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ABSTRACTManuscript Type: ReviewResearch Question/Issue: We review the recent developments in the area of codes of good governance, a set of best practice recommendations regarding the behavior and structure of the board of directors.Research Findings/Results: Our review of the literature on codes of good governance highlights their rapid spread around the world and how academic research has lagged behind in analyzing this topic. Despite the criticism that the codes' voluntary nature limits their ability to improve governance practices, codes of good governance appear to have generally improved the governance of countries that have adopted them, although there is need for additional reforms.Theoretical Implications: Unfortunately, research on codes of good governance has developed in insolation with little cross‐fertilization across the different disciplines. We propose a multi‐level framework to discuss three main topics that have emerged within the codes literature: the motivations behind the diffusion of codes across countries and its implications for convergence of corporate governance practices; the content of the codes and their "comply or explain" dimension; and the relationship between code compliance and firm performance. We conclude by proposing four areas of future research.Practitical Implications: Code development, adoption, and compliance are directly related to issues surrounding the governance of the firm, and in particular to all the interactions that a director has inside and outside the firm. Codes are regulations that emerge from policy‐making negotiations between multiple stakeholders, such as the state (via the stock market regulators) and the investors.

This publication provides a contextual view of innovations in public governance. Public governance is about coordination and the use of various forms of institutional arrangements in policy-making processes to pursue the common good. In practice, the improvements and radical changes in governance structures and processes are met through "governance innovations", which vary from radical large-scale national reforms to various organizational innovations and new e-enabled governance models. Understanding and managing such innovation processes are among the most burning issues in public

This article examines the changing transatlantic security architecture since the end of the Cold War. It argues that the absence of a unifying military threat and the subsequent broadening of the notion of security from states to societies has led to the increasing differentiation of security policy arrangements since the beginning of the 1990s. Not only have international institutions proliferated since the end of bipolarity, private actors — such as non-governmental organizations and private security companies — have gained considerable influence. Since these features are not fully grasped by traditional models in security studies, the article suggests that a new theoretical perspective might be required if we are to understand the emerging security system. It proposes that such a perspective can be based on the concept of `security governance', which describes the development from the centralized security system of the Cold War era to the increasingly fragmented and complex security structures of today.

In the communication and knowledge based globalvillage, under the conditions of dynamic Change inan economy driven world, education has become acomplex and challenging endeavor, both for individualsand organizations. Learning has changeddramatically: knowledge and skills are quickly outdatedand devaluated, giving education a new meaningwithin an individual biography; schools, universitiesand other providers of education go throughorganizational revolutions, who are challenging theirself-concept and management; governments areunder pressure to reshape Educational Governanceaccording to new paradigms with the overall goalto sustain national or regional competitiveness. Arekey actors in the education system ready to face thesechallenges and to modernize their organizations?Starting from an overview on the Complexity of Learningin modern societies, generalizable consequencesare reviewed in a case study on Germany. It leads toa framework for a necessary research project incountries such as Indonesia, which are still aheadof educational reform. The focus is on the organizationalmeso and macro level that is playing the keyrole in Educational Governance.Keywords: Change Management, DemographicChange, Educational Governance, Globalization

Vor dem Hintergrund des rasanten Aufstiegs des Politikfeldes der Innovationspolitik wird hier die Frage behandelt, wie die Nationalstaaten auf die Herausforderung der Globalisierung und des Beitritts zur EU reagieren. Wird durch die Prozesse der Europäisierung und Regionalisierung die nationalstaatliche Innovationspolitik entmachtet? Oder bleiben die Nationalstaaten weiterhin die treibende Kraft im Mehrebenensystem? Wird die nationale Forschungs- und Technologiepolitik durch europäische Innovationspolitik überflüssig gemacht? Besonderes Augenmerk gilt bei der Betrachtung dem Prozess des policy-learning, der mit der Entstehungsgeschichte des Innovationsparadigmas verbunden ist. Die Ausführungen gliedern sich in folgende Punkte: (1) die Grundausrichtung der Innovationspolitik, (2) die Transformation nationaler Agenden und der Einfluss europäischer Politik, (3) europäische Innovationsstrategie versus nationale Innovationsstrategien (Neofunktionalismus, intergouvernementaler Ansatz, institutionalistische Erklärungen, Policy-Netzwerke), (4) die Innovationspolitik als Mehrebenenprozess, (5) die reflexive Beziehung zwischen Ideen und Institutionen, (6) die Frage nach der Politikintegration durch Normen und Regeln sowie (7) der Politikwandel in Theorie und Praxis. In einem Fazit fasst der Autor zusammen, dass die EU ihre Aktivitäten in der Forschungs- und Innovationspolitik kontinuierlich ausgeweitet hat und mehrjährige Forschungsrahmenprogramme mit einem stetig wachsendem Finanzvolumen auflegt, mit denen sie vor allem die anwendungsorientierte Förderung neuer Schlüsseltechnologien sowie die stärkere europäische Vernetzung von Akteuren und Institutionen in den Innovationssystemen verfolgt. Der überwiegende Teil der staatlichen Forschungs- und Innovationspolitiken ist in seinen Zielsetzungen auf die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der eigenen (d. h. nationalen) Forschung und Industrie ausgerichtet und wird noch immer durch nationale Vorhaben gekennzeichnet. (ICG2)

Giving voice to the marginalized, broadly defined, is the aim of this volume in its examination of social life increasingly marked by global inequality and the extension of market rationalities to all arenas. Revealing the outcome to populations, stakeholders, and the environment when policies resting on narrowly constrained logics are employed, these researchers lead the way in probing accounting's participation in significant struggles of our times. In order to better appreciate the consequences of economic globalization, the works examine contemporary rhetoric, governance, politics, and strategies and the manner in which accounting technologies are integrated. These works maintain that transformation is inevitable and they search for possibilities of change that can be manifested in socially equitable practices and improved social justice by enhancing accountability