Suchergebnisse

Repetition is constitutive of human life. Unlike simple recall, repetition is permeated by the past and the present and is oriented toward the future. This book investigates the significance of different forms of repetition in literature, culture, and society through studies of the function and importance of an array of repetitive phenomenon.

Maģistra darba uzdevums ir analizēt pilsoņu karu atkārtošanās iemeslus Kotdivuārā, Lībijā un Mali. Pētījuma centrā ir arguments, ka vāja institucionālā leģitimitāte, vāja trešo pušu iesaiste un sasteigts atbruņošanās, demobilizācijas un reintegrācijas process saasina drošības dilemmu starp konfliktējošām pusēm, kas noved pie atkārtota pilsoņa kara. Lai pierādītu autores argumentus, darba teorētiskā bāze tika balstīta uz pilsoņu karu teorijām, kas ir prakses vispārinājumi, kā arī uz drošības dilemmas koncepta aplūkošanu pilsoņu karu ietvaros. Kā analīzes metode ir fokusētā salīdzināšanas metode. Iegūtie rezultāti tika apkopoti secinājumos, un autore izvirzīja arī rekomendācijas tālākiem akadēmiskiem pētījumiem, kā arī lēmumu pieņēmējiem. ; The main task of this Master thesis is to analyze the reasons for the recurrence of civil war in Côte d'Ivoire, Libya and Mali. The study focuses on the argument that the weak institutional legitimacy, weak third-party involvement and rushed disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process is exacerbated by the security dilemma between the conflicting parties, which leads to recurrence of civil war. In order to demonstrate the author's arguments, the theoretical basis of the work are based on the civil war theories that are generalizations of practice, as well as the security dilemma concept within the civil war context. Author chose the structural focused comparison method in order to analyze selected cases. The results were summarized in the conclusions, and the author also put forward recommendations for further academic studies, as well as for the decision-makers.

In the Republic of Korea (ROK), military antimalarial chemoprophylaxis was initiated in 1997. Although chemoprophylaxis reduces malaria cases, long-term chemoprophylaxis could increase resistance. In this study, the recurrence rate of vivax malaria was investigated. All vivax malaria cases that occurred before 31 December 2003 among soldiers and veterans who entered the ROK army between 1 January 1998 and 28 February 2001 were reviewed. Of the 3881 reported cases (2375 soldiers and 1506 veterans), 62 (1.6%) experienced a second attack and 2 (0.05%) experienced a third attack. Fifteen cases (24.2%) recurred 180 days after the start of initial treatment. Most of the second attacks (54/62) were exposed to malaria risk after initial treatment. Among 1506 veterans, 5 (0.3%) recurred and they had not been exposed to malaria risk after retirement; 1 recurred 43 days and 4 recurred >180 days after the start of initial treatment. All recurring cases were completely cured using the same dosage and regimen used for the first or second treatments. In conclusion, few cases of vivax malaria recurred after standard treatment. It is suggested that recurrences of vivax malaria are effectively prevented by the current treatment regimen and dosage ; open

The article evaluates the actual distance from Foucault's archaeological thought in relation to French historical epistemology. The objective is to show that the ideas of discontinuity and recurrence of Canguilhem epistemology have had decisive effects on the archeology of Foucault. Even if the archeologist of knowledge evokes a new way of practicing the history of science, the epistemological mark of Canguilhem always seems to be present.

"Demobilization Challenges After Armed Conflict" published on by Oxford University Press.

This paper examines the effect of international organizations (IOs) on the recurrence of international crises. In line with existing literature on conflict onset, I suggest that country-dyads with more co-memberships in IOs have a lower probability of fighting again. Moving beyond this claim, however, I argue that the scope and mandate of the IO are not relevant for the risk of crisis recurrence. Ultimately, all types of IOs promote links between states and strengthen their chances for effective international cooperation. Empirically, I examine the probability of crisis recurrence between 1950 and 2008, using the count of dyadic co-memberships as the main explanatory variable. The results show that co-membership in any type of IO has negative and significant impact on crisis recurrence. Moreover, the disaggregation of IOs into different categories (e.g., those dedicated to conflict prevention, peace-brokering, or security) also points to a negative effect. The effects of IOs disaggregated by type, however, are not significantly different from the overall IO impact.

Objective: To discover, by using metabolomics, novel candidate biomarkers for stroke recurrence (SR) with a higher prediction power than present ones. Methods: Metabolomic analysis was performed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in plasma samples from an initial cohort of 131 TIA patients recruited ,24 hours after the onset of symptoms. Pattern analysis and metabolomic profiling, performed by multivariate statistics, disclosed specific SR and large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA) biomarkers. The use of these methods in an independent cohort (162 subjects) confirmed the results obtained in the first cohort. Results: Metabolomics analyses could predict SR using pattern recognition methods. Low concentrations of a specific lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC[16:0]) were significantly associated with SR. Moreover, LysoPC(20:4) also arose as a potential SR biomarker, increasing the prediction power of age, blood pressure, clinical features, duration of symptoms, and diabetes scale (ABCD2) and LAA. Individuals who present early (,3 months) recurrence have a specific metabolomic pattern, differing from non-SR and late SR subjects. Finally, a potential LAA biomarker, LysoPC(22:6), was also described. Conclusions: The use of metabolomics in SR biomarker research improves the predictive power of conventional predictors such as ABCD2 and LAA. Moreover, pattern recognition methods allow us to discriminate not only SR patients but also early and late SR cases. ; Supported by the Autonomous Government of Catalunya (2009SGR- 735), the Spanish Ministry of Health (FIS 11-02033), and the Marató of TV3 Foundation (95/C/2011). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Samples were obtained with the support of IRBLleida biobank and RETICS BIOBANCOS (RD09/0076/00059)

Cancer recurrence and disease-free survival are key outcomes for measuring the burden of illness, assessing the quality of cancer care, and informing decisions about increasingly costly cancer therapies. Yet information about recurrence is not collected in cancer registries or other population-based data sources. To address the lack of population-based recurrence information, researchers are increasingly using algorithms applied to health claims to infer recurrence. However, the validity of these approaches has not been comprehensively evaluated. In this commentary, we review existing studies and discuss options for improving the availability of recurrence data. We found that the validity of claims-based approaches appears promising in small, single institution studies, but larger population-based studies have identified substantial limitations with using claims to identify recurrence. With the increasing availability of health data, there are potential options that can be implemented to enhance information about recurrence. These options include design of software for the electronic medical record that enables rapid and standardized reporting of recurrence, use of electronic pathology reports to facilitate streamlined collection of recurrence by cancer registries, and mandates by insurers to require reporting of recurrence on health claims submitted by physicians. All of these options will require that governmental agencies, health insurers, professional societies, and other groups recognize the importance of population-based recurrence data and determine that this information is a priority for assessing cancer outcomes and costs.