Suchergebnisse

Sufis' theory of ghorba (estrangement or exile) underlies here a reflection on exile in contemporary Arab cultures. Hence Ibn al-Arabi's speculations on ghorba in Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyya shed a new light on Arjun Appadurai's notion of "ethnoscape." The Sufi concept of ghorba paves the way for a modern Arab ethnoscape, where the Arab subject experiences transnational movement in the global space without associating this experience with the negative aspects of exile.
Ibn al-Arabi dismisses the negative effects of "geographic" displacement. According to his reasoning, an expatriate does not feel estranged anywhere he or she travels, since the world—and the divine—are in continuity with the human subject. The real exile is a psychological experience resulting from the disruption of monist unity and harmony between human and divine, man and the world.
This conception of exile challenges nationalist theories of estrangement based on the assumption that a sense of displacement is bound to physical movement out of the national territory. Ghorba is a state in which the subject is far from his or her ethical and spiritual plenitude (thanks to the Sufi mystical unity with the divine), not a geopolitical situation. This conception challenges the dogmatic distinction of House of Islam versus House of War in Arab Islamic Sunni tradition, where the displacement out of the former results in an experience of exile.
In modern terms, ghorba—as conceptualized by Sufis—provides a traditional basis helping the modern Arab subject cope with the experience of displacement, by shifting the paradigm of belonging from the realm of geopolitics to that of spirituality and ethics. Thus the construction of a modern postnational Arab subjectivity can be achieved thanks to the investment of the ethnoscape—a virtual space that transcends national boundaries but keeps active a network of affects and cultural references and products unifying an ethnically distinct subject. The Sufi sense of belonging to the whole world makes it politically and ethically acceptable to feel at home outside of one's homeland, without being stripped from one's ethnicity. It adds to this compromise a dimension of spiritual fulfillment, since the horizontal ethnoscape intersects with a vertical spiritual axis, constantly neutralizing nostalgia to the geographic paradise of origins.

Post‐disaster reconstruction is likely to suffer resource shortages and supply disruptions. The devastating Wenchuan earthquake on 12 May 2008 in China served as a typical example. After the catastrophe, resource problems such as price escalation and market inflation posed a significant challenge to Chinese policy makers and reconstruction team. Based on field surveys, the study attempts to examine the Wenchuan earthquake reconstruction practice and identify the most vulnerable resources along with their resourcing impediments inherent in the reconstruction process. The research findings show that at the early stage of reconstruction, labour and materials such as brick, cement, steel and aggregate were the most needed yet vulnerable resources. Procurement of these resources was mainly hindered by (1) reconstruction schedule and speed, (2) the impacts of the 2008 global financial crisis, (3) inadequate local transportation capacity, (4) dysfunction of the construction market, and (5) insufficient engagement of local construction industry. While the interventions and measures Chinese government adopted after the earthquake seem to be able to deal with resourcing bottlenecks in a short time; different efforts to reduce the impacts of these five areas are needed with a view to expediting longer‐term disaster recovery and reconstruction. Santruka Atstatant po nelaimiu tiketina, kad truks ištekliu ir kartais nutruks tiekimas. 2008 m. gegužes 12 d. Kinija supurtes niokojantis Wenchuan žemes drebejimas – būdingas pavyzdys. Po katastrofos kilusi ištekliu problema, kaip antai pakilusios kainos ir padidejusi rinka, Kinijos politikams ir atstatymo komandai tapo rimtu iššūkiu. Remiantis praktiniais tyrimais, darbe meginama išnagrineti atstatymo veikla po Wenchuan žemes drebejimo ir nustatyti sunkiausiai gaunamus išteklius kartu su atstatymo procesui būdingomis kliūtimis ju gauti. Tyrimo išvados rodo, kad ankstyvajame atstatymo darbu etape labiausiai reikejo, bet daugiausiai trūko tokiu ištekliu, kaip darbo jega ir medžiagos: plytos, cementas, plienas ir užpildai. Šiu ištekliu isigyti labiausiai trukde (1) atstatymo darbu tvarkaraštis ir sparta, (2) 2008 metu pasaulines finansu krizes poveikis, (3) nepakankamas vietinio transporto našumas, (4) sutrikusi statybu rinka ir (5) nepakankamas vietines statybu pramones dalyvavimas. Nors po žemes drebejimo Kinijos valdžios pasirinktos priemones ir intervencijos būdai lyg ir leido trumpam pašalinti ištekliu trūkumus, šiu penkiu punktu poveikiui mažinti reikia ivairiu pastangu, kad spartus atsigavimas ir atstatymas po nelaimiu būtu ilgalaikis. First Published Online: 10 Feb 2011

