How was anti-communism organised in the West? This book covers the agents, aims, and arguments of various transnational anti-communist activists during the Cold War. Existing narratives often place the United States - and especially the CIA - at the centre of anti-communist activity. The book instead opens up new fields of research transnationally
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How was anti-communism organized in the West? Was it all run by the CIA? The book covers the aims, arguments and associations of a range of transnational anti-communist activists during the Cold War. While the CIA were obviously important, other motives, interests and financial sources were available. The contributors of this volume open up new fields of research to explore how far anti-communism was actually planned, coordinated and structured across Western nations. By taking a transnational approach, the book moves beyond simply reducing anti-communist activities to the interests of governments and instead focuses on the role of individuals and private networks, how they organized themselves and how they pursued their own interests. While Cold Warriors in both the US and Europe called for an anti-communist 'crusade', various factors -- geopolitical interests, elitist prejudices, ideological divisions, religious beliefs -- were influential in fuelling activism. This volume demonstrates the complex array of forces, factions and frictions that were active during the Cold War, and shows that Western anti-communism, despite its apparently straightforward goal to oppose Soviet power, moved along many different paths simultaneously.
This article introduces the research problem and questions guiding the special issue, situating them in the relevant academic context with references to the literature on soft power and its historical and contemporary relevance for the transatlantic relationship. Based on a reconceptualization of the notion of soft power in the context of 'Transatlantica', defined as the political and geographical space inhabited by the EU and the US, it provides an overview of the key insights of the research articles and synthesizes the findings emerging from the different policy domains studied in the special issue. It concludes by deriving the broader conceptual insights – in particular an expanded conception of soft power – as well as the normative, policy-relevant implications from these findings.
The American Society of African Culture : the CIA and transnational networks among African diaspora intellectuals / Hugh Wilford -- The American Federation of Labor and the Nordic non-communist left / Dino Knudsen -- Brother tronchet : a Swiss trade union leader within the American sphere of influence / Luc van Dongen -- Not an ugly American : Sal Tas, a Dutch reporter as agent of the West in Africa / Tity de Vries -- Paix et liberté : the formative transnational anti-communist network / Bernard Ludwig -- Gathering the exiles : the assembly of captive European nations / Martin Nekola -- The formation and mutations of the World Anti-communist League / Pierre Abramovici -- The necessity of going transnational : the role of interdoc / Giles Scott-Smith -- Brian Crozier and the Institute for the Study of Conflict / Jeff Michaels -- Global crusade against communism : the Cercle during the "second cold war" / Adrian Hänni -- The sovietology of Józef M. Bocheński : transnational activism from Switzerland, 1955-1965 / Matthieu Gillabert -- Suzanne Labin : an Atlanticist anti-communist professional / Olivier Dard -- The Mont Pelerin Society and the rise of the postwar neoliberal counter-establishment / Niels Bjerre-Poulsen -- Better dead than red : Wilhelm Röpke, a neoliberal anti-communist / Jean Solchany -- Transnational anti-communist fundamentalism : the International Council of Christian Churches / Markku Ruotsila -- A Christian kominform? : the Comité international de défense de la civilisation chrétienne / Johannes Grossmann -- Bible smuggling and human rights in the Soviet Bloc during the cold war / Bent Boel
While the divide between capitalism and communism, embodied in the image of the Iron Curtain, seemed to be as wide and definitive as any cultural rift, Giles Scott-Smith, Joes Segal, and Peter Romijn have compiled a selection of essays on how culture contributed to the blurring of ideological boundaries between the East and the West. This important and diverse volume presents fascinating insights into the tensions, rivalries, and occasional cooperation between the two blocs, with essays that represent the cutting edge of Cold War Studies and analyze aesthetic preferences and cultural phenomena as various as interior design in East and West Germany; the Soviet stance on genetics; US cultural diplomacy during and after the Cold War; and the role of popular music as the universal cultural ambassador. An illuminating and wide-ranging survey of interrelated collective dreams from both sides of the Iron Curtain, Divided Dreamworlds? has a place on the bookshelf of any modern historian.
Introduction:Past as Prelude, Multilateralism as a Tactic and Strategy, Dan Plesch & Thomas G. Weiss 1. - PART ONE: PLANNING AND PROPAGANDA 15. - 1. Prewar and Wartime Postwar Planning: Antecedents to the UN Moment in San Francisco, J. Simon Rofe 17. - 2. UN Public Diplomacy: Communicating the Post-National Message, Giles Scott-Smith 36. - 3. Educators across Borders: The Council of Allied Ministers of Education, 1942-45, Miriam Intrator 56. - PART TWO: HUMAN SECURITY 77. - 4. A New Paradigm of International Criminal Justice? Reconsidering the 1943-1948 United Nations War Crimes Commission, Dan Plesch 79. - 5. UNRRA's Operational Genius and Institutional Design, Eli Karetny & Thomas G. Weiss 99. - 6. Towards Universal Relief and Rehabilitation: India, UNRRA, and the New Internationalism, Manu Bhagavan 121. - PART THREE: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 137. - 7. The United Nations and Development: From the Origins to Current Challenges, John Burley & Stephen Browne 139. - 8. Financing Gaps, Competitiveness, and Capabilities: Why Bretton Woods Needs a Radical Rethink, Pallavi Roy 160. - 9. Stable Agricultural Markets and World Order: The FAO, and ITO, 1943-1949, Ruth Jacherz 179. - 10. Conclusion: Past as Prelude, Whither the United Nations?, Dan Plesch & Thomas G. Weiss 199
