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AbstractThis research aimed to explore the challenges of the COVID‐19 vaccination program from the perspective of multiple stakeholders in rural areas of eastern Indonesia. This qualitative participatory action research involved 115 participants selected from various groups in 20 subdistricts across five provinces, including Health Service workers, police staff monitoring the vaccination program, religious figures, and adult and youth community leaders. Furthermore, focus group discussion was conducted using semi‐structured interview guidelines based on the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) for vaccine and immunization model. The manifest content approach was employed to analyze the visible contents within the text. Implementation of the vaccination program was complicated by contextual, individual, and group factors, as well as vaccine and vaccination‐specific factors. The contextual factors were socioeconomic, religious, and cultural conditions, changes in government policies, and geographical and climatic obstacles. Meanwhile, examples of group and individual factors were people's beliefs of COVID‐19 being harmless and their invulnerability to the disease, along with misinformation and disinformation about vaccination, and fatalistic attitudes. Factors related to the vaccine and vaccination process include limited vaccine supplies, inadequate supporting facilities, and insufficient administration of vaccines. Multiple and complex challenges of COVID‐19 vaccination in the rural areas of eastern Indonesia need attention from the local and national government, as well as other parties including the private sector, socio‐religious figures and organizations, and the media.

Genetic differences (polymorphisms) among members of a population are thought to influence susceptibility to various environmental exposures. In practice, however, this information is rarely incorporated into quantitative risk assessment and risk management. We describe an analytic framework for predicting the risk reduction and value‐of‐information (VOI) resulting from specific risk management applications of genetic biomarkers, and we apply the framework to the example of occupational chronic beryllium disease (CBD), an immune‐mediated pulmonary granulomatous disease. One described Human Leukocyte Antigen gene variant, HLA‐DPβ1*0201, contains a substitution of glutamate for lysine at position 69 that appears to have high sensitivity (∼94%) but low specificity (∼70%) with respect to CBD among individuals occupationally exposed to respirable beryllium. The expected postintervention CBD prevalence rates for using the genetic variant (1) as a required job placement screen, (2) as a medical screen for semiannual in place of annual lymphocyte proliferation testing, or (3) as a voluntary job placement screen are 0.08%, 0.8%, and 0.6%, respectively, in a hypothetical cohort with 1% baseline CBD prevalence. VOI analysis is used to examine the reduction in total social cost, calculated as the net value of disease reduction and financial expenditures, expected for proposed CBD intervention programs based on the genetic susceptibility test. For the example cohort, the expected net VOI per beryllium worker for genetically based testing and intervention is $13,000, $1,800, and $5,100, respectively, based on a health valuation of $1.45 million per CBD case avoided. VOI results for alternative CBD valuations are also presented. Despite large parameter uncertainty, probabilistic analysis predicts generally positive utility for each of the three evaluated programs when avoidance of a CBD case is valued at $1 million or higher. Although the utility of a proposed risk management program may be evaluated solely in terms of risk reduction and financial costs, decisions about genetic testing and program implementation must also consider serious social, legal, and ethical factors.

Abstract. Two historical landslide-induced tsunamis that reached the coasts of the French Lesser Antilles are studied. First, the Martinique coast was hit by a tsunami down the western flank of Montagne Pelée at the beginning of the big eruption of May 1902. More recently, the northeastern coast of Guadeloupe was affected by a tsunami that had been generated around Montserrat by pyroclastic flows entering the sea, during the July 2003 eruption of the Soufrière Hills volcano. We use a modified version of the GEOWAVE model to compute numerical simulations of both events. Two source hypotheses are considered for each tsunami. The comparison of the simulation results with reported tsunami height data helps to discriminate between the tested source decriptions. In the Martinique case, we obtain a better fit to data when considering three successive lahars entering the sea, as a simplified single source leads to an overstimation of the tsunami wave heights at the coast. In the Montserrat case, the best model uses a unique source which volume corresponds to published data concerning the peak volume flow. These findings emphasize the importance of an accurate description of the relevant volume as well as the timing sequence of the source event in landslide-generated tsunami modelling. They also show that considering far-field effects in addition to near-field effects may significantly improve tsunami modelling.