Context. Mismanaged fire is one of the main processes threatening biodiversity in northern Australian savannas. While the suite of species adversely affected by fire has been quite well documented, empirical studies that seek to identify the ecological mechanisms that underpin these declines are rare. This dearth of mechanistic knowledge is hindering the refinement and development of conservation management practices and policy, such as early dry-season prescribed burning programmes. Aims. Our aim was to describe why red-backed fairy-wrens (RBWs; Malurus melanocephalus) decline after fire, as shown by previous studies. Methods. We examined the effects of early and late dry-season fire (and an unburnt control) on the mortality, dispersal, physiology and breeding of colour-marked RBWs. We also tested whether the early fire area became an important refuge after the late fire. Key results. Neither fire treatment caused a detectable increase in mortality. Individuals relocated short distances to unburnt habitat following both fires. Some individuals used the early fire area after the late fire, but only if they were already living nearby and most also relied on adjacent unburnt habitat. Blood-parasite infection and pectoral-muscle attrition were unaffected by the treatments. The early fire caused loss of body mass at a time when the control population gained mass after breeding, whereas the late fire had no effect on mass. Blood haemoglobin concentrations in birds affected by the late fire deviated from the levels observed in the control population, presumably because of disruption of behaviours associated with the onset of the breeding season. Mayfield estimations of daily egg-survival probability showed no difference among the treatments, whereas the daily probability of nestling survival was significantly lower in the late fire area. Pairs affected by the late fire also had a shorter breeding season and none attempted multiple broods after earlier successes. Conclusions. Our results suggest that the reproductive output of RBWs is low following late dry-season fire, and that this is the main mechanism that explains their decline. Implications. This study provides support for the value of using early dry-season prescribed burning to limit the effects of late dry-season wildfire. However, there are important caveats to this, such as the retention of near-by unburnt habitat, and the consideration of variable regeneration rates for different vegetation types.

This dissertation examines Elfriede Jelinek's investigation of Austria's and Western Europe's "obscene fantasies" through her "perversion" of generic forms in three of her best-known texts (Die Liebhaberinnen, Lust, and Die Klavierspielerin). It also investigates how these texts, at first glance less overtly political than Jelinek's later work, can be seen as laying the groundwork for her later, more political, analysis of Austrian fascism and racism. The dissertation is composed of three chapters; each investigates a central psychoanalytic concept (alienation, jouissance, perversion and sublimation) and reads a Jelinek text in relation to the genre that it is perverting, exposing the "obscene fantasies" that lie at its heart. Chapter One examines how Jelinek depicts alienation (in the Marxist, socialist feminist, and Lacanian senses) in her 1975 novel Die Liebhaberinnen, and explores how Jelinek's depiction of alienation functions to make Die Liebhaberinnen an anti-romance. Chapter Two addresses whether Jelinek's novel Lust (1989) is a pornographic or anti-pornographic text. I investigate the complex relationship between aesthetics and pornography, arguing that many other Jelinek scholars collapse the distinction between mass-cultural forms of pornography and the high-cultural pornography of Bataille and Sade, and thus fail to understand how her text is simultaneously pornographic and anti-pornographic. Chapter Three focuses on Jelinek's novel Die Klavierspielerin (1983), examining the development of its protagonist as a (perverse) sexual subject, and her ultimate failure to achieve a stable sexual position and how Jelinek's text perverts the genre of the Künstlerroman. It also discusses Erika's training as a pianist as a possible causal factor of her perversions and lack of sexual identity, concluding that her inability to sublimate demonstrates the similarities (and differences) between the artist and the pervert, illustrating how Jelinek's novel deviates from the traditional Künstlerroman. The dissertation argues that the disruption of genres is one of Jelinek's most significant literary contributions, her works functioning to create a "negative aesthetics" as opposed to a positive reworking of generic forms. Jelinek rejects an identificatory mode of writing and refuses to create "positive" subjects, preferring instead to produce art that is a "critique of praxis as the rule of brutal self-preservation at the heart of the status quo" (Adorno, Aesthetic Theory, 12).

