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This commentary argues that prescriptive immigration scholarship has something to learn from the rise of Donald Trump. The Republican party's relatively close ideological engagement with the aspirations of its immigration dissenters (white nationalists) has paid political dividends in the long run by allowing the party to capture a passion for immigration issues and marry that atavistic energy to legal know-how. But mainstream Democrats, along with scholars whose immigration reform prescriptions align with that group, reject as fantasy the open-borders demands of its dissenters. Yet fantasy can be made real, or at least spark real political enthusiasm, as Trump illustrates. A deeper engagement with the dreams of open-borders advocates, like the group #Not1More Deportation, could in time prove similarly fruitful and galvanizing for the mainstream immigration left.

Alle liberalen Gesellschaften haben heute mit Immigration zu tun, und nicht nur die Europäer sind unsicher, wie sie darauf reagieren sollen. Sie haben "Gastarbeiter" für Niedriglohnjobs willkommen geheißen, aber waren dann unwillig, ihnen die Vorzüge der Staatsbürgerschaft zu gewähren - oder auch nur ihren Kindern und Enkeln. Während die Europäer sich in der Union füreinander öffneten, haben sie sich zunehmend nach außen abgeschottet und angesichts der muslimischen Immigration ihre christliche Identität wiederentdeckt, oder sie betonen die Einzigartigkeit ihrer nationalen Kulturen. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt mit Blick auf die Geschichte der Immigration, dass sie sich letztendlich für die Einwanderer ebenso lohnt wie für die aufnehmenden Gesellschaften. Eine nützliche Hilfestellung bietet hier Kants Kosmopolitismus. Kant lehrt, dass die Umstände, unter denen wir leben, immer gegen die Umstände abgewogen werden müssen, unter denen wir uns, wären die Würfel zufällig anders gefallen, befunden haben könnten. Aus dieser Perspektive erscheint es unfair, dass jemand, der zufällig in den USA geboren wurde, wahrscheinlich länger und besser lebt als jemand, der in Kenia zur Welt kam. Ein System vollkommener Gerechtigkeit ist unmöglich, aber aus der Perspektive des kantischen Kosmopolitismus ist das Mindeste, was ein Amerikaner oder Europäer tun kann, eine gewisse Zahl von Immigranten aus Afrika willkommen zu heißen. Nicht nur wird die Welt dadurch ein klein wenig fairer, die Mischung der einen Kultur mit der anderen wird sich auch zum Nutzen beider auswirken. (ICA2)

The phrase immigration reform has been around since the early history of the country, and its meaning varies according to different social perspectives of whether to admit more immigrants or limit their numbers. Sociologist Nestor Rodríguez argues that while immigration reform may open the door for some new immigrants, invariably it keeps other immigrants out, sometimes because of restrictive regulations adopted by the administering government agencies.

"Immigration is the primary cause of population change in developed countries and a major component of population change in many developing countries. This clear and perceptive text discusses how immigration impacts population size, composition, and distribution. The authors address major socio-political issues of immigration through the lens of demography, bringing demographic insights to bear on a number of pressing questions currently discussed in the media, such as: Does immigration stimulate the economy? Do immigrants put an excessive strain on health care systems? How does the racial and ethnic composition of immigrants challenge what it means to be American (or French or German)? By systematically exploring demographic topics such as fertility, health, education, and age and sex structures, the book provides students of immigration with a broader understanding of the impact of immigration on populations and offers new ways to think about immigration and society"--

The article considers the problems of Spanish immigration within the period of 1981–2015, namely, its dynamics, latest tendencies and socio-economic characteristics (including changes in nationality, gender, age and educational structures of immigrants). Primarily, the stress is made on an in-depth analysis of the following main features of immigrants' population in Spain: the levels of their incomes, the unemployment rate, the living standards. The author makes a conclusion that Spanish immigrants constitute not only a majority of poor population in the country but they are also ones of the poorest in Europe. It is particularly evident against the background of their impact upon the economic activity and employment's rate of the country's population and economic growth. At the considered period all the mentioned indicators were noticeably higher for immigrants than for local labor force, not saying of the positive immigrants' influence on the growth and rejuvenation of Spanish people. Secondly, a considerable part in the article is devoted to the analysis of the immigration policy of Spanish government during the considered period of time. The author singles out the specific stages of this policy and shows that its contents and approaches modified in strict dependence of political factors. The Spanish Socialist Working Party was the beginner of the immigration policy in 1985 which always had the most liberal character particularly when it was concerned to the immigrant social and labor integration based on human rights equality. On the contrary, immigration policy of the now ruling conservative Partido Popular has more pragmatic, selective and rigid approach to foreign labor force legislation.

One important characteristic that distinguishes contemporary immigration from previous waves of immigration is the presence of significant numbers of undocumented, or illegal, immigrants. The dearth of sound information on undocumented immigrants makes formulating and implementing policy concerning this clandestine segment of the population extremely difficult. The first part of this article presents up-to-date empirical studies of the numbers of undocumented aliens in the country. The principal conclusion to be drawn from these studies is that the size of the undocumented immigrant population is substantially smaller than the figures most often cited. Although the largest numbers of undocumented immigrants are from Mexico, virtually every area of the world contributes some undocumented immigrants. The available evidence regarding the social, economic, and demographic characteristics of undocumented immigrants is reviewed in this article. The various arguments concerning the economic and social consequences of undocumented immigration are reviewed, together with the contradictory evidence used to support them. Finally, the consequences of research findings for policy alternatives are presented and various options for dealing with undocumented immigration are discussed.