It is no longer safe for companies to rely exclusively on their FCPA compliance programs as a means for staying compliant with their foreign bribery obligations throughout the world. Countries have committed themselves to combating foreign bribery through international treaty obligations and newer foreign bribery laws, such as the UK Bribery Act, that have imposed tougher anti-bribery standards on companies operating on an international basis. International enforcement of these foreign bribery laws has also peaked in aggressiveness. Companies need to tailor their FCPA compliance programs to adapt their programs to the current international anti-bribery environment. They need to look at current international guidance on anti-bribery compliance programs and make their compliance programs truly international foreign bribery compliance programs that can better protect them in a world increasingly hostile to foreign bribery. This article will explain the major laws and international treaties governing foreign bribery and the need for effective compliance procedures in an international anti-bribery environment. This article will also explore some of the guidance provided by domestic and international authorities on procedures that should be included in an effective international foreign bribery compliance program. Finally, this article will provide a list of minimum compliance procedures, covering A to Z, which should be incorporated in any comprehensive international foreign bribery compliance program.

Mental skills training (MST) has been suggested to reduce stress in civilian and athletic populations, however, whether these techniques and practices transfer to a military population are unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate two MST programs against a baseline condition, training-as-usual (TAU), during an intense, active-duty, military training environment. Two hundred and three Marines enrolled in the United States Marine Corps' Basic Reconnaissance Course participated in this effort (n = 203; age = 22.7 ± 3.3 years; height = 178 ± 6.35 cm; weight = 97.7 ± 8.3 kg; Mean ± SD). Each Marine was assigned to one of three groups, Mindfulness-Based Mind Fitness Training (MMFT), General Mental Skills Training (GMST), or TAU. Operational and cognitive performance measures, as well as, physiological metrics were obtained across three training phases (phase 1–3). Furthermore, phase 3 was sub-divided into pre-ambush, ambush and post-ambush time points. Significant group × time interactions were found for the total number of errors committed on the sustained attention response task (p = 0.004); as well as, plasma cortisol (p < 0.0001) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1; p < 0.0001). There were mixed results between groups on operational performance tasks with the MST groups tending to perform better than TAU the more time participants had with MST instruction. During ambush, the differences among groups were especially pronounced for measures of information processing that one would expect MST to enhance: coordinates recall, plot time, and plot accuracy (p < 0.001), with improvements ranging from 24.7 to 87.9% for the MST conditions when compared to TAU. These data demonstrate that independent of the specific type of MST program, the fundamental characteristics of stress regulation embedded within each MST program may enhance performance and cognitive function during time of heightened stress.

Social welfare for all the poor in the city of Tanjungbalai is the main goal of the mayor of Tanjungbalai. One of the efforts of the Tanjungbalai City Government to achieve poverty alleviation in Tanjungbalai City is by presenting a central government program, namely the Family Hope Program, which is one of the flagship programs of the Ministry of Social Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia, which in its implementation still often experiences problems due to a lack of knowledge of the program so as to To overcome this, a social assistant is appointed to assist in applying this assistance program. The research approach used is quantitative supported by primary and secondary data. The type of data used is primary data obtained through distributing questionnaires to direct PKH recipients. The data analysis technique starts from collecting information through a questionnaire in the form of a statement and at the final stage by drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that the variable of the Family Hope Program significantly affects the Poverty Alleviation variable in Tanjungbalai City so that the Tanjungbalai City government must be able to maintain this assistance program so that the people of Tanjungbalai City can be helped. Meanwhile, according to the research results, the companion's performance shows that significantly the companion performance variable moderates the relationship between the Hope Family Program and Poverty Alleviation in Tanjungbalai City, which means that the companion's performance can strengthen the implementation of PKH activities in the city of Tanjungbalai. Keywords: Family Hope Program, Companion Performance, Poverty Alleviation

