Suchergebnisse

Der weltweite urbane Wachstumstrend ist auch in Deutschland sichtbar, der Druck auf den Immobilienmärkten treibt die Bautätigkeit an die Schwelle des zur Verfügung stehenden Baulandes. Zur Flächenbegrenzung sollen neue Projektebesonders durch Innenentwicklung entstehen, große Wohnraumpotenziale sind hier jedoch meist nur noch auf schwerzu entwickelnden Arealen zu finden. Die im Wechselspiel zwischen Grundstücks- und Immobilienmärkten in Verbindung mit der Multidimensionalität stadtplanerischer Probleme entstandenen Rahmenbedingungen lassen auf eine Notwendigkeit für Stadtplaner und Stadtforscher schließen, effektivere Analyse- und Bewertungsmethoden zu entwickeln. In diesem Beitrag wird daher ein GIS-gestütztes Verfahren zur Optimierung von Baufeldern beschrieben, mit dem potenzielle Baulandflächen im Zusammenhang bewertet und attributiv-räumlich optimiert werden. Hierfür wird eine Fuzzy-Methodik mit einem heuristischen Optimierungsalgorithmus, dem Parameterized Region-Growing kombiniert und am Beispieldes Holsten-Areals in Hamburg demonstriert. Dabei können räumlich kompakte und zusammenhängende hoch bewertete Bauflächen für die Wohnungsbauentwicklung generiert werden, denen städtebauliche Kennwerte wie die Geschossflächenzahl und die realisierbare Bruttogeschossfläche zugewiesen werden. Im Vergleich mit bestehender Planung zeigen sich aufschlussreiche Ergebnisse, etwa in Hinblick auf eine effektivere Ausnutzung guter Mikrolagen, realistischer baulicher Dichtewerte und realisierbarer Flächenkennwerte.

This article unravels, by employing two binary logistic regressions, the socio-economic profiles of zero-car households in Flanders (Belgium) and sheds light on their residential environment. The employed dataset contains information regarding the socio-economic status and car ownership of all individuals with a home address in Flanders. Furthermore, the study explores the proportion and size of voluntarily car-free and car-less households due to constraints within the Flemish population. It does so by classifying zero-car households based on a spatial typology and the income decile these households belong to. Results indicate that zero-car households are overrepresented at the bottom of the income distribution and are overwhelmingly single. Children's presence contributes to the likeliness that a household owns a car. The spatial typology (urbanised, suburban, or rural) and the presence of public transport are minor but remain significant contributors. The main contribution of this article is that it highlights that despite the evidence that zero-car households are strongly present in urban areas, the share of zero-car households living in remote areas may not be underestimated. For the total population in Flanders, 5.47% of households may face problems due to their residential location and lack of a car, which comes on top of dealing with modest or low household budgets. Almost 37% of the zero-car population lives in an urbanised area and has a low income. This corresponds with 8.4% of the Flemish population. This group likely experiences a latent demand for car ownership. The households we can confidently identify as car-free, deliberately and voluntarily living without a car, are a minority group and account for approximately 5% of the Flemish population. The article concludes with the notion that involuntarily carlessness can be considered a proxy for vulnerability. However, urban planning centred around proximity, accompanied by housing policy that benefits low-income groups, can act as a buffer against transport vulnerability.

While there has been an increase in the rights and visibility of LGBTIQ+ people in (most) European countries, critiques of what is denounced as instrumentalization by public policies of LGBTIQ+ issues have also developed. In this context, one can ask how to qualify the strengthened relationships between governance and activism. In this article, I propose to explore the paradoxical articulation of the multiple sites from where the cause support can be enacted. Drawing on a Geneva-based ethnographic research project, I use the concept of governance–activism nexus to reflect on the liminal position of public officials in charge of implementing equality agendas. Troubling further the insider–outsider binary divide, I argue that they act towards a discrete queering of municipal governance from the inside, through the practice of allyship in solidarity. In so doing, this article offers future research perspectives for the study of urban/regional LGBTIQ+ activism and politics, while allowing us to question our own position as critical or activist researchers in the field of feminist and queer geographies.

