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The term self-determination refers to process by which people determine their political status. It is well established that right to self-determination (RSD) is available to all and based on its historical and conceptual evolution, its status amounts to jus cogens or obligations erga omes. In other words, it is a part of customary international law (CIL). While exercising self-determination, people may freely determine their legal and political status vis-a-vis free to pursue economic, social and cultural (ESC) development by virtue of that right. The important milestones for defining and recognizing RSD are (i) the International Covenant on civil and political rights (ICCPR), 1966 and (ii) the International Covenant on economic, social and cultural rights (ICESR), 1966 which defines RSD. In terms of RSD's implementation, there exist certain hurdles and impediments which lead to non-exercise of this right. In this context, this article focuses on legitimacy and various paradoxes of RSD under International law. It analyses its scope, binding nature and legal status with reference to the occupied people in an occupied territory. It discusses different views in relation to its applicability. The argument developed throughout the article is that by virtue of recognition of RSD, in general, international community may implement RSD of those who are denied so far and ensure its availability to all in practical terms. In particular, such right may be implemented in occupied territories by means of referendum or plebiscite under auspices of the United Nations (UN) for securing rights of those who are struggling since decades. It concludes that, by virtue of implementation and enforcement of RSD in all jurisdictions, universal lasting peace can be established and international security can be ensured.

How can we lay the foundation for a more just and peaceful world? How can we prevent communications from fracturing and societies from tearing themselves apart? How should we prioritize economic, social, and cultural demands for resources and opportunities? International Development answers these questions and presents a view of development "in practice." Written by experts in the field, this book covers a range of contemporary developments, as well as providingcoverage of the theory and practice of international development. The book: . Covers a range of contemporary topics such as global security, new technologies, ethics and learning, and participation . Has chapters on Global Health and Development in Practice, Environmentally Sustainable Development in Practice and Corruption and Development . Features learning objectives, summaries, reading lists and questions for discussion . Works as a practice-driven text packed with case studies Global in perspective, this is your go-to book for your studies in international development.

The Palgrave International Handbook of Gender and the Military' provides a comprehensive overview of the multiple ways in which gender and militaries connect. International and multi-disciplinary in scope, this edited volume provides authoritative accounts of the many intersections through which militaries issues and military forces are shaped by gender. The chapters provide detailed accounts of key issues, informed by examples from original research in a wealth of different national contexts. This 'Handbook' includes coverage of conceptual approaches to the study of gender and militaries, gender and the organisation of state military forces, gender as it pertains to military forces in action, transitions and transgressions within militaries, gender and non-state military forces, and gender in representations of military personnel and practices. With contributions from a range of both established and early career scholars, 'The Palgrave International Handbook of Gender and the Military' is an essential guide to current debates on gender and contemporary military issues

The idea that the international community has a responsibility to protect populations at risk has become the prominent mode and structure of address in response to mass human atrocities, gross human rights violations, and large-scale loss of life. Although the "international community" of liberal international law and of legal cosmopolitanism for the most part projects a self-assured collective project, this book maintains that it transforms global ethical responsibility into a project of governance, management, and control. Pursuing this argument, and drawing on critical legal literature, critical international relations and on ideas of responsibility and ethical relationality in the work of Jacques Derrida and Judith Butler, the book develops a concept of "irresponsibility". This concept is then juxtaposed to the dominant Responsibility to Protect discourse. By exposing and acknowledging "the sites of irresponsibility" of the Responsibility to Protect, the book argues that irresponsibility itself can become the condition of ethical responsibility and the possibility of justice.

The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Mass Media and Society discusses media around the world in their varied forms - newspapers, magazines, radio, television, film, books, music, websites, social media, mobile media - and describes the role of each in both mirroring and shaping society. This encyclopedia provides a thorough overview of media within social and cultural contexts, exploring the development of the mediated communication industry, mediated communication regulations, and societal interactions and effects. This reference work will look at issues such as free expression and government regulation of media; how people choose what media to watch, listen to, and read; and how the influence of those who control media organizations may be changing as new media empower previously unheard voices. The role of media in society will be explored from international, multidisciplinary perspectives via approximately 700 articles drawing on research from communication and media studies, sociology, anthropology, social psychology, politics, and business.