Autonomy is often construed as separateness from others and is seen to result from a separation-individuation process. However, it is neither logically nor psychologically necessary for autonomy to imply separateness if the existence of the two different dimensions of agency and interpersonal distance are recognized. The two poles of the agency dimension are autonomy and heteronomy; those of the interpersonal distance dimension are separateness and relatedness. The two dimensions are confused when agency is pitted against relatedness. Different family interaction models are examined here in terms of childrearing patterns and the resultant types of (developing) selves. One of these, the autonomous-relational self, is suggested in this article to be a healthy synthesis of the two basic human needs for agency and relatedness. It tends to develop in the family model of emotional interdependence involving authoritative parenting. This family model and self constellation, which are supported by research evidence, involve a different set of theories than are traditionally found in psychology. This conceptualization synthesizes some apparently conflicting patterns of interpersonal relations and the self. It may serve as a corrective to the pervasive emphasis in psychology on individual autonomy at the cost of human relatedness.
AbstractThis study drew upon key elements of relational turbulence and stress and coping theories to advance a conceptual model linking relational turbulence with stress, depression, and involvement in health‐compromising behavior, such as drug and alcohol use, limited or extreme physical activity, disordered eating patterns, and unprotected sex. Romantically involved individuals (N = 476) completed an online survey. Structural equation modeling revealed that greater relational turbulence was related to higher perceived stress and depression which, in turn, were related to more frequent engagement in health‐compromising health behavior. The study provides an extension to both the relational turbulence and health literatures by identifying the downstream effects of relational turbulence on psychological and behavioral health.
Although relational commitment increases the likelihood that intimates will confront each other about relational problems, commitment may promote decisions to withhold complaints in some circumstances. We conducted a survey of undergraduate daters that focused on the conditions under which relational commitment prompts individuals to express or withhold relational complaints. As expected, we documented a positive association between relational commitment and the willingness to confront a partner; the magnitude of this association was stronger among respondents who had dated for less than a year compared to those who had been involved for a longer time. Despite this general trend, we also found that relational commitment was positively associated with withholding grievances because the respondent believed that the problem was minor and perceived the partner would not change. Finally, we observed an interaction between relational commitment and partner's supportiveness when predicting the number of complaints withheld. Among individuals who were not very committed to their relationships, the association between partner supportiveness and the number of irritations withheld was negative and statistically significant. Among highly committed respondents, the same association was positive and not significant.
Die gegenwärtige Soziologie leidet unter einer Reihe bedeutender Einschränkungen: So fokussiert sie allein die Dimension des Handelns, Kommunizierens, Selektierens und Konstruierens, an der sie, noch dazu nur Menschen, teilhaben lässt. Diese aktivistischen Vorurteile und anthropologischen Egoismen gilt es zu überwinden.Die vorliegende Studie zeigt auf, dass die Existenzweisen und Weltverhältnisse von Subjekten, Systemen und Netzwerken nicht aus deren Aktivität hervorgehen, sondern aus sozialen Beziehungen – und diese können sowohl interaktiv als auch interpassiv sein. Das ermöglicht der hier entwickelten relationalen Soziologie außerdem, die Vielfalt der menschlichen und nicht-menschlichen Akteure und Passeure in den Blick zu nehmen.Zwei empirische Fallstudien illustrieren abschließend die theoretische und methodologische Leistungsfähigkeit des vorgeschlagenen Perspektivenwechsels. Die Beziehungen zwischen Menschen und Tieren in sogenannten indigenen Gesellschaften lassen sich damit ebenso verstehen lernen wie die immersiven Versenkungen von Hochfrequenzhändlern in ihre algorithmischen Systeme.
Most individuals desire a more egalitarian society but figuring out what that would mean and how to get there is unclear. Elizabeth Anderson's relational egalitarianism is one approach to understanding what building a more egalitarian society would mean; this article will agree with her analysis but will highlight how, in attempting to achieve that goal, some serious issues arise. Specifically, Anderson mentions that a consequence of her view would be the elimination of "outcasts" as a status of social groups and how this leads to a tension between promoting social relationships as a primary good and respecting autonomy and privacy. This article will attempt to navigate this tension by providing a close analysis of how outcasts are created and clearly articulating how the elimination of such a group status creates the aforementioned tension. The upshot of the analysis is a sketch of a positive proposal that avoids the tension and makes progress toward the elimination of outcasts as a social group.
Purpose – The purpose of this research is to explore the resilience domain, which is important in the field of supply chain management; it investigates the effects relational competencies have for resilience and the effect resilience, in turn, has on a supply chain ' s customer value.
Design/methodology/approach – The research is empirical in nature and employs a confirmatory approach that builds on the relational view as a primary theoretical foundation. It utilizes survey data collected from manufacturing firms from three countries, which is analyzed using structural equation modeling.
Findings – It is found that communicative and cooperative relationships have a positive effect on resilience, while integration does not have a significant effect. It is also found that improved resilience, obtained by investing in agility and robustness, enhances a supply chain ' s customer value.
