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The civil service has made significant contribution to the development of Hong Kong. Over the years, this institution has been exposed to challenges emanating from the rapidly changing environment. The preparation for Hong Kong's integration with China was a major accomplishment for the civil service

The civil service has made significant contribution to the development of Hong Kong. Over the years, this institution has been exposed to challenges emanating from the rapidly changing environment. The preparation for Hong Kong's integration with China was a major accomplishment for the civil service.

The circumstances prevailing in South Asia (SA) have led to a plateauing migration stream that has resulted in several categories of migrants. The underlying factors driving migration have been identical in all the countries of SA. In recent years, however, poverty, conflicts, political and religious persecution, natural disasters and climate change have emerged as the most prominent drivers. External migration flow from SA has more than doubled between 2000 and 2015. This is a dynamic region, with millions (over 38m in 2017) of people crossing borders, both intra-regionally and extra-regionally. In recent years, wealthy citizens from SA have begun to move out of their countries with the intention of settling down elsewhere. This tendency has raised concerns among the policy makers because they create the grounds for reverse remittance flows. This research is meant to identify and contribute to the discourse of a new category of migrants (non-conventional migration) who are different from those in the conventional migration stream that included economic and forced migration. This research has crucial policy implications for both origin and destination countries.

The circumstances prevailing in South Asia (SA) have led to a plateauing migration stream that has resulted in several categories of migrants. The underlying factors driving migration have been identical in all the countries of SA. In recent years, however, poverty, conflicts, political and religious persecution, natural disasters and climate change have emerged as the most prominent drivers. External migration flow from SA has more than doubled between 2000 and 2015. This is a dynamic region, with millions (over 38m in 2017) of people crossing borders, both intra-regionally and extra-regionally. In recent years, wealthy citizens from SA have begun to move out of their countries with the intention of settling down elsewhere. This tendency has raised concerns among the policy makers because they create the grounds for reverse remittance flows. This research is meant to identify and contribute to the discourse of a new category of migrants (non-conventional migration) who are different from those in the conventional migration stream that included economic and forced migration. This research has crucial policy implications for both origin and destination countries.

The four dragons of Asia - Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and South Korea - have achieved remarkable progress over the past decades. These newly industrialising countries (NICs) have emerged as major actors on the world economic scene. Their success can be attributed to a number of factors related to historical background, relationship with China, pattern of governance and performance of administrative, political and economic institutions. This book examines the role of public administration in the accomplishments of the NICs and identifies potential areas of challenge for the dragons

This paper compares the impact of citizen's charters in delivering services by Union Parishads in Bangladesh in Bengali-majority and tribal areas. Using a qualitative research method, the case study was used to look at CC implementation in a comprehensive and in-depth way. Interview and observation methods were employed to collect data. One hundred interviewees from each union, including service providers, service users, and LG officials, were consulted in equal numbers from May to July 2019. The findings of this study reveal that, although Union Parishads of both areas are implementing charters, their performance differs. Subjects of performance variation are timeliness of service delivery, cost of services and responsiveness of the service providers. Performance variation results from varying degrees of implementation of the citizen's charter, attributable to several factors that include citizens' awareness, knowledge and skills, implementation willingness, and performance monitoring of the local officials.

The landscape of development policy is vast and varied. In all societies of the contemporary world, development is crucial both as a means and an end. Unlike in the past, when the underdeveloped countries invariably had to strive hard across many sectors - economic, political and social - to accomplish the goals of development, the developed countries also now encounter similar challenges despite having attained significant social and economic progress. Thus, the process of formulating and implementing development policies is a core function in all states, regardless of their size, location, level of prosperity, ideological inclination and strength of the economy. Managing development remains a consistent challenge for many countries as they struggle to perform the essential activities of governing with limited resources and weak institutions. These handicaps have forced governments - in developing countries, in particular - to concentrate on only a limited number of areas for improvement, notably those that allow regimes to showcase their 'accomplishments' for gaining political advantages locally and globally. For that reason, the more pressing problems of societies are usually overlooked, with merely a few privileged groups reaping benefits from development initiatives. Since the late twentieth century, the compass of development has been widening and multiplying the range of policies and strategies for a variety of development sectors - some traditional, others contemporary. The policy process has increasingly become intricate and unwieldy, given the rise of unfamiliar challenges often hard to assuage, such as recurring financial crises, climate change and the global coronavirus pandemic. Issues in an uncertain milieu keep accumulating, testing national governments and international policy regimes' capability to cope with them. Global conventions and international organizations, with the support of regional bodies, national governments and civil society, make relentless efforts to find solutions for a ...

The world faces major challenges due to wars, natural disasters, environmental fallout, human-itarian crises, economic downturns, political and social upheavals and global pandemics. Improving the quality of life in a hostile environment is a daunting task. Until recently, the state has been the driver of change and engine for growth. State intervention propelled the South and the East to advance but from economic perspectives - accelerated growth through robust fiscal and monetary policies, export expansion, import substitution, industrialization, infrastructure building and technological innovation (Zafarullah & Huque, 2012). State inter-vention was accompanied by policy intervention for promoting equality, equity, economy and social well-being (see Karagiannis & King, 2019). However, with the state's roll-back shaped by neoliberal approaches to development and the ramifications of globalization, the influences and interventions of the market, private sector, non-state organizations and international regimes take on critical dimensions in development and the policy process. Arguably, with restrained state functionality and the growing intensity of self-regulating markets, the sphere of democratic policymaking has considerably shrunk and the potential for policy failures increased (Peck, Theodore & Brenner, 2012). Perhaps this can be reversed or remitted by 'inclusive neoliberalism' (Porter & Craig, 2004). In general, the nature of the state, 'ideological' leanings of policy regimes, the structure of political power arrangements and the effects of stressors stemming from within national boundaries or beyond, determine the kind of policies to be adopted. The sorts of social, economic, environmental or technological transformation that a policy aims to attain will influence the preferences of the political leadership, amplitude of bureaucratic support, mechanics of the policy process, the degree of stakeholder involvement, force of public opinion and the influence or participation of the ...