. Seit der Jahrtausendwende hat die Region jedoch deutliche Fortschritte gemacht; ihr WHI-Wert liegt nun unter dem von Südasien. Größere politische Stabilität in den Län­dern, die in den 1990er- und 2000er-Jahren von Bürgerkriegen betrof­fen waren, ermöglichte wirtschaftliches Wachstum. Fortschritte im Kampf gegen HIV und AIDS, Erfolge bei der Malariabekämpfung und höhere Impfraten trugen zu einer Senkung der Kindersterblichkeit bei. Seit 1990 haben 23 Länder deutliche Fortschritte gemacht und ihre WHI-Werte um 50 Prozent oder mehr gesenkt. 27 Länder konnten die Kategorien "gravierend" und "sehr ernst" verlassen. Die folgenden zehn Länder haben seit 1990 die größten absoluten Fortschritte erzielt: Angola, Äthiopien, Bangladesch, Ghana, Kambodscha, Malawi, Niger, Ruanda, Thailand und Vietnam. ; Non-PR ; IFPRI2 ; PHND; DGO; COM

The papers in this book emphasize the rapid social change in Ghana that is raising new questions about the household and the family. The unchanging high fertility rate, and the incidence of female-headed households, which is on the ascendancy, is forcibly brought out in the book, especially in the way it makes women's roles more burdensome, and increases the number of women who are maintaining families on their own even in active marital unions. The papers also seek to discuss the importance of intra-household inequality and resource allocation for targeting and to examine the legal, economic and socio-cultural parameters for investigating the quality and maintenance of the Ghanaian child. (DÜI-Hff)

PR ; IFPRI3; CRP4; ISI; Stories of Change in Nutrition ; PHND; SAO; A4NH ; CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)

Although food prices in major world markets are at or near a historical low, there is increasing concern about food security—the ability of the world to provide healthy and environmentally sustainable diets for all its peoples. This article is an introduction to a collection of reviews whose authors were asked to explore the major drivers affecting the food system between now and 2050. A first set of papers explores the main factors affecting the demand for food (population growth, changes in consumption patterns, the effects on the food system of urbanization and the importance of understanding income distributions) with a second examining trends in future food supply (crops, livestock, fisheries and aquaculture, and 'wild food'). A third set explores exogenous factors affecting the food system (climate change, competition for water, energy and land, and how agriculture depends on and provides ecosystem services), while the final set explores cross-cutting themes (food system economics, food wastage and links with health). Two of the clearest conclusions that emerge from the collected papers are that major advances in sustainable food production and availability can be achieved with the concerted application of current technologies (given sufficient political will), and the importance of investing in research sooner rather than later to enable the food system to cope with both known and unknown challenges in the coming decades.