In the politics of the regional and local development much less attention is devoting itself to small cities compared with large urban agglomerations. However a territorial cohesion of regions is seriously dependent on the amount and the level of development of small cities. Justifying the need of marketing assisting of the development of these economic individuals is the purpose of this article. The practice of the planning and the marketing management is poorly popularized especially in regions of Eastern Poland. In this article authors are stressing the need of assisting attraction of small cities towards basic groups, in it of residents, diverse companies, institutions and social organizations as well as visitors. The small cities are in the regions the specific "pumping stations" of the production, services, capital and information from the larger centers to one's back. On the example of the poorly urbanized Lubelskie Voivodship it is possible to state that the net of cities is too rare. Low urban planning standards are characteristic of small cities. The urban planning marketing can be the direction of the improvement of the social, economic and spatial situation of such regions as the Lubelskie Voivodship. Amongst this tools a main role will be playing the improvement in the standards of the technical and social infrastructure and comprehensive preparing the new investment grounds for the settlement and the market business activity. The improvement in the corporate culture of local governments in cooperation with all sorts partners on the local and regional level will also be needed.

The lack of territorial vision and coordination is often called into question to explain the practical difficulties encountered in applying the Eviter-Réduire-Compensation (ERC) sequence in France. It is in this context and in support of local stakeholders and local elected representatives in the Occitanie region that an interdisciplinary research team, combining economics, geography and ecology, has developed a methodology and tools to better anticipate and plan the application of the ERC sequence at regional level. ; International audience ; The lack of territorial vision and coordination is often called into question to explain the practical difficulties encountered in applying the Eviter-Réduire-Compensation (ERC) sequence in France. It is in this context and in support of local stakeholders and local elected representatives in the Occitanie region that an interdisciplinary research team, combining economics, geography and ecology, has developed a methodology and tools to better anticipate and plan the application of the ERC sequence at regional level. ; Le manque de vision et de coordination territoriales est souvent mis en cause pour expliquer les difficultés pratiques auxquelles se heurte l'application de la séquence Éviter-Réduire-Compenser (ERC) en France. C'est dans ce contexte et en accompagnement des acteurs territoriaux et des élus locaux de la région Occitanie, qu'une équipe de recherche interdisciplinaire, mêlant économie, géographie et écologie, a élaboré une méthodologie et des outils afin de mieux anticiper et planifier l'application de la séquence ERC à l'échelle régionale.

Der Beitrag fußt auf einer Untersuchung über den Einfluss der Aufnahme einer erwerbsbedingten multilokalen Lebensweise auf das zivilgesellschaftliche Engagement anhand quantitativer und qualitativer Daten mittels einer Methodentriangulation. Theoretischen Überlegungen folgend, die auf dem civic voluntarism model, dem resources-centered model sowie der commuter's strain hypothesis basieren, wird ein negativer Einfluss der multilokalen Lebensweise auf das zivilgesellschaftliche Engagement erwartet. Regelmäßige An- und Abwesenheiten am Herkunfts- und Zielort sowie damit verbundene reduzierte zeitliche und psychische Ressourcen werden als zentrale theoretische Einflussmechanismen zur Erklärung des negativen Zusammenhangs angenommen. Die quantitative Untersuchung basiert auf fixed-effects-Panelregressionen, die auf Längsschnittdaten des Sozio-oekonomischen Panels (SOEP) angewendet werden. Die qualitative Untersuchung stützt sich auf problemzentrierte leitfadengestützte Interviews, die in einer Fallstudienanalyse im ländlich geprägten Landkreis Diepholz in Niedersachsen durchgeführt wurden. Die quantitativen Analysen weisen auf einen signifikanten negativen Effekt der Multilokalität auf das Engagement hin und zeigen, dass die stärkste Reduktion des Engagements zeitlich mit der Aufnahme der multilokalen Lebensführung erfolgt. Die qualitativen Analysen bestätigen diesen Befund und zeigen, dass die postulierten theoretischen Mechanismen einen zentralen Erklärungsfaktor des reduzierten Engagements als Folge von Multilokalität darstellen.