Den ökonomischen Wert von Biodiversität, Ökosystemen und ökosystemaren Dienstleistungen abzuschätzen, stellt eine Herausforderung dar. Insbesondere dann, wenn Biodiversität und funktionierende Ökosysteme als ökologische Versicherung für die Gesellschaft und das menschliche Wohlergehen betrachtet werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Wahrnehmung und Wertschätzung der Gesellschaft für die durch die Biodiversität und funktionierende Ökosysteme bereitgestellte ökologische Versicherung im Sinne eines Risikoschutzes untersucht. Neben mehr oder weniger bekannten Risiken wie invasiven Arten, Schädlingen, Krankheiten und Sturmrisiken, existieren auch weniger bekannte Risiken wie z.B. Risiken die mit den Auswirkungen des Klimawandels zusammenhängen. Auch mit ganz neuen oder unbekannten Risiken ist zu rechnen. Für diese nach dem Wissenschaftlichen Beirat der Bundesregierung Globale Umweltveränderungen klassifizierten Pythia- und Pandora Risiken ist prinzipiell unbekannt, ob, wie, wann, wo und mit welchem Ausmaß sie eintreffen. Im schlimmsten Fall ist mit katastrophenartigen Auswirkungen auf die Bereitstellung von ökosystemaren Dienstleistungen für die Gesellschaft (z. B. Nahrung oder Regulationsleistung des Wasserkreislaufs) zu rechnen. Grundlegende Überlegungen zum Verhalten ökologischer Systeme lassen vermuten, dass zumindest eine teilweise ökologische Versicherung gegen solche Risiken möglich ist. Entsprechende Vorsorgestrategien bauen auf dem Schutz der biologischen Vielfalt auf bzw. allgemeiner auf dem Schutz der Selbstorganisationsfähigkeit der ökologischen Systeme auf. Aber in welchem Umfang sollen ökonomische Ressourcen beispielsweise im Rahmen von Naturschutz- und Landschaftsplanung für die ökologische Versicherung bereitgestellt werden? Anhand einer wissenschaftlichen Befragung der lokalen Bevölkerung wurden im Rahmen eines Auswahlexperiments (Choice Experiment, Stated Preference-Methode) ökonomische Präferenzen für ökosystemare Versicherungsdienstleistungen der Waldbiodiversität in der Region um den Nation alpark Hainich (Thüringen) ermittelt. ; It is a challenge to estimate economic benefits of biodiversity, ecosystems and ecosystem services to society. This is particularly the case if biodiversity and functioning ecosystems are considered as ecological insurance to society and human-well being because it is an unfamiliar benefit. In the following, the ecological insurance provided by biodiversity and functioning ecosystems is brought into focus as protection against risks. Besides more or less known risks such as invasive species, pest outbreaks, diseases and storm risks, less known risks such as some effects of climate change or even less unknown risks exist. For so called Pythia- und Pandora risks (WBGU 1999:10) it is principally unknown if, how, when, where, and how badly they strike. These risks are unknown. If they occur, they may cause potentially catastrophic disruptions in the provisioning of humans with ecosystem services. It has been shown that at least partial ecological insurance against such risks is possible, mainly by biological diversity and, more generally, the capacity of ecological systems to self-organise. But how much social and economic resources should be committed to ecological insurance ? A Choice Experiment (CE) (stated preference method) was used to quantify economic preferences for forest biodiversity-based ecosystem insurance services in the area of Hainich National Park, Thuringia (Germany).