Purpose To elicit feedback from participants who completed the eMOMSTM study, a feasibility randomized controlled trial (NCT04021602), on their perceptions of program strengths and weaknesses. Study Design Qualitative - Semi-structured, telephone interview guide using open-ended questions. Setting Rural Great Plains state, United States. Participants Of 26 individuals who completed the eMOMSTM study, 24 consented to an interview. Method Interviews were completed between October 2020 and May 2021. Audio-recordings were transcribed verbatim and organized in Microsoft 365. Data were analyzed using an exploratory, inductive thematic analysis. Results Participants' mean age was 27.5 (± 5.4) years and mean pre-pregnancy BMI was 29.5 kg/m2 (± 2.7). The majority (71%) were non-Hispanic White and 54% had a high school education/some college. Based on specific areas of inquiry, the following themes emerged: convenience of online program access using Facebook, importance of health coach's support and online interaction, positivity toward improving one's health, increased consciousness of health behaviors, diverse lactation educational needs, importance of educational materials on depression, and grief over the loss of birth expectations during COVID-19. Conclusion Findings suggest participants' perceived value of a lifestyle change program coupled with lactation education and support delivered using social media. Findings inform future studies to further adapt lifestyle change programs.

Shows that both the number of poor and the rate of poverty in rural areas is the highest in the nation. Since 1979 the rate of poverty in rural areas has increased by over 40%. Because the rural poor are highly dispersed and therefore less visible, they are particularly isolated and vulnerable. (AM)

Categories of research on the determinants of public policy are suggested & some representative works are cited to indicate the state of present knowledge. The categories include types of political systems, types of explanatory models, types of public policies, & cross-sectional & time series research. In each category representative works are reviewed. Several developments in political science suggest areas of future research: (1) the formal analysis of politics as a dynamic process, (2) the study of interest group & bureaucracies in relation to policy determinants, & (3) the development of better indicators of policy. Plans for a symposium on the policy determinants field are outlined. G. Simpson.

Statistical evidence is presented for the economies & diseconomies both of Ur size & of Ur growth rates at various levels. While size is associated with higher local government spending per capita, growth is associated with lower spending. Closer examination of the data, however, suggests that other variables may be responsible for these characteristics. Factors other than size & growth have still more important effects on municipal population; the most important factor is the number of functional responsibilities handled by the city government. Restrictions on growth have particularly bad effects on the poor & the Wc. 1 Figure, 4 Tables. W. H. Stoddard.

The crisis resulting from the pandemic had immediate and long-term consequences. Distance teaching has been fundamental for the maintenance of continuous training. In the didactic integration, the mediation of the musical language is a fundamental element for a better outcome of the educational and didactic intervention. It is a truly universal language, capable of overcoming linguistic and cultural barriers. Even more it can be said: it offers an idea of itself to each listener, who interprets it according to their sensitivity. Fair, inclusive and quality education must take into account several elements. We believe that training for beauty and aesthetic taste is one of the cornerstones of effective training. The so-called Via Pulchritudinis can be a valid tool for lifelong learning and becomes good practice of civil coexistence and democracy. ; La crisi scaturita dalla pandemia ha avuto conseguenze immediate e di lungo termine. La didattica a distanza è stata fondamentale per la tenuta della formazione continua. Nell'integrazione didattica la mediazione del linguaggio musicale è un elemento fondamentale per una migliore riuscita dell'inter- vento educativo e didattico. Essa è un linguaggio veramente universale, ca- pace di superare barriere linguistiche e culturali. Ancor più si può dire: offre un'idea di sé a ciascun ascoltatore, che la interpreta secondo la propria sensibilità. Un'istruzione equa, inclusiva e di qualità deve tener conto di diversi elementi. Riteniamo che formare al bello ed al gusto estetico sia uno dei cardini di un'efficace formazione. La cosiddetta Via Pulchritudinis può essere un valido strumento per un apprendimento che dura tutta la vita e diviene buona pratica di convivenza civile e di democrazia.

Based on conference paper. Early effectiveness; cabinet council process; economic program.