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This communication analyzes the situation of six multinational companies' policy of "social responsibility" and of "sustainable development". The purpose of this communication is to define how these companies, especially the subsidiaries, are socially responsible and take into account environmental issues. This exploratory and qualitative study is based on the analysis of official discourse of six firms and those of human resources managers. We highlight different types of "social responsibility", the "stakeholders" that are taken into account by companies and the means implemented to achieve the policies of "sustainable development" and of "social responsibility". Our purpose is to show, beyond the official discourse, which role the subsidiaries play and which autonomy they have in their policies' implementation. We wonder in conclusion about the hypothesis that a new way of human resource management of organizations is likely to appear through this new "social responsibility" and, conversely, if the new management involves the emergence of a new social responsibility. We will show that the types of responsibility, shown through the web site and in the HR discourses, are "ethic" (stands for the respect of the values, the standards and the requirements that stakeholders find fair) and "economic" ( focuses on the production of goods and services). Those classifications depend on the firm's sector. The Human Resources can be more regardful for the legal aspects or for the political aspects, especially in crisis situation. The human resources play different roles and highlight different priorities: respect of fundamental values, actions of the subsidiary that are presented as models, transparent communication, gather the employees around values and projects… ; Peer reviewed

A new crisis is looming, and perhaps more strongly to the experience in 2008, which as is well known scenes of panic believe in global stock markets and declines in the real sector of the economy, the effects remain latent in many economies Euro and North America. The crisis now emanating from the fiscal imbalances, especially those countries that have failed to intelligently manage their fiscal accounts as a result of this, some are already on the verge of insolvency, as is Greece in the Euro Zone. In the same way there are other economies such as Italy and why not also say U.S. countries that have been punished with lower grades for their compliance credits. these results, given the globalization of markets will not stay there but that play consistently to other economic areas such as the Americas, including Peru, as no kind of economy could argue that you can be immune when crises occur this type, called a sovereign crisis. To worsen the debt crisis, the effects will be highly detrimental to the economy, so governments warrants redesign their global public policy to keep its fiscal accounts and total economic stability. ; Una nueva crisis se avecina, y quizás sea con mayor fuerza a lo experimentando en el 2008, que como bien se conoce creo escenarios de pánicos en las bolsas globales y retrocesos en el sector real de la economía, cuyos efectos aún permanecen latentes en muchas economías del Euro y también Norteamérica. La crisis ahora emanan de los desequilibrios fiscales, especialmente de aquellos países que no han sabido administrar con inteligencia sus cuentas fiscales, producto de ello, algunos ya se encuentran ad porta de la insolvencia económica, tal como lo es Grecia en la Zona del Euro. En este mismo camino se encuentran otras economías como Italia y porque no decir también EE.UU. países que han sido castigados con menores calificaciones para sus cumplimientos crediticos. estos resultados, dada la globalización de los mercados no se quedan allí sino que se reproducen sistemáticamente a otras espacios económicas como son las Américas, entre ellos el Perú, ya que ningún tipo de economía podría argumentar que se puede sentir inmune cuando se presentan crisis de este tipo, llamada crisis soberana. De agravarse esta crisis de deuda pública, los efectos serán altamente pernicioso para las economías, por ello amerita que los gobiernos rediseñen sus políticas públicas globales a fin de mantener sus cuentas fiscales y económicas en total estabilidad.

The continuation of China's successful rise depends considerably on the capacity of the Chinese government to prevent and manage a wide range of potential and actual crises, which could, if mishandled, have serious adverse consequences for China. These potential crises are both domestic - where the example of the collapse of the Soviet Union is well understood and remembered in China - and, increasingly, as a result of China's ever closer involvement in the global system. This book presents a comprehensive overview of crisis management in China, and examines China's mode of managing economic

The enduring rivalry between India and Pakistan has been manifold due to the trust deficit, threat perception, and non-resolving nature of their disputes. The hostile nature of the two neighbours demands a deep understanding of their relationship, and focus isrequired on how a particular crisis management approach has helped them manage their conflict and avoid war during the Pulwama crisis. The paper applies Michael Brecher's four-stage model to explain the Pulwama crisis and describe how the situation between India and Pakistan has shifted from a perception of nuclear war to de-escalation after the attack. Crisis management helped the two states to retaliate back from their position and avoid the war-like scenario anticipated at that time. The various dimensions and underpinnings of crisis management entail that the synthesis of traditional and modern concepts of crisis management will better explain the theoretical contours of crisis management.


Bibliography Entry
Khurshid, Tayyaba (2023) "From Crisis Onset to De-Escalation: Examining Role of Crisis Management in the Pulwama Crisis" NDU Journal. 37: 25-33.