2013 Spring. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Throughout the world, Indonesia is one of the countries most affected by the outbreak of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1. The outbreak has killed 160 out of 192 human cases during 2005 to 2012, the fatality rate being especially high in children and young adults (WHO, 2013), caused over 470 million USD in economic losses (KOMNAS, 2008a) and disrupted the lives of more than 20 million people who depend on the poultry industry (BPS, 2003) for their livelihood. Indonesia received from the international community the largest financial commitment to fight HPAI, totaling to more than 128 million USD (FAO, 2008a). Highly pathogenic avian influenza also affected the capital city of Jakarta. In an effort to minimize disruption to public health from the outbreak of HPAI, Jakarta provincial government has issued a local regulation (Peraturan Daerah) Number 4/2007 on the Control, Raising, and Distribution of Poultry in Jakarta. Despite the fact that Jakarta has a high risk of public health problems due to HPAI, there is no effective enforcement of the local HPAI control regulation in the city, thus the poultry collection sites and traditional slaughter houses continue to conduct unsafe practices of poultry slaughter. To overcome this problem, information is needed to know how much the poultry industry, especially the Live Bird Markets (LBMs), in Jakarta knows about the risk of HPAI in their community. The level of knowledge and perception of safe poultry handling practices regarding the risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza among workers in LBM can be assessed using a Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Study. The results of this study illustrate that, despite being given information, LBM workers had no detailed understanding of avian influenza, had a less perceived risk of experiencing avian influenza, and had a low compliance with precautionary behaviors. As a result, biosecurity in the LBMs is woefully inadequate, increasing the threat of another serious outbreak of HPAI in poultry and perhaps in humans as well. Encouragingly, workers' interest in learning more about avian influenza was high in this survey. Therefore, designing and implementing avian influenza educational programs and measuring their effectiveness should be priorities to encourage the population to take a more active role.

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Over the past decade, there has been a technological revolution in the workplace as businesses have increasingly turned to computer technology the primary tool to communicate, conduct research, and store information. Also during this time, concern has grown among private sector employers that their computer resources may be abused by employees--either by accessing offensive material or jeopardizing the security of proprietary information--and may provide an easy entry point into a company's electronic systems by computer trespassers. As a result, companies have developed "computer conduct" policies and implement strategies to monitor their employees' use of e-mail, the Internet, and computer files. Federal and state laws and judicial decisions have generally given private sector companies wide discretion in their monitoring and review of employee computer transmissions. However, some legal experts believe that these laws should be more protective of employee privacy by limiting what aspects of employee computer use employers may monitor and how they may do so. Following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States, policymakers re-examined many privacy issues as they debated the USA PATRIOT Act, which expands the federal government's authority to monitor electronic communications and Internet activities. GAO reviewed 14 private sector companies' monitoring policies and found that all companies reviewed store their employees' electronic transactions: e-mail messages, information on Internet sites visited, and computer file activity. They collect this information to create duplicate or back-up files in case of system disruption; to manage computer resources such as system capacity to handle routine e-mail and Internet traffic; and to hold employees accountable for company policies. Representatives from all of the companies had policies that contained most of the elements experts agreed should be included in company computer-use polices. None of the companies GAO studied had changed any of their employee computer-use policies or monitoring practices after the September 11 attacks. Most companies did, however, report a growing concern about electronic intrusion into their computer systems from outside trespassers or viruses and had increased their vigilance by strengthening their surveillance of incoming electronic transmissions."

Zdravstveno-ekološka ocjena situacije u Estoniji nakon raspada Sovjetskog Saveza pokazala je da je država zanemarivana tijekom razdoblja hladnog rata nakon II. svjetskog rata i da su od proglašenja nezavisnosti godine 1991. bili spori napori za poboljšanje postojećeg stanja. Na stanje u Estoniji utječe pedesetogodišnje razdoblje okupacije. Industrijske, vojne i poljoprivredne djelatnosti ostavile su u nasljeđe onečišćenost i zastarjela postrojenja. Zakonski okviri i stavovi o načinu života iz sovjetske ere ometaju reformske napore. U sadašnjem prijelaznom razdoblju prisutne su opasnosti koje proizlaze iz upropaštene infrastrukture, slabe ekonomije i poremećaja usko povezanih s reorganizacijom. Tijekom posljednjih pet godina ekonomska kriza još je više otežala ove okolnosti, a stanje u javnom zdravstvu se pogoršalo. Nakon 1991. međunarodni programi pomoći kao i napori samih Estonaca doveli su do nekih promjena i napretka u nadzoru okoliša, a nedavno je vlada potaknula veoma nadobudne programe u područjima okoliša i javnog zdravstva. Međutim, potrebno je obaviti još puno posla. Pregled nedavne povijesti ove malene države pruža primjere sustavnog zanemarivanja i nagomilanih posljedica te preporučene korektivne mjere za njihovo razrješavanje. ; An assessment of environmental health and monitoring in Estonia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union has shown that the country suffered from neglect during the "cold war" after World War II, and efforts to improve the status quo have been slow since independence was gained in 1991. Conditions in Estonia are affected by the fifty-year long occupation. Industrial, military and agricultural activities have left a legacy of pollution and obsolete installations. The regulatory framework and life style attitudes from the Soviet era interfere with reform efforts. The current transition period holds risks that derive from a run-down infrastructure, a weak economy, and disruptions, inherent in the reorganization itself. Over the past few years a recession has further complicated the situation and the public health status has worsened. International assistance progiammes as well as efforts by Estonians have led to some change and progress in environmental management since 1991, and lately ambitious environmental and public health sector programmes have been initiated by the government. Much work, however, still needs to be done. An examination of the recent history of this small country provides examples of environmental neglect and consequences, as well as recommended corrective measures.

