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Authors Schimmelfennig and Winzen offer a comprehensive account and assessment of differentiation in European integration, including an analysis of differentiation in EU enlargement, the Eurozone crisis, Brexit and the selective integration of non-member states.

This essay examines whether the European Union, already the most powerful economic & financial rival of the United States, can develop its military arm to a level compatible with its economic & financial weight. It concludes by suggesting a parallel between European currency & the European military. The ECU started as virtual money that evolved into the Euro to become a real danger for the U.S. dollar. At this point, the nascent EU army is only a potential threat to a still unchallenged U.S. military power, but a parallel & ominous evolution is under way. Tables, References. Adapted from the source document.

The possible exit of the United Kingdom from the European Union will have profound economic and political effects. Here we look at a particular aspect, the power distribution in the Council of the European Union. Since the Lisbon treaty the exit does not require new negotiations as the success of a voting initiative only depends on the number and total population of the supporting member states. Using the Shapley-Shubik power index we calculate the member states' powers with and without the United Kingdom and update earlier power forecasts using the Eurostat's latest population projections. There is a remarkably sharp relation between population size and the change in power: Brexit increases the largest members', while decreases the smallest ones' powers.

Split into five parts, this book brings together international, interdisciplinary contributions to consider the past, present and future of EU health law and policy. The changing membership of the EU could see dramatic changes for EU health law and policy: the contributors consider current developments in the light of past trajectories. The book covers key institutions; policies on people and products; health systems; public health; and the health implications of the EU's external trade policies and laws.

This Handbook uses a thematic and interdisciplinary approach to discuss and analyse the various governance structures of the EU, focusing in particular on how these are administered. Key chapters, written by leading experts across the field, engage with important ongoing debates in the field of EU administrative law, focusing on areas of topical interest such as financial markets, the growing security state and problematic common asylum procedures. In doing so, they provide a summary of what we know, don't know and ought to know about EU administrative law. Examining the control functions of administrative law and the machinery for accountability, this Research Handbook eloquently challenges areas of authoritarian governance, such as the Eurozone and security state, where control and accountability are weak and tackles the seemingly insoluble question of citizen 'voice' and access to policy making. Practical and engaging, this timely Research Handbook is sure to appeal to scholars and researchers of EU administrative law and EU law more broadly. Legal practitioners and EU policy makers will also benefit from its high level of engagement with contemporary deliberations

The Research Handbook on EU Consumer and Contract Law takes stock of the evolution of this fascinating area of private law to date and identifies key themes for future development of the law and research agendas. This major Handbook brings together contributions by leading academics from across the EU on the latest developments and controversies in these important areas of law. The Handbook is divided into three distinct and thematic parts: first, authors examine a range of cross-cutting issues relevant to both consumer and contract law. The second part discusses specific topics on EU consumer law, including the consumer image within EU law, information duties and unfair contract terms. The final part focuses on a number of important subjects which remain current in the development of EU contract law and presents a number of innovative solutions to the challenges presented in parts one and two. This timely and insightful Handbook will provide both a comprehensive survey of this area of law for the novice researcher and fresh food for thought for scholars who have been researching this area of law for many years--

Private regulation and EU economic law -- Free Movement and private regulation -- Competition law and private regulation -- The relationship of free movement and competition law -- Conditional autonomy : EU internal market law and the private regulation of sport -- The learned art : regulating the legal profession -- Standard setting, competition, and trade -- Conclusion

Die Verbesserung der Lebensbedingungen in Europa und die Schaffung gleichwertiger Lebensverhältnisse in den Mitgliedsländern gehören zu den Hauptzielen der europäischen Vereinigung. Bekanntlich gibt es zwischen den EU-15-Ländern noch immer erhebliche Wohlfahrtsunterschiede (vgl. ISI 27), und mit der Erweiterung der EU ist man von gleichwertigen Lebensverhältnissen noch weiter entfernt als zuvor. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt, dass dies nicht nur materielle Aspekte der Lebenssituation betrifft, sondern beispielsweise auch Fragen der Qualität gesellschaftlicher Institutionen, des sozialen Zusammenhalts und des subjektiven Wohlbefindens der Bevölkerung. Datenbasis ist der 2002/3 durchgeführte European Social Survey und die Europäischen Wertestudie von 1999/2000.1, 2