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Introduction. Serhiy Yefremov's preocupation with the state of the new Ukrainian literature, its development conditions and peculiarities of its history is studied in the article as a sort of "syndrom", which has predefined both the field of Serhiy Yefremov's scholarly work and the character of his research and critical work. Colonial state of the nation leads to an unquestionable conclusion that language and literature as the nation's only heritage and treasure become the ultimate measurement standard for everything. From this standpoint a matter of special interest is the destinies and work of writers that were tempted to leave their "native soil" and dedicated themselves to the literature of the metropoly. Purpose is to study the Syndrom of Colonial State in the works of Serhij Jefremov. Methods. The analytical and biographical methods are more or less realized in the article. Results. Specifically, in this regard Yefremov focuses on the figures of Volodymyr Korolenko and Mykola Gogol. In his works Yefremov approached the issue of the historical fate of Ukrainian literature and its situation in the Russian empire not only as a scholar, but also as a political publicist. This ladds to the unique author's style. Originality. In the article "Outlaw" Yefremov analyzes the status of the Ukrainian writer "been not only illegal but even outside the provisional rules on the press", fixes on the obvious, self-evident and more problematic, deep reasons of this position. Furthermore, Yefremov opens the law of the unitary ideology. The researcher put the question bluntly: who needs, who benefits by literature of the multimillion nation was in such poor and such profoundly abnormal situation. It's accented that the status of the Russian writer is much better. The whole point is in the imperial hierarchy and imperial psychology, deep-seated until the subconscious and then carefully cherished. Hopeless and unfavorable historical circumstances shaped the character of the Ukrainian literature. Moreover, they also formed the character and style of its famous researcher. "The history of the Ukrainian literature" as the fundamental work, a matter of his life and a main theme has been saturated with the exhausting struggle for the existence of this literature. Natives of Ukraine which became Russian writers are one on the most painful for Yefremov problems. He is interested with the historical backgrounds and personal-psychological peripeteias of this phenomenon, consequences and lessons. Conclusion. Seeking to understand the nature of this "catastrophe", this "psychological riddle" Yefremov looks for origins and causes and provides a retrospective assessment of the specific competition of 1860-1870th years between "Ukrainophilism" on the one side and the influence of "neighboring Great public life" on the other. Inferences of Yefremov may be unexpectedly interesting and useful for us nowadays.

Aims and objectives: A systematic review of published studies on service user involvement in undergraduate, pre-registration general nursing education (excluding mental health-specific programmes). The objective is to examine how students are exposed to engagement with service users. Background: The requirement of service user involvement in all nurse education is policy expectation of health professional education providers, in response to the increased public and political expectations. Previous literature reviews have focused solely on mental health. Design: Systematic review using the PRISMA guidelines; timeframe 1997-2014; published in English. Methods: Search of CINAHL, Cochrane Review, Education Research Complete, Internurse, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, Scopus, SocINDEX and Web of Science yielded 229 citations; 11 studies met the review eligibility criteria. Results: Seven studies used qualitative methodology, two quantitative and two mixed methods. Studies from the United Kingdom dominated (n=9), the remainder from South Africa and Turkey. The results are described using four themes: benefits and limitations of service user involvement; nursing student selection; education delivery; practice-based learning and assessment. Most studies were small scale; nine had less than 30 participants. Overall the evidence suggests that student, lecturers and service users valued service user involvement in nurse education, to provide an authentic insight into the illness experience. Logistical considerations around support and student cohort size emerged. Conclusions: This is the first systematic review to focus on service user involvement in general nurse education. It reveals that service user involvement commenced later and is more limited in general programmes as compared to equivalent mental health education provision. Most of the evidence focuses on perceptions of the value of involvement. Further research is required to more clearly establish impact on learning and clinical practice. Relevance to clinical practice: service user involvement in nurse education is valued by stakeholders but preparation and support for those involved, including mentors is underestimated.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to inform teachers of evidence-based practices designed to enhance the academic performance of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the context of general education social studies classes.


Originality/value
Despite the growing numbers of students with ASD which are included in general education classrooms, general education teachers consistently report concerns about their abilities to effectively instruct students with ASD. Social studies classes can be particularly challenging for students with ASD because of the reading, verbal communication, and inference skills which are part of the curriculum – all areas with which these students may struggle. While each student with ASD is different, there are some research-based strategies which have been found to work successfully for many of these students.

AbstractThe purpose of the present paper was to review research studies of faecal soiling (not linked to anatomical anomalies) in people with intellectual disabilities. The research studies were identified through: (1) computerized searches of the PSYCLIT and MEDICAL EXPRESS databases for journal articles published between 1975 and 2000; and (2) a hand search of the reference lists of the articles found through the computerized process. Twenty‐one studies were reviewed: 13 dealt with the treatment of non‐retentive faecal soiling (i.e. soiling occurring in the absence of constipation); and eight were on retentive faecal soiling (i.e. soiling occurring in the presence of constipation). Treatment and follow‐up data tended to be fairly encouraging, with clear performance changes. An analysis of the results, in relation to the treatment conditions and designs of the studies, underlined several procedural and practical questions. Possible research initiatives to clarify those questions are presented.

Though Keynes wrote prodigiously, his position in economics is based on The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936). Without it, I think he would be judged as a fine economist, exceptionally able to combine theoretical work and practical policy application, but I doubt that he would stand as one of our "greats".

Among the numerous debates and discussions of development, the element of fear is rarely given explicit consideration. In this article, I review current development literature to demonstrate the incomplete treatment of fear, as it is often implicitly incorporated via discussions of security, power, identity, social cohesiveness or resistance. In the second part of this article, I utilize the case study of post-conflict Guatemala to examine how fear shapes, and is shaped by, development at multiple, overlapping scales. By elaborating on the complex interrelations between fear and development, this case study demonstrates the importance of directly engaging with fear in development analyses, particularly in post-conflict settings.