The literature on Judges reveals a growing body of insights into its structure and arrangement, and the social dynamics and theology of the eras of its events and (later) composition. At the same time, there is continual search for greater understanding of these features of the book. Rhetorical criticism furnishes a promising approach to discovering the structure of the Jephthah stories, when used with genre-identification aspects of form criticism. The five Jephthah narratives are a loosely integrated, but symmetrically arranged sequence. The first and fifth narratives are rhetorically designed to pair with each other; the second and fourth are similarly designed, but also feature the correlated motifs of Jephthah's rise and fall. Between them lies a diplomatic speech of Jephthah which embodies the regular kerygma of ancient Israel, here pressed in to the service of Jephthah's effort at peaceful settlement of Ammonite aggression through diplomacy. Thus, the Jephthah stories are symmetrically arranged. The thematic over-arch is the establishment of a single-head government in Gilead under conditions of national repentance, foreign threat, and elders' treaty; this movement is finally frustrated by tragedy, however. The remainder of the book of Judges has been composed by pursuing this matching-pairs technique all the way to the outer edges. Thus the Jephthah series is framed by the two minor judge portions, these in turn by the Gideon-Samson blocks, and these again in turn by chaps. 4-5 and 17-18. Finally chaps. 1-3 and 19-21 are coordinated. A new understanding of the structure of Judges thus emerges from this study of the Jep'uthah series and its implications. The most likely historical setting for the composition of Judges is the Solomonic Era when the problems Israel faced in the Judges Era again emerged. The editors approved of single-head rule legitimated by elders' treaty, but warned of idolatry, foreign dominion, and internal disruption. When the Deuteronomistic History was assembled in the Exilic Era, Judges became part of that history. Jephthah and the other charismatic judges came to be seen as forerunners, not only of the monarchy, but of the later, equally charismatic prophetic movement.

Most of the studies characterizing DNA methylation patterns have been restricted to particular genomic loci in a limited number of human samples and pathological conditions. Herein, we present a compromise between an extremely comprehensive study of a human sample population with an intermediate level of resolution of CpGs at the genomic level. We obtained a DNA methylation fingerprint of 1628 human samples in which we interrogated 1505 CpG sites. The DNA methylation patterns revealed show this epigenetic mark to be critical in tissue-type definition and stemness, particularly around transcription start sites that are not within a CpG island. For disease, the generated DNA methylation fingerprints show that, during tumorigenesis, human cancer cells underwent a progressive gain of promoter CpG-island hypermethylation and a loss of CpG methylation in non-CpG-island promoters. Although transformed cells are those in which DNA methylation disruption is more obvious, we observed that other common human diseases, such as neurological and autoimmune disorders, had their own distinct DNA methylation profiles. Most importantly, we provide proof of principle that the DNA methylation fingerprints obtained might be useful for translational purposes by showing that we are able to identify the tumor type origin of cancers of unknown primary origin (CUPs). Thus, the DNA methylation patterns identified across the largest spectrum of samples, tissues, and diseases reported to date constitute a baseline for developing higher-resolution DNA methylation maps and provide important clues concerning the contribution of CpG methylation to tissue identity and its changes in the most prevalent human diseases. ; This work was supported by European Grants CANCER DIP HEALTH-F2-2007-200620, LSHG-CT-2006-018739-ESTOOLS, LSHC-CT-2006-037297- MCSCs, the Dr. Josef Steiner Cancer Research Foundation Award, the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias Grant PI08-1345, Consolider Grant MEC09-05, the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC), Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (SAF2009-07319), the Lilly Foundation Biomedical ResearchAward, Fundació Cellex, and the Health Department of the Catalan Government (Generalitat de Catalunya). R.S. is supported by BMBF and Deutsche Krebshilfe. J.B. is supported in part by the University College London Cancer Institute Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre and the University College London Hospitals and University College London Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre. M.E. is an Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Research Professor