"Islamic Banking will be about the nature of risk in Islamic banking and the regulatory framework which includes capital adequacy, corporate governance, transparency and risk associated with Islamic banking. The book will cover materials about Islamic banking and also will show how each of these issues defers from the non-Islamic Banking, shading light on the effect of the global economic crisis on Islamic banks vs. conventional banks. It will discuss history and development, the nature of risk, the importance and role of capital, corporate governance and transparency, the salient features of Islamic banking that distinguishes it from non-Islamic banking, and the development of the regulatory bodies and supervisory agencies that support the Islamic banking system. The book will try to give answers to questions such as: Is the existing regulatory framework sufficient enough to - Ensure safe and sound banking system? Face the inherent risk associated with Islamic banking? Prevent systemic risk in the banking system? The book concludes with discussions on (1) the relationship between the Islamic banking regulators and the western regulators, and (2) the obstacle and challenges from regulatory prospective that faces the Islamic banking"--

"Islamic Banking will be about the nature of risk in Islamic banking and the regulatory framework which includes capital adequacy, corporate governance, transparency and risk associated with Islamic banking. The book will cover materials about Islamic banking and also will show how each of these issues defers from the non-Islamic Banking, shading light on the effect of the global economic crisis on Islamic banks vs. conventional banks. It will discuss history and development, the nature of risk, the importance and role of capital, corporate governance and transparency, the salient features of Islamic banking that distinguishes it from non-Islamic banking, and the development of the regulatory bodies and supervisory agencies that support the Islamic banking system. The book will try to give answers to questions such as: Is the existing regulatory framework sufficient enough to - Ensure safe and sound banking system? Face the inherent risk associated with Islamic banking? Prevent systemic risk in the banking system? The book concludes with discussions on (1) the relationship between the Islamic banking regulators and the western regulators, and (2) the obstacle and challenges from regulatory prospective that faces the Islamic banking"--

An indispensable handbook for assisting clients in crisis and in their journey toward healing Integrating practical training with both research and theory, Fundamentals of Crisis Counseling offers students and professionals proven hands-on techniques to assist clients in recovery from crisis and towards an eventual return to their day-to-day lives. Written in the author's gentle yet purposeful voice, this reader-friendly guide is filled with lessons on current evidence-based counseling, how to operate as a client stress manager, and information on finding resources that facilitate client res

This article aims at analysing the strengths and shortfalls of the European Union (EU) Civilian Crisis Management (CCM) system after the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty. The Treaty introduced a number of important innovations at the strategic, institutional and operational level that have the potential to produce a significant impact on the way in which the EU addresses today's complex crises and defines its role in the international security environment. The article starts out with a review of the origin and evolution of the EU as a civilian crisis manager actor, with a view to point out the main steps, concrete achievements and remaining gaps on the eve of the adoption of the Lisbon Treaty. The second part focuses on the assessment of the Lisbon Treaty's innovations in the CCM system in terms of institutions, mechanisms and capabilities. The following section is dedicated to the evaluation of the experience on the ground, conducted through the identification of the main trends of CCM after Lisbon. The analysis relies on the study of the civilian missions launched by the EU since 2012: EUCAP Sahel Niger, EUCAP Nestor, EUAVSEC South Sudan and, more recently, EUBAM Libya, EUCAP Sahel Mali and EUAM Ukraine. The last part offers some policy recommendations for the EU in order to improve its performance in the field of CCM through improved strategies, institutional set-up, operational planning and capability development.

The contingency theory of conflict management and current crisis management literature are integrated in this paper to examine how crisis has been communi-cated and managed by the Singapore government and what kinds of strategies arose during the various stages of the SARS crisis life-cycle. Findings show that the Singapore government played a predominant role in managing how its multiple publics perceived the crisis by extensive communication through the news media. The media, in turn, playing a supporting nation-building role, assisted the government's management and communication of the crisis. To effectively manage the perception and emotion of the various public, the government had recourse to more accommodative stances. Accommodation embedded in advocacy was the operational approach adopted by the govern-ment in order to move its multiple publics in the same strategic direction along an continuum of accommodation.

Abstract
Intercultural crisis communication in an interconnected and globalized world emphasizes the need for translation
to be put in place as foreign nationals with cultural and linguistic barriers might rely on it to prepare for a possible crisis or
make informed decisions when already affected by a crisis. However, translation is an underdeveloped tool in crisis management,
particularly in China. Considering it a special branch of public service translation, the author investigates crisis translation
by using a case study of the disruptive outbreak of novel coronavirus disease in Wuhan. Based upon the author's first-hand
experience as a crisis manager at the Office of Foreigner Affairs in the Municipal Government of Wuhan, this article describes how
government translators with the help of external volunteer translators made language services available and accessible to affected
foreign nationals in the response phase from 8 January 2020 to 7 April 2020. It analyses these translation-mediated activities
from a crisis manager's perspective. Despite the preliminary nature of the findings, which still call for further validation, it
is hoped that insights from this article will be of interest to those who are engaged with crisis translation services and to
those who research crisis translation.

"The crisis of globalization, triggered by the global financial crunch, took the form of a crisis of governability of the most powerful global powers. Instability within the states and not the rivalry between them defines global politics. The behavior of the most important global actors is shaped not by their efforts to manage globalization but by their efforts to manage the backlash against globalization. In such a situation, it is logical to expect that governments will aim to increase their country's level of independence and to curb the negative effects of interdependence. So, if some years ago regionalization was a strategy for building a more global world, now it is perceived as an alternative to it. The paradox of power in this world is that the more successful you are in reducing your vulnerability to the outside, the less powerful you are. In this environment of shifting balances - from external to internal - it is the capacity to find your place in the international system while keeping political and social stability at home that will be the best manifestations of one's power or weakness." (author's abstract)

Social media and social media tools have improved rapidly and started to influence society especially in recent years. This influence has forced businesses to revolutionize their communication with the external environment. The fact that Web 2.0 has an influence on consumer behavior, and that it makes the consumers stronger; requires faster, more flexible and more sensitive communication processes in businesses. Especially during a time of crisis, a business' communication with the external environment is quite critical. For this reason, the way how the crisis communication is managed through social media is vital for businesses. In this article, the perceptions of how to manage businesses during a time of crisis so that they make minimum loss, is shared.