Die Leerstandsquote ist ein zentraler Indikator der Wohnungsmarktbeobachtung und wird zur Beurteilung von Wohnungsmarktsituationen herangezogen. In Deutschland variieren die Leerstandsquoten der Städte und Gemeinden stark, was unter anderem durch die Merkmale unterschiedlicher Bestände des Wohnungsmarktes bedingt ist, wie z. B. Baualter oder Wohnungsgröße. Für die Abbildung der gesamten dabei auftretenden Variationen wurde bislang kaum eine systematische Analyse von Leerstandsstrukturen erstellt. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird im vorliegenden Beitrag das Ziel verfolgt, die differenzierte Struktur des Leerstandes für deutsche Gemeinden aufzuzeigen. Dafür werden Daten der Gebäude- und Wohnungszählung (GWZ) 2011 verwendet, die flächendeckend und kleinräumig Leerstand differenziert nach 50 Ausprägungen erfassten. Diese Ausprägungen werden auf ihren Erklärungsgehalt für die Leerstandsquote geprüft. Darauf aufbauend werden räumliche Leerstandstypen gebildet, die die Leerstandsstruktur in Deutschland auf kommunaler Ebene wiedergeben. Der Beitrag macht deutlich, dass in erster Linie Merkmale des Baualters sowie der Gebäude- und Wohnungsgröße die Leerstandsquote erklären, sich aber deutliche Unterschiede zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland etwa in Bezug auf die Eigentumsform zeigen. Die kommunale Typisierung schärft und verräumlicht diese Erkenntnisse und unterstreicht, dass neben Ost-West- sowie Stadt-Land-Unterschieden auch Typen der Leerstandsstruktur existieren, die im gesamten Bundesgebiet vorkommen. Der Beitrag stellt eine Analyse vor, die mithilfe der entwickelten Typologie helfen soll, Leerstand zu differenzieren, zu bewerten und einzuordnen. Daraus lassen sich dann nicht nur Aussagen zum Einsatz von städtebaulichen und wohnungspolitischen Maßnahmen ableiten, auch die Raum- bzw. Wohnungsmarktbeobachtung auf Bundesebene lässt sich weiter qualifizieren.

Book reviewed in this article:Brownill, S. 1990: Developing London's docklands: another great planning disaster?Campbell, M. (ed.) 1990: Local economic policy.Cloke, P. and J. Little 1990: The rural state? Limits to planning in rural society.Greed, C. 1990: Surveying sisters: women in a traditional male profession.Low, Nicholas P. 1990: Planning, politics and the state: political foundations of planning thought.Shidlo, G. 1990: Social policy in a non‐democratic regime: the case of public housing in Brazil.Sachs, C. 1990: São Paulo: politiques publiques et habitat populaire.Thomas, H. and P. Healey with I. Crawley, S. Essex, S. Hendler, T. Kitchen, D. Nicholson, B. Pell, R. Swinbourne, N. Tibbs and J. Underwood 1991: Dilemmas of planning practice.

A comprehensive new survey tracing the global history of urbanism and urban design from the industrial revolution to the present. Written with an international perspective that encourages cross-cultural comparisons, leading architectural and urban historian Eric Mumford presents a comprehensive survey of urbanism and urban design since the industrial revolution. Beginning in the second half of the 19th century, technical, social, and economic developments set cities and the world's population on a course of massive expansion. Mumford recounts how key figures in design responded to these changing circumstances with both practicable proposals and theoretical frameworks, ultimately creating what are now mainstream ideas about how urban environments should be designed, as well as creating the field called "urbanism." He then traces the complex outcomes of approaches that emerged in European, American, and Asian cities. This erudite and insightful book addresses the modernization of the traditional city, including mass transit and sanitary sewer systems, building legislation, and model tenement and regional planning approaches. It also examines the urban design concepts of groups such as CIAM (International Congresses of Modern Architecture) and Team 10, and their adherents and critics, including those of the Congress for the New Urbanism, as well as efforts toward ecological urbanism. Highlighting built as well as unbuilt projects, Mumford offers a sweeping guide to the history of designers' efforts to shape cities.

I attempt to advance the research on globalization and regional development in China through a study of Kunshan City. I investigate the restructuring process, the structure of foreign direct investment, and the nature of global–local networks to understand trajectories and models of regional development in the context of globalization. I highlight the interactions of the Chinese state, transnational corporations (TNCs), and regional assets in shaping the trajectories of regional development. I argue that Kunshan's pathway to globalizing regional development is state centered and heavily dependent on global forces, which has made Kunshan a TNC satellite district and a dual city segmented between TNCs and domestic firms. I also argue that TNCs' local embeddedness has to be positioned in their global and external networks and that the assessment of regional development has to be conditioned upon a region's specific context. The findings suggest that neither new regionalism nor global production network perspectives can fully explain regional development in China with huge domestic markets and large regional disparities. I promote an alternative, middle-ground perspective to regional development to better integrate global forces, state institutions, and local contexts. Such a third approach to regional development has the potential to localize TNCs and to develop indigenous capacities.