Shall the International Settlement of Shanghai be returned to China to become the prey of Chinese politics and civil disruption, or shall it be held in trust through a plan of Sino-foreign partnership until such time as China shall be able to preserve and protect its wealth and trade? This is the question now brought to the attention of Chinese and foreigners by the recently published report of Judge Richard Feetham, of South Africa, after eighteen months of intensive study of the problem. The report represents the most significant step yet taken toward solving the question of the future status of the International Settlement, the most important of all foreign concessions and settlements in China. For the first time in the history of the Settlement, China and the foreign powers have before them an adequate study of its development, and a definite plan upon which to base an agreement for future action.The International Settlement is a foreign controlled and governed area on Chinese soil, located on the Whangpoo River and serving as the chief center for the vast trade and commerce of the Yangtze valley. Together with the French Settlement and the Chinese Municipality, it forms a part of the modern city of Shanghai. The International Settlement is an outgrowth of the British Settlement established in 1843 when Shanghai was first opened to foreign trade. Other foreigners were admitted to the original British area, and in 1863 the British and Americans pooled their interests after the French had set up a separate settlement of their own. The amalgamated British and American Settlement, extended in 1899, became the International Settlement of today, containing some eight and three-fourths square miles of land on which reside over one million people. In population, the Settlement is truly international. Although the Chinese comprise over ninety-five per cent of the total, more than forty different nationalities are to be found among the foreign residents. For seventy-three years, however, the Settlement was governed wholly by foreigners in spite of its over-whelming majority of Chinese residents, and it is only since 1928 that the Chinese have had any official voice in Settlement affairs.

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous in the environment and involve diverse chemical-receptor interactions that can perturb hormone signaling. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development has validated several EDC-receptor bioassays to detect endocrine active chemicals and has established guidelines for regulatory testing of EDCs. Focus on testing over the past decade has been initially directed to EATS modalities (estrogen, androgen, thyroid, and steroidogenesis) and validated tests for chemicals that exert effects through non-EATS modalities are less established. Due to recognition that EDCs are vast in their mechanisms of action, novel bioassays are needed to capture the full scope of activity. Here, we highlight the need for validated assays that detect non-EATS modalities and discuss major international efforts underway to develop such tools for regulatory purposes, focusing on non-EATS modalities of high concern (i.e., retinoic acid, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, and glucocorticoid signaling). Two case studies are presented with strong evidence amongst animals and human studies for non-EATS disruption and associations with wildlife and human disease. This includes metabolic syndrome and insulin signaling (case study 1) and chemicals that impact the cardiovascular system (case study 2). This is relevant as obesity and cardiovascular disease represent two of the most significant health-related crises of our time. Lastly, emerging topics related to EDCs are discussed, including recognition of crosstalk between the EATS and non-EATS axis, complex mixtures containing a variety of EDCs, adverse outcome pathways for chemicals acting through non-EATS mechanisms, and novel models for testing chemicals. Recommendations and considerations for evaluating non-EATS modalities are proposed. Moving forward, improved understanding of the non-EATS modalities will lead to integrated testing strategies that can be used in regulatory bodies to protect environmental, animal, and human health from harmful environmental chemicals. ; LNM was supported by a H2020-Marie Skłodowska-Curie Action MSCA-IF-RI- 2017 awarded by the European Commission (ref. 797725-EpiSTOX). JK was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement GOLIATH No. 825489. AS and LEC were supported by a Grant-in-Aid from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. ; Peer reviewed

