Suchergebnisse

In this article the author first describes expectations regarding education which have emerged after the political transformation in South Africa. He then points out eight challenges to the education system: poor results, limited resources, criminality, lack of discipline, shortage of suitable teachers, inability to provide in economic needs, inefficient management, and Aids and general health conditions. In the final paragraph he states how cooperation with European countries could be of help in establishing sound education practices. (DIPF/Kie.)

This paper aims to show that the problem of personal identity is a fundamental question of the classical Indian thought. Usually we tend to think that personal identity is a Western philosophical subject, and so we tend to forget the significance of the Self (Atman) in Hinduism and even in Buddhism. The author shows how the Indian thought approached the question of personal identity and which was the singular solution outlined in the work consensually attributed to Gotama, the Buddha.

On the basis of data of the European social study for 2006-2007, the author analyzes the ideas of men and women of the comprehension of such notions as "adultness", "mid-age", and "old age", as well as the ideas of the importance of the occurrence of certain events during the life which are essential or are not for the attainment of a definite life-age stage of the development of a person.

According to Antonio Gramsci, workers' councils were transitional institutions expected to carry on business in a market economy and thereby prepare the ground for the revolution. However, upon seizing power, workers were expected to establish a centrally planned system and, hence, to renounce autonomous firm management. Finding fault with this approach, the author upholds modern labor management theory, in which Vanek's LMF-type firms are looked upon as socialist firms operating in a market economy.

The present document resulted from an expert process initiated and conducted by the ICRC from 2003 to 2008. Dr. Nils Melzer, Legal Adviser at the ICRC, who has been responsible for the expert process since 2004, is the author of the Interpretive Guidance and most background documents and expert meeting reports produced during the process. The ICRC would like to express its gratitude to the experts, all of whom participated in the process in their personal capacity.

AbstractThe debate about the simultaneous applicability of international humanitarian law and human rights law also affects human rights treaty bodies. The article first considers the difficulty for a human rights body in determining whether international humanitarian law is applicable; second, it examines the problems in practice in applying thelex specialisdoctrine and the question of derogation in this particular context. The author finally outlines the impact of the debate as to the extent of extraterritorial applicability of human rights law.: : : : : : :

The article is devoted to the analysis of methodological problems in using the conception of macroeconomic equilibrium in contemporary economics. The author considers theoretical status and relevance of equilibrium conception and discusses different areas and limits of applicability of the equilibrium theory. Special attention is paid to different epistemological criteria for this theory taking into account both empirical analysis of the real stability of economic systems and the problem of unobservability of equilibrium states.

Using Africa as an example, the author suggests how globalisation in the form of innovative and capitalist intensive technology marginalises labour while creating a technically informed elite. The division between them represent social cleavages based on high risk and functional polarisation, both of which lead to divisive rather than mediating forms of pluralism. In such instances interests become elevated to principles, particularly around parochial affiliations, loyalties and jurisdictions, not to speak of propensities to violence.

The article is devoted to the description and analysis of the results of empirical research of economic activity, based upon methods of social psychology. The author introduces and employs such concepts as household efficiency, return on organization, etc., and considers the interconnections between the parameters of economic activity and social-psychological characteristics of individuals and households. Such a technique helps to take into account social-psychological factors of economic activity and forecast different economic phenomena.

Semi-structured individual interviews and document and observational analyses from two feminist faculty grassroots networks provide an understanding of how faculty confront an inequitable campus climate. From these data, the author shows that two subtly different strategies emerge to help women mobilize and address issues of discrimination and bias. One organization is a professional organization of feminists while the other is an activist organization of professionals, which in both cases help define academic feminism and the faculty profession.

The article examines theoretical aspects of tourist risks. The author analyzes the stages of development of Russia's travel & tourism industry in the context of influence of external and internal risk factors. Data of federal state statistics bodies and international tourist organizations is generalized. On this base tendencies of development of the travel & tourism industry are revealed and directions of the state policy in the field of internal tourism are considered.

Рассматриваются специфические трудности организации военной мобилизации в 1914 г. Автор делает вывод об относительно успешной работе военных и гражданских учреждений на первом этапе войны при неоднозначной реакции населения на войну и мобилизацию. ; The specific difficulties of the military mobilization in 1914 are considered. The author comes to conclusion about rather successful work of military and civil bodies at the first stage of the war, when the reaction of the population to war and mobilization was not positive.

На основе анализа формирования, структурного и качественного обновления российского рынка образовательных услуг дополнительного профессионального образования преподавателей выявлено влияние бюджетного финансирования, осуществляемого в виде государственного заказа, на темпы роста этого рынка. ; On the basis of formation, structural and qualitative updating analysis of the Russian market of additional vocational training of teachers, the author of the article points out the influence of the budgetary financing which is carried out in the form of the government order.

В статье анализируются процессы взаимодействия различных экономических и политических институтов в современной России. Рассматривается влияние демократизации на экономический рост. Значительное внимание уделено проблемам классификации и соподчиненности институциональных факторов экономического роста. Раскрывается роль институтов развития в условиях роста российской экономики. ; There are different economic and political institutes' interaction processes in modern Russia. The author pays much attention to the problem of economic growth and the role of institutional factors in th is process, their classification and su bmission.

Автором обозначены наиболее важные элементы правовой политики современной России в области развития частно-государственного партнерства, в том числе принципы и цели законотворческой деятельности государства и проблемы правоприменения в данной сфере. The author designates the most important elements of the legal policy of modern Russia in the field of development of private-state partnership, including the principles and purposes of legislative activity of the state and the problems of law enforcement in the mentioned sphere.