Worldwide, high mountains are characterised by an ethnic, linguistic and socio-cultural, sometimes also religious variety. Thus, in addition to other regions mostly situated in national peripheries, they figure among the last retreats of traditionally ethno-linguistic diversity. According to estimates, about 250 million people belong to the so-called "indigenous" peoples living predominantly in peripheral regions; this figure amounts to between 70 and 80 million in Europe. Using the example of the Rhaeto-Romanic people of Graubünden (Grisons), it is possible to follow in detail the different phases of the territorial retreat as well as the causes accelerating and supporting that development. When the Rhaeto-Romanic area was at its largest, it extended from Regensburg to Trient and from Constance to Kufstein. The current area occupied is the result of a long shrinking process. In the Alps region, there are still three regions separated from each other, which are still settled by the Rhaeto-Romanish people: the district of Friuli (about 500 000 people; Italy), the Ladin region in the Dolomites (about 30 000 people; Italy) and the Romance Grisons region (about 40 000 people; canton of Graubünden (Grisons)/Switzerland). Since the end of the 19th century, the Rhaeto-Romanish language has increasingly been pushed back by the linguistic switch to the German or to the Italian languages, and the linguistic area has been subdivided into different sections. The effects of increasing development of the economy and transport communications in the mountain areas have especially favoured the peripheralisation process. The causes and reasons responsible for the peripheralisation of the Rhaeto-Romanish people are in detail as follows: The Rhaeto-Romanish people are linguistically subdivided into five main idioms, and by religious denomination into further fragments. The Rhaeto-Romanish population is very unevenly distributed within the canton, and in many communities it is demographically aging. The unbalanced structure of occupation and employment encourages emigration, especially of qualified people. A high proportion of persons speaking other languages, linguistically mixed marriages and the power of bilingualism (German/ Rhaeto-Romanish) stimulate the linguistic switch. This development is also encouraged by the low prestige value of the Rhaeto-Romanic language, by the lack of minority-specific urban centres and by the shortage in availability of a (primary, secondary and university) education and of the media. The most important factors influencing the preservation and the decline of the ethno-linguistic diversity are summerised in a diagram. In addition to the various area-based factors (natural landscape, natural resources and infrastructure), other superordinate social factors (economic, social, geopolitical situation, disparities, administration and planning system, minority politics and the legal situation) take effect. The different ethno-national, geostrategic, economic and ecological factors as well as their relationships to each other are represented in detail.

The northern ("lower") section of the Vistula is on the route of two international waterways - E70 and E40. However, the current condition of the riverbed prevents larger vessels from passing through. Plans for the waterway date back to the beginning of the 20th century. Following Poland's ratification of the European Agreement on Main Inland Waterways of International Importance in 2017, the general concept has been transformed into more concrete studies and has found its place in the national development policy. The scientific and political discourse primarily addresses the potential benefits of river regulation in the field of transport and energy. Against this background, studies on the impact of investments on the natural environment are published less frequently. Meanwhile, the Vistula has for centuries influenced the formation of a unique cultural landscape, which will be severely transformed if the river is regulated. On the other hand, insufficient transit depths of the waterway result in the loss of the function of the historic transport corridor, which also changes the character of parts of the area dependent on the river - in particular, the riverside areas of towns. This article aims to indicate the need for a qualitative landscape assessment of how the impact of investments is assessed and the best solution chosen. Using the assumptions of the historic urban landscape, the author analyses the potential impact of the planned investment in the lower Vistula on the surrounding cultural landscape. The potential scope for change in two dimensions is indicated at the scale of the lower Vistula and the individual towns. The possible impact of the investments on the panoramas is illustrated for selected cases.

Between October 2019 and August 2020, Beirut underwent an unprecedented sequence of events in its recent history, starting with massive anti-government protests, followed by an economic and financial meltdown, coupled with the Covid-19 pandemic, and ending with an explosion in the port that devastated large parts of the metropolis. As a city-newcomer and urban design student from the Technische Universität Berlin, researching the theme of borders in fragmented cities for my master's thesis, I was faced with a city-in-flux for 200 days, where mobility restrictions and safety measurements, as impacted by Covid-19, led to the exclusion of field investigation as a primary source of information. Hedging against the limitations imposed, I developed and tested a methodology that involves analyzing tourist maps as an alternative reconnaissance tool for urban designers. On the example of the Beirut port blast area, namely Gemmayze and Mar Mikhael, this study includes the decomposition of three tourist maps of Beirut in order to extract and verify their data and, furthermore, reconstruct the identity and image of the neighborhoods through this secondary resource. The analytical framework brings together the theories of place and space that exist in the different disciplines of spatial studies: social science's The Production of Space by Lefebvre; urban geography's Place and Placelessness by Relph; environmental psychology's The Psychology of Place by Canter; and urban design's Components of the Sense of Place by Punter and Montgomery. By exemplifying what it means to be a foreigner and a researcher exploring tourist maps in Beirut during this particular time, this article aims to encourage interdisciplinary approaches in urban studies and to critically reflect on atypical and underutilized tools for studying contemporary cities under extraordinary conditions of change.