49 60 0 8 ; OJS ; Fernández, M.S. (2016). Buñuel en Toledo. Arte Público, Acción Cultural y Vanguardia. Woodbride: Tamesis. ; Bugallal, I. (2016). Doña Emilia Pardo Bazán habla de 'trapos y moños. La Opinión A Coruña . Recuperado de https://www.laopinioncoruna.es/contraportada/2015/10/04/dona-emilia-habla-trapos-monos/1000731.html ; [EN] The textile element has adopted many meanings throughout its history: suit, outfit, dress, attire, clothing, are just some of them. However, there are three that reflect the objective of this study, these are: fashion, clothing and costume. It is essential to clarify this differentiation initially, since these three terms build the present analysis, whose main objective is to reflect on the discursive and disruptive power that propagated fashions, consensual clothing and designed costumes have had in Spain, within a popular, artistic and avant‐garde context.Henceforth, we will consider that fashion recreates the game of diffusion of uses, both normative and dissident, of certain garments and accessories; clothing executes assimilation under social consensus, associating meaning with textile signifiers; and finally, the costumes idealize the textile element for artistic purposes.According to this distinction, we have structured a study examining the discursive capacities of the act of dressing, through two interconnected blocks. In the first block, we analyze the disruptive popular actions in which clothing was used, from the Mutiny of Esquilache to the outbreak of the spanish civil war. In the second block, we move the interest to the Spanish art and avant‐garde scene, highlighting those proto‐ performance's actions where costumes served to emphasize the plastic act, in a period that goes from the first decade of the 20th century to the outbreak of civil strife. Considering civil, political and artistic aspects of the spanish.The study of the civil, political and artistic aspects of the spanish society through the suit, shows us that the clothing regulation and the actions ...

Chapter 1. Introduction: Mediterranean Migration Studies: a research agenda for the coming years -- Part I: Geo-political Mediterranean Relations -- Chapter 2. Looking at the EU-Turkey Deal: The Implications for Migrants in Greece and Turkey -- Chapter 3. Hindering democracy through migration policies? An analysis of EU external migration policies impacts on the democratization of Morocco -- Chapter 4. Migration across the Mediterranean: Shaping Italy-Libya relations over time -- Chapter 5. (Im-)Mobility Partnerships: Challenges to EU Democracy Promotion through Mobility in the Mediterranean -- Chapter 6. The migration initiatives encouraged by the Local and Regional Networks and their effects in the Euromed cooperation -- Part II: Governance, Politics and Policies -- Chapter 7. Migrants and Refugees in the Mediterranean Cities: Reception, regulation and actors. Tunisia case study -- Chapter 8. Media, Public Opinion and Migration Policies in Euro-Mediterranean Countries: The Case of France -- Chapter 9. Gendered Asylum in the Black Mediterranean: Two Nigerian Women's Experiences of Reception in Italy -- Chapter 10. Activists Escaping Lebanon: Disruption, Burnout, and Disengagement -- Chapter 11. Ecologies of exclusion and inclusion in the Mediterranean: Seeking refuge in Lebanon -- Part III: Taxonomies of Motion and Drivers -- Chapter 12. Root Causes of Irregular Migration in the Eastern Mediterranean: The Case of Afghans and Syrians -- Chapter 13. Mobilities Among Marginalized Youth in Morocco: Precariousness, Agency and Networks -- Chapter 14. The continuity of migration drivers: A historical perspective on Spanish social transformations -- Chapter 15.: Capturing Irregular Migrations through a Macro-Sociological Lens: The harga process in twelve steps from North Africa to Europe -- Part IV: History, Cities and Social Transformations -- Chapter 16. Connecting places, connecting to place: the use of ICTs for imagining, narrating and exploring the Mediterranean city -- Chapter 17. The fenced off cities of Ceuta and Melilla: Mediterranean nodes of migrant (im)mobility -- Chapter 18. Mediterranean migrations and cities with their cultural histories and imaginaries: the case of Marseille -- Chapter 19. Infrastructure development and environmental change – a case study of forced (im)mobility in Mhamid oasis (Southern Morocco) -- Part V: Economy and Labor Markets -- Chapter 20. The Political Economy of Egyptian Migration to Europe in the 2020s -- Chapter 21. The institutional channeling of transnational economic mobilization in three Moroccan regions -- Chapter 22. 'No man's land': Reflecting on and theorizing migrant labour in the Mediterranean agriculture -- Chapter 23. Transnational Migrant Entrepreneurship Policies in the Maghreb Countries: Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco -- Chapter 24. Concluding remarks: Applying Med-Thinking proviso to set a research agenda on Mediterranean migrations.

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