Practical implications – Some findings contrast the expectations derived from theory. Particularly, practitioners can learn that integration has a limited role in enhancing resilience.
Originality/value – The study distinguishes between a proactive and reactive dimension of resilience: robustness and agility. The relational view serves as the theoretical basis to explain the effects between three types of relational competencies (communication, cooperation, and integration) and the above-mentioned two dimensions of resilience.
Denne ph.d.-afhandling er et produkt af mit ph.d.-projekt udført i et samarbejde mellem DTU Management, Tekniske Universitet Danmark, Forskningsenheden for Almen Praksis ved Syddansk Universitet og Forskningsenheden for Almen Praksis ved Kbenhavns Universitet. Afhandlingen præsenterer forskningsundersøgelsen og en samling af tre forskningsartikler udarbejdet i perioden fra maj 2010 til juni 2014. Relationel koordinering og organisatorisk social kapital er mål for en organisations ydedygtighed. Relationel koordinering analyserer kommunikation og netværk hvor igennem arbejdet koordineres på tværs af funktionelle og organisatoriske grænser. Tidligere undersøgelser har vist, at relationel koordinering er positivt forbundet med levering af pleje og behandling af patienter med kronisk sygdom. Organisatorisk social kapital anvendes, når man analyserer det psykosociale arbejdsmiljø i organisationer, og ses som en kraftfuld ressource til at forbedre organisationens præstationer. Relationel koordinering og organisatorisk social kapital kan give ny indsigt og muligheder for udvikling af almen praksis. Almen praksis giver omkostningseektiv, first-line service og fungerer som en sluse for resten af sundhedssektoren. Almen praksis står over for en række voksende krav - mange praktiserende læger er tæt på pensionsalderen, samt stigende krav til omfattende styring og koordinering af patientforløb. Hverken forskere eller politikere har fundet frem til hvordan disse voksende krav kan løses. Dette ph.d.-projekt har målt relationel koordinering og organisatorisk social kapital i dansk almen praksis. Projektet viste, at praktiserende læger bedømte relationelle koordinering og organisatorisk social kapital i deres praksis højere end sekretærer og sygeplejersker. Ydermere, havde sole praksis højere relationelle koordinering og organisatorisk social kapital end samarbejdes og kompagni praksis. Der var ingen evidens for en sammenhæng mellem relationel koordinering og patienters evalueringer af almen praksis. Projektet viste yderligere at almen praksis med høj relationel koordination også havde høj produktivitet. ; This PhD dissertation is a product of my PhD project carried out in collaboration between DTU Management Engineering, The Technical University of Denmark, Research Unit for General Practice at University of Southern Denmark, and Research Unit for General Practice at University of Copenhagen. The dissertation present the research study and a collection of three research papers prepared during the period from May 2010 to June 2014. Relational coordination and organisational social capital are measures of novel aspects of an organisation's performance. Relational coordination analyse the communication and relationship networks through which work is coordinated across functional and organisational boundaries. Previous studies have shown that relational coordination is positively associated with delivery of care for patients with chronic illness. Organisational social capital is used when analysing the psychosocial work environment in organisations, and is seen as a powerful resources for improving organisational performance. Relational coordination and organisational social capital may oer new insight and opportunities for general practice to learn. General practice provides cost-efficient, first-line service and mindful gatekeeping. General practice are faced with a series of growing demands - from many GPs being close to retirement, to the increasing demands for comprehensive management and coordination of patient care. Neither researchers nor politicians have found solutions to overcome the growing demands. This PhD project has measured relational coordination and organisational social capital in Danish general practice. The project found that GP rated relational coordination and organisational social capital in their general practice higher than the secretaries and nurses, and single-handed practices had higher rating of both relational coordination and organisational social capital than cooperative and partnership practices. There was no evidence for an association between relational coordination and patient evaluation of general practice. However, general practice with high ratings of relational coordination was also found to have high productivity.
Relational values have recently emerged as a novel conceptfor research on human-environment relationships, seekingto understand ethical principles that may fosterenvironmental stewardship, coupled with a recognition ofnature's contributions to people. At present, most empiricalresearch on relational values uses qualitative methods.Here we review some of the reasons that may havecontributed to the lack of quantitative research, besidesnoting that a lot of existing quantitative empirical researchon human-environment relationships already deals withrelational values, even if it does not use that terminology.We suggest that incorporating quantitative approaches intothe methodological toolkit of relational values research hasa number of benefits: First, it contributes to the empiricalevidence base testing hypotheses and assumptionsemerging from qualitative and conceptual work. Second, itmay help identifying core relational values shared acrosscultures, and this way improve communication andcooperation across different cultures. Third, it may improvethe political legitimacy of environmental decision-makingvia statistically representative measurements of publicviews. Complementing qualitative with quantitativeapproaches for relational values research is also in the spiritof integrated valuation and